{"id":7790,"date":"2023-09-01T13:13:47","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T13:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=7790"},"modified":"2023-09-01T13:13:52","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T13:13:52","slug":"4-9-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-9-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <a href=\"mailto:mohamedouabd8@gmail.com\">mohamedouabd8@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">HNSJ, 2023, 4(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj491<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1\u062f\u0648\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a-\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646-\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629-\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-1.pdf\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/09\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 04\/08\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8221;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; 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https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj491<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Published at 01\/09\/2023 Accepted at 04\/08\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Through this study, titled &#8220;The Role of the Tourism Industry in Stabilizing the Population of the\u00a0mauritanien oasis of ouadane&#8221; we aim to reveal the elements of tourism in the study area, highlight the level and types of tourism traffic, and know the role of the tourism industry in stabilizing its population. In order to achieve these goals, we followed the path of the descriptive, analytical and inductive approach, which led us to the conclusion that the oasis of ouadane is full of diverse tourism potentials that allowed the establishment of a tourism industry that contributed to the stabilization of its residents, but it needs to search for ways to meet the challenges it suffers from and value the elements it enjoys.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>Tourism industry \u2013 Population stabilization \u2013 Oasis \u2013 Ouadane \u2013 Mauritania.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 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justify;\"><strong>7 \u2013 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u2013 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 15 \u064827 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 5 \u064817 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 1030700 \u0643\u0644\u0645<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 2013 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 3.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1 \u2013 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0644 11 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064838 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064853 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f 174 \u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 120778 \u0643\u0644\u0645<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 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src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.Word\\IMG-20220702-WA0005.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4.jpeg 1700w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4-232x300.jpeg 232w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4-791x1024.jpeg 791w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4-768x994.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4-1187x1536.jpeg 1187w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4-1583x2048.jpeg 1583w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-4-9x12.jpeg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2 \u2013 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"318\" class=\"wp-image-7792\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-12.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\_MG_5021.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-12.jpeg 477w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-12-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-12-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"311\" class=\"wp-image-7793\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-13.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629548195130.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-13.jpeg 552w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-13-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-13-18x10.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-13-135x75.jpeg 135w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"323\" class=\"wp-image-7794\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-14.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629552243746.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-14.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-14-300x202.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-14-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.randozon.com\">www.randozon.com<\/a>, \u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 sahara mauritanie \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-7790-_Toc120454786\"><\/a><strong>2 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1835 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 (2) \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"368\" class=\"wp-image-7795\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639172347838-1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\Facebook\\FB_IMG_1639172347838.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639172347838-1-1.jpeg 552w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639172347838-1-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639172347838-1-1-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"280\" class=\"wp-image-7796\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-5.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.Word\\IMG-20220915-WA0001.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-5.jpeg 390w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-5-300x215.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-5-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"wp-image-7797\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-15.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629554693468.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-15.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-15-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-15-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-15-360x270.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-15-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"414\" class=\"wp-image-7798\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639244954644-1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\Facebook\\FB_IMG_1639244954644.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639244954644-1-1.jpeg 552w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639244954644-1-1-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639244954644-1-1-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639244954644-1-1-360x270.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-facebook-fb_img_1639244954644-1-1-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"466\" height=\"312\" class=\"wp-image-7799\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-6.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.Word\\2376.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-6.jpeg 466w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-6-300x201.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-6-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"309\" class=\"wp-image-7800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-7.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.Word\\mauritania-adrar-ouadane-old-town-ruins-classified-as-world-heritage-B9MCHF.JPG\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-7.jpeg 420w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-7-300x221.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-7-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-tempor-7-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: www.alamy.com, \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c 2019 \u060c 2021<a id=\"post-7790-_Toc120454787\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0638&#8230;\u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0647\u064a&#8230;\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-16\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-17\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-18\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-19\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0648\u0631 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"405\" class=\"wp-image-7801\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-16.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\B9MBYK.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-16.jpeg 551w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-16-300x221.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-16-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-16-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"414\" class=\"wp-image-7802\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-17.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629552725461.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-17.jpeg 552w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-17-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-17-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-17-360x270.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-17-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"214\" class=\"wp-image-7803\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-18.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629555737604.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-18.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-18-300x201.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-18-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alamy.com\">www.alamy.com<\/a>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-7790-_Toc120454788\"><\/a><strong>4 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-20\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641&#8230;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643&#8230;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 4 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0648\u0631(4 ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"217\" class=\"wp-image-7804\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-19.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\126.type3-meyateg-pl110de-bordes_vernet_gonzalez2010-copie-copie.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-19.jpeg 567w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-19-300x115.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-19-18x7.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"368\" class=\"wp-image-7805\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-20.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629549145089.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-20.jpeg 552w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-20-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-20-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"wp-image-7806\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-21.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629551724883.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-21.jpeg 480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-21-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-21-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-21-360x270.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-21-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alamy.com\">www.alamy.com<\/a>, \u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 sahahra mauritanie \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 (2) \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0638 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"456\" class=\"wp-image-7807\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-music-pictures-1-1.png\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Music\\Pictures\\\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0638.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-music-pictures-1-1.png 567w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-music-pictures-1-1-300x241.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-music-pictures-1-1-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.e.wordpress.com\">www.e.wordpress.com<\/a><a id=\"post-7790-_Toc120454790\"><\/a>\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0644\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0634\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>7 \u2013 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642):<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>1997<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0641\u0635\u0643<\/td>\n<td>2000<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0641\u0631\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1994<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 1<\/td>\n<td>2000<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>2005<\/td>\n<td>09<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0644<\/td>\n<td>2007<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-21\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0635<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-22\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">2004<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OUADANE ECOLODGE<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">2019<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<a id=\"post-7790-_Toc120454791\"><\/a>\u060c \u0635\u064a\u0641 2022<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8<strong> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648Armelle Choplin et Lucie Rollier,\u00ab Tourisme et politique en Mauritanie ou comment (re)visiter le Sahara\u00a0: l\u2019exemple de l\u2019Adrar Mauritanie \u00bb, Les Cahiers d\u2019outre-mer [En ligne], 233 | Janvier-Mars 2006, mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2009, consult\u00e9 le 30 avril 2019. URL\u00a0: http\u00a0:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/com\/185 ; DOI\u00a0: 10.4000\/com.185. P14<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0648\u0631 (5) \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"369\" class=\"wp-image-7808\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-22.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629595483390.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-22.jpeg 552w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-22-300x201.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-22-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"318\" class=\"wp-image-7809\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-23.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\_MG_4991.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-23.jpeg 477w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-23-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-23-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"474\" height=\"316\" class=\"wp-image-7810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-24.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\pc\\Desktop\\\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646 2\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\FB_IMG_1629549883970.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-24.jpeg 474w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-24-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/c-users-pc-desktop-2-1-24-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.randozone.com\">www.randozone.com<\/a>, \u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 sahara mauritanie \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u2013 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1 \u2013 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-26\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u0645 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628509 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1988\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 13.77 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2013\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628305 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 8.25 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>2013<\/td>\n<td>2000<\/td>\n<td>1988<\/td>\n<td>1909<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3973<\/td>\n<td>3695<\/td>\n<td>3186<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2) \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2013 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2000 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2 \u2013 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-7790-footnote-ref-32\" href=\"#post-7790-footnote-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u064a\u0641 2022<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0635 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\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645-\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c &#8221;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628)&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c 2020.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (\u062f \u0646)\u060c (\u062f \u0645)\u060c 1997.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5) \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635)\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2007.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 1987.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c 1995.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u2013\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 8\u060c 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c 2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">11) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c 2015.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c 1997.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">14) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">15) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">16) \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">17) \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0643<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">18) \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19) \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">20) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 01 \u2013 01 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">21) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0634\u0634\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 03 \u2013 09 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">22) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 15 \u2013 08 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">23) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u2013 08 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">24) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 31 \u2013 12 \u2013 2021\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">25) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c 01 \u2013 01 \u2013 2022<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">26) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 31 &#8211; 12 \u2013 2021<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">27) \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 30 \u2013 08 &#8211; 2022<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">28) LECOQUIERRE B., 2008, parcourir la terre \u2013 le voyage, de l\u2019exploration au tourisme, l\u2019harmattan (coll. La-bas). 273 P.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">29) LECOQUIERRE B., 2015, le sahara, un d\u00e9sert mondialis\u00e9, la documentation photographique n\u00b0 8106,\u00a0juillet-aout 2015, la documentation fran\u00e7aise. 64 p<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">30) Adrar en chiffres 2014 \u2013 2018, office national de la statistique, service r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Adrar, Edition 2019. P9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">31) Armelle Choplin et Lucie Rollier,\u00ab Tourisme et politique en Mauritanie ou comment (re)visiter le Sahara\u00a0: l\u2019exemple de l\u2019Adrar Mauritanie \u00bb, Les Cahiers d\u2019outre-mer [En ligne], 233 | Janvier-Mars 2006, mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2009, consult\u00e9 le 30 avril 2019. URL\u00a0: http\u00a0:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/com\/185 ; DOI\u00a0: 10.4000\/com.185. P14<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">32) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.randozon.com\">www.randozon.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">33) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alamy.com\">www.alamy.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">34) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.diplomatie.gov.mr\">www.diplomatie.gov.mr<\/a><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c &#8221;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628)&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635169 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2001\u060c \u063527 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645-\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635170. <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (\u062f \u0646)\u060c (\u062f \u0645)\u060c 1997\u060c \u063525 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 31 \u2013 07 \u2013 2023\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.diplomatie.gov.mr\">www.diplomatie.gov.mr<\/a> <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adrar en chiffres 2014 \u2013 2018, office national de la statistique, service r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Adrar, Edition 2019. P9 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 16 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 15 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c 1995\u060c \u0635 43 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 1987\u060c \u0635 71 &#8211; 72 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0645. <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f 1902\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 2000. <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">LECOQUIERRE B., 2008, parcourir la terre \u2013 le voyage, de l\u2019exploration au tourisme, l\u2019harmattan (coll. La-bas). 273 P. <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">LECOQUIERRE B., 2015, le sahara, un d\u00e9sert mondialis\u00e9, la documentation photographique n\u00b0 8106,\u00a0juillet-aout 2015, la documentation fran\u00e7aise. 64 p <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 30 \u2013 08 &#8211; 2022 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c 1997\u060c \u063510 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u063512 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c 01 \u2013 01 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 31 &#8211; 12 \u2013 2021\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u2013\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 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id=\"post-7790-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635)\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2007\u060c \u06352 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 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id=\"post-7790-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0635 25 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 01 \u2013 01 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0634\u0634\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 03 \u2013 09 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 15 \u2013 08 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-7790-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u2013 08 \u2013 2022\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 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\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. <a href=\"#post-7790-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06461 1 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mohamedouabd8@gmail.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj491 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7790","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7790"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7811,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7790\/revisions\/7811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}