{"id":7582,"date":"2023-08-01T04:30:05","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T04:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=7582"},"modified":"2023-08-01T04:30:10","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T04:30:10","slug":"4-8-20","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-8-20\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06461<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mo.elkinany@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4820<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/07\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Employing dependency theory in re-characterizing the Verbal sentence<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mohamed Suleiman Hassan1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Ministry of Education – Arab Republic of Egypt<\/p>\n

Email: Mo.elkinany@yahoo.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4820<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/08\/2023 Accepted at 21\/07\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The study aims to re-describe the rules of grammatical structure in the light of the theory of dependency grammar established by Lucien Tesni\u00e8re , which is based on identifying the bilateral relationships between the vocabulary of the sentence, with the verb being the head of all parts of the sentence. The researcher has seen the use of verbal clues in describing the asymmetric relationships between the parts of the constituent in the form of dependence, each constituent includes \u2013 at least \u2013 two parts, represents the first part of the (head) and represents the second part (dependent), the word head has the largest role in the synthetic analysis, which is \u2013 mostly \u2013 is a major component in the sentence.<\/p>\n

Through the study of the evidence of harmony between the vocabulary, we can recharacterize the linguistic constituents according to a computational logic that prepares the linguistic material for the automatic processing of the constituent, which is a first step in the automatic analysis of the sentence grammatically, so that the words represent the head of the basic components in the structure of the sentence and the tails of what grammarians called waste, and by setting aside these wastes, we can reach an automatic perception of the components of the sentence to build a grammatical analyzer for the Arabic sentence.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Dependency- Grammar -verbal sentence<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

2- \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

3- \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

5- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Natural language processing) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u2013\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b- \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (1)<\/p>\n

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    \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627\u00bb([16]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 ([17]<\/a><\/sup>)sprachform\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a -\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0622\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648- \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u00bb([18]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

    2- \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 Verb centrality<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f predicate \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u00a0subject\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 Verb centrality \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u00bb([19]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0647 .<\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (2)<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n

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    3-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 Stemmas<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 Stemmas \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 350 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u00bb([21]<\/a><\/sup>). \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a Connections\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 \u2013\u0625\u0630\u0646- \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0650\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064aHierarchical \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0626\u062a \u0642\u0644 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (3)<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a Hierarchical structure\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a<\/strong> Linear order <\/strong>([22]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u00a0Centripetal languages\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 <\/strong>Centrifugal languages.<\/p>\n

    4- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (4)<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0630\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 Centrifugal languages\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 Centripetal languages<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0622\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 – \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644)<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (5)<\/p>\n

    \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u062f\u062e\u0644) \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u062f\u062e\u0644) \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 -\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (6)<\/p>\n

    \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a([23]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

    5- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 <\/strong> valancy<\/strong>([24]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 valancy \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629([25]<\/a><\/sup>). \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 :<\/p>\n

    1- \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626(Avalent verbs) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0645\u0627\u062a) \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

    2- \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 (Monovalent verbs) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0641\u0640(\u0633\u0627\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0646\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645.<\/p>\n

    3- \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 (Divalent verbs): \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629).<\/p>\n

    4- \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a (Trivalent verbs): \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u00bb([26]<\/a><\/sup>)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

    6- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 Actants vs. circumstants<\/h3>\n

    \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 Actants \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0627([27]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 Circumstants <\/strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627([28]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0647 (\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646) \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0626\u062a \u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (7)<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644([29]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

    7- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 Transfer<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 (Transfer) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (270 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629)([30]<\/a><\/sup>) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a :<\/p>\n

    1- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 2- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 3- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a 4- \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a([31]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644- \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627([32]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 (le livre de Pierre<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 (Pierre<\/em>) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 (de<\/em>) \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627([33]<\/a><\/sup>)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \u0625\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0646 T. Osborne .<\/p>\n

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    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (8)<\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (11)<\/p>\n

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    \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u062f (Nodes)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: (\u062d\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0642\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (12)<\/p>\n

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    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644: (13)<\/p>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

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    \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 (2008)- \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u06371.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1431\u0647)- \u0635\u0640 44- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646- \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u062f.\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 (1431\u0647\u0640)\u2013 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064a- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u062f.\u0637<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f (2000) – \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/a>– \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f. \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0645- 1\/235- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u062f.\u0637.<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a (1998)\u2013 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062d \u2013\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u06371 .<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a(\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0663)- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636- \u0637 1 .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649(2007)- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646- \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649- \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u06371 .<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644(1988)\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 -\u062f\u0637.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642( 2015\u0645) – \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u2013 \u06371<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Igor A. Mel\u2019\u010duk (1988)- A Dependency Syntax : Theory and Practice SUNY Series in Linguistics- State University of New York Press-<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Joakim Nivre- Dependency Grammar and Dependency Parsing-https:\/\/cl.lingfil.uu.se\/~nivre\/docs\/05133.pdf<\/p>\n

            Kruijff, G.-J. M. (2002). Formal and computational aspects of dependency grammar: History and development of DG, Technical report<\/em>, ESSLLI.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Ralph Debusmann (2000) -An Introduction to Dependency Grammar -Universit\u00a8 at des Saarlandes Computerlinguistik rade@coli.uni-sb.de<\/a> January .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Tesni\u00e8re, Lucien (2015).\u00a0Elements of Structural Syntax. Translated by Timothy Osborne and Sylvain Kahane<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). John Benjamins.\u00a0ISBN<\/a>\u00a0978-90-272-6999-7. @<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Timothy Osborne (2019) -A Dependency Grammar of English – An introduction and beyond- Zhejiang University- John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam \/ Philadelphia-<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                https:\/\/e3arabi.com\/literature\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-pa%E1%B9%87ini<\/a><\/p>\n

                https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_note-19<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. () Timothy Osborne (2019) -A Dependency Grammar of English – An introduction and beyond- Zhejiang University- John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam \/ Philadelphia- P33 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                2. () Kruijff, G.-J. M. (2002). Formal and computational aspects of dependency grammar: History and development of DG, Technical report<\/em>, ESSLLI-2002. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                3. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/e3arabi.com\/literature\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-pa%E1%B9%87ini<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                4. () \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642( 2015\u0645) – \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0635\u0640 73 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u2013 \u06371 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                5. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/hmn.wiki\/ar\/Dependent_%28grammar%29 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                6. () \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1431\u0647)- \u0635\u0640 44- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646- \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u062f.\u0637\u2013 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                7. () \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (1431\u0647\u0640)\u2013 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 – \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064a- 3\/270-\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u062f.\u0637 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                8. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 (2008)- \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 2\/947 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u06371. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                9. () \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (1998)\u2013 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062d \u2013 4\/1907- \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u06371 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                10. () \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f (2000) – \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/a>– \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f. \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0645- 1\/235- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u062f.\u0637. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                11. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649(2007)- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646- \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649- \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u06371 – 5\/2 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                12. () \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0663)- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636- \u0637:1 \u2013 6\/346 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                13. () Tesni\u00e8re, Lucien (2015).\u00a0Elements of Structural Syntax. Translated by Timothy Osborne and Sylvain Kahane<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(PDF). John Benjamins.\u00a0ISBN<\/a>\u00a0978-90-272-6999-7.p.1 @ \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                14. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_ref-27 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                15. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                16. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                17. () Tesni\u00e8re (1966(:p.34 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                18. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_ref-27 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                19. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                20. () Tesni\u00e8re (2015). P 48-49 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                21. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_ref-27 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                22. () Tesni\u00e8re (1966(p.19. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                23. () \u00a0Tesni\u00e8re (1966)p.33 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                24. () \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (97) \u0625\u0644\u0649 (119 ) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: 238- 280Tesni\u00e8re (1966)p. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                25. () https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_note-19 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                26. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_note-19 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                27. () Tesni\u00e8re (1966)p.120 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                28. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_note-19 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                29. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_note-19 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                30. () Timothy Osborne. P100 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                31. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_note-19 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                32. () Joakim Nivre- Dependency Grammar and Dependency Parsing- P.7 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                33. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n

                  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucien_Tesni%C3%A8re#cite_note-19 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                34. () Igor A. Mel\u2019\u010duk – Dependency Syntax : Theory and Practice SUNY Series in Linguistics- 1988 – State University of New York Press- p13 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                35. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                36. () Timothy Osborne. P33 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                37. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                38. () Ralph Debusmann (2000) -An Introduction to Dependency Grammar -Universit\u00a8 at des Saarlandes Computerlinguistik rade@coli.uni-sb.de<\/a> January – p3 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                39. () Timothy Osborne .P2 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                40. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635\u0640 33 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                41. () Timothy Osborne. P33 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                42. () \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644(1988)\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628- \u062f.\u0637- \u0635\u0640414- 415. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                43. () Timothy Osborne. P34 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                44. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 (n) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (Node). \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                45. \n

                  () Timothy Osborne.P41-40 \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06461 1 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mo.elkinany@yahoo.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4820 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/07\/2023\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7582","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7582"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7643,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7582\/revisions\/7643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}