License and Copyright

Access and licensing

Articles are available to read and download without a subscription and are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC 4.0), unless the material’s rights notice states otherwise. The licence notice attached to each article or item governs its permitted use.

Permitted reuse

Users may share, copy, distribute, and adapt articles for non-commercial purposes with author and source attribution, a licence link, and an indication of changes. Reuse must not imply endorsement by authors or the journal, or impose additional restrictions preventing uses allowed by the licence.

Author copyright and publishing rights

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal a non-exclusive right to publish, make available, and identify the article. Copyright ownership is not transferred to the journal. Authors may deposit and share the published version, identifying the original publication and DOI or permanent link where available and respecting participant rights and third-party material.

Commercial use and third-party material

CC BY-NC 4.0 does not grant the public permission for commercial use; separate permission from the rights holder is required unless a legal exception applies. The licence does not restrict authors’ retained rights or their ability to grant additional permissions where they own the necessary rights. Images, tables, reused material, privacy, and personality rights may involve separate permissions or conditions. Any licensing exclusions must be stated in the relevant credit line.

Continuing licence and the scholarly record

Permission already granted to compliant licensees is not revoked merely by a policy update or an article’s retraction. Relevant correction or retraction notices must accompany reuse so that the material is not represented as an unaffected scholarly record.

Permissions and enquiries

Permission requests should be directed to the rights holder. The journal may assist through info@hnjournal.net. The full licence governs: CC BY-NC 4.0 Legal Code.