{"id":9699,"date":"2024-04-01T10:28:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T10:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=9699"},"modified":"2024-04-01T10:28:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T10:28:30","slug":"5-4-17","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-4-17\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mohed95kurt@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj54\/17<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/04\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/03\/2024\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Funding by Mudarabah at Al-Tadhamon Bank in Yemen and Its Compliance with the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI)<\/strong><\/p>\n

MOHAMMED ALI AHMED SAGHEER ALDHAIBANI1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Master’s student, Sabahattin Zaim University, T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n

Email: mohed95kurt@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj54\/17<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/04\/2024 Accepted at 22\/03\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mudarabah financing is considered one of the most important tools in Islamic finance and plays a prominent role in financing projects of various kinds. Therefore, this research sought to assess the compliance of Mudarabah financing contracts at Al-Tadhamon Bank in Yemen with the standards of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). The researcher used both the deductive and analytical methods to achieve the research objectives. The Mudarabah financing contract terms at Al-Tadhamon Bank were studied and compared with AAOIFI standards to determine the degree of conformity and divergence between them.<\/p>\n

The results showed that the terms of the Mudarabah contract at Al-Tadhamon Bank align with most of AAOIFI standards, except for one term related to mixing the capital of the financier with that of the buyer. Therefore, the researcher recommended that Al-Tadhamon Bank reconsider the term that contradicted the AAOIFI Shariah standards. Additionally, the researcher recommended unifying the Shariah reference for Yemeni banks and financial institutions, and evaluating financial institutions and banks’ contracts according to the approved Shariah reference.<\/p>\n

The importance of studying as an applied study of the Mudarabah financing format in Al-Tadhamon Bank in Yemen is highlighted, contributing to understanding the alignment between the bank’s practices and Sharia standards. This improves the performance of Islamic banks and financial institutions that use this format in their financing activities.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Mudarabah, contracts, financing, Al-Tadhamon Bank, AAOIFI.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a)\u061f<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
  2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
  3. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
  4. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a)\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
    2. \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n
    3. \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n
    4. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a) \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
      3. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a).<\/li>\n
      4. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a) \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u062d\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c “\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong>“\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 25 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c “\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>“\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c “\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u201d\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u201d<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a”.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/strong>“\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

                \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

                \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n
                2. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n
                3. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  <\/a>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

                  \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639:<\/p>\n

                  \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n