{"id":8710,"date":"2024-01-01T10:02:16","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T10:02:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=8710"},"modified":"2024-01-01T10:02:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-01T10:02:21","slug":"5-1-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-1-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 “\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 – \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: siteilham17@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj51\/5<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n

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\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0646\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u066d\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1944 \u06481960\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u066d\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1- . \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 -\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629-)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

2- . \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- . \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628: <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n

\u2053 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0623.<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1944 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1960.<\/p>\n

\u0628.<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u2053<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a:<\/p>\n

\u066d\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u066d\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1944 \u06481960 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u066d\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u066d\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1944-1960 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

*\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

*\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1944 \u06481960:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628:<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 “\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 1254-2005.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c 1949\u060c \u0635. 46.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 1944-1982<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635. 239.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635. 31.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u064a\u060c ” \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u062c.7\u060c AltamiraFotomecanicaKarmat\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635. 272-283.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 1955-1962″\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u062c.7\u060c AltamiraFotomecanicaKarmat\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635. 202-233.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 1956 \u0640 1961<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1982\u060c \u0635.46.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 1955 2001<\/strong> … \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635.200.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0643. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 “\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645”\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c 1996. \u0635.58.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 29\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010\u060c \u0635 12-18.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 1955 2001. \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a IDGL\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635.183.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c” \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a… \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a… \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629”\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2010\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Moulay Abdelhadi Alaoui, le Maroc et la France 1912-1956 textes et documents \u00e0 l\u2019appui<\/strong>, \u00e9ditions fan graph, rabat, 2007, p.547.<\/p>\n

Michel Abitbol, Histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, imprim\u00e9 en France, 2000, P .555<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641”www.adabasham.net\/show.phh?sid<\/a> =25227. 21\/03\/2009. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a: elauch79@yahoo.fr.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c ” \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c… \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 ” \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 2\/10\/2012. www.maghress.com\/almassae\/164477<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.alhewar.org\/debat\/show.art..ash%3<\/a> faid % 3 d 40\u00a0199.<\/p>\n

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  1. . \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062f “\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 “\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 1254-2005.\n

    http:\/\/www.alhewar.org\/debat\/show.art..ash%3<\/a> faid % 3 d 40\u00a0199. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

  4. \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641”www.adabasham.net\/show.phh?sid<\/a> =25227. 21\/03\/2009. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a: elauch79@yahoo.fr. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a 14 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 1997 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1998\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0629. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c 1949\u060c \u0635. 46. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 1944-1982<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635. 239. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0638\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635. 31. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635. 92. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> … \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635. 247. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 <\/strong>… \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635.240. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635.241. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635.242. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u064a\u060c ” \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u062c.7\u060c AltamiraFotomecanicaKarmat\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635. 272-283. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. \u0646.\u0645\u060c \u0646.\u0635. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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2001. \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a IDGL\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635.98. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 1955-1962″\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u062c.7\u060c AltamiraFotomecanicaKarmat\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635. 202-233. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 1956 \u0640 1961<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1982\u060c \u0635.46. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. Moulay Abdelhadi Alaoui, le Maroc et la France 1912-1956 textes et documents \u00e0 l\u2019appui<\/strong>, \u00e9ditions fan graph, rabat, 2007, p.547.\n

    -le Mathis \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par Mehdi Ben Barka et avait comme vices pr\u00e9sidents Mahjoub ben Seddik et Thami Amar, taux ses membres \u00e9taient d\u00e9sign\u00e9s par le roi dans ses composition, il repr\u00e9sentait toutes forces vivre de la nation par ses jet alite il \u00e9tait de nature \u00e0 pr\u00e9parer les marocains \u00e0 l\u2019usage de la choura et la technique des \u00e9tats modernes, en effet le pays rivait dans le cadre d\u2019une pratique constitutionnelle sans constitution et d\u2019un parlementarisme sans parlement avec la jouissance pour tous les citoyens de leurs libert\u00e9s publique et individuelle.. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

  21. . \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>… \u0645.\u0633.\u0635.48. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. \u00ab\u00a0\u2026les ministres n\u2019appartenant pas \u00e0 l\u2019istiqal, Si Bakkai en t\u00eate remise leur d\u00e9mission au roi en avril 1958, la situation empira apr\u00e8s La formation du gouvernement Balafrej, le mois suivant, un gouvernement ”\u00a0homog\u00e8ne” certes marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019arriv\u00e9 de ministres de l\u2019aile gauche du parti\u00a0\u00bb. Michel Abitbol, Histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, imprim\u00e9 en France, 2000, P .555 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 1908\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 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    – \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 1955 2001<\/strong> … \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635.200.<\/p>\n

    – \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0643. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 “\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645”\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c 1996. \u0635.58. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

  24. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 29\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010\u060c \u0635 12-18. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 1955 2001. \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a IDGL\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635.183. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635.183. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  27. \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c” \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a… \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a… \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629”\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2010\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  28. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>… \u0645.\u0633\u060c\u064b.50. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  29. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong> … \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635.469. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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  31. . \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a <\/strong>… \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635.469. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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  33. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629”… \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635. 202-233. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  34. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c ” \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062c… \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 ” \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 2\/10\/2012. www.maghress.com\/almassae\/164477<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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  36. \n

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    \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a1 1 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 – \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: siteilham17@gmail.com HNSJ, 2024, 5(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj51\/5 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8710","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8710"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8756,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8710\/revisions\/8756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}