{"id":7577,"date":"2023-08-01T04:19:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T04:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=7577"},"modified":"2023-08-01T04:19:35","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T04:19:35","slug":"4-8-14","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-8-14\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u064e\u063a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u06441<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: maghnia.elqandil@gmail.com<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4814<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 16\/07\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Reason and language in the balance of philosophers<\/p>\n

Maghnia Elqandil1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD researcher, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco.<\/p>\n

Email: maghnia.elqandil@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Mohamed Belhassan \/ Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ibn Tufail University<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4814<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/08\/2023 Accepted at 16\/07\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Philosophers paid great attention to reason and language, for the relationship of intentionality between them and that binds them to the world, and this article examines with an analytical and deductive approach the sincerity of intentionality in naming things and the extent of its impact on reality, which brings us to the origin of naming things, which is the subject of the dialogue of Socrates and Gratilius, which concluded them to the results of the origin of existence.and that there is no way for the mind to know languages except through education,\u00a0 and there is no way for education without the knowledge of the first teacher, and that metaphysic imprisoned the minds of philosophers in submission to the unseen.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>reason- language-philosophers.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u064e\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 :”\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647\u0627”[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644: “\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u0623\u0646\u0627”[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a: “\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629”[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628[4]<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0621\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633”: “\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.”[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 : “\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0645”[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631”[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633: \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 “[12]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0630\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

“\u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 : \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0646 – \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0643”[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647: “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c .. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644”[14]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u061f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

*\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n

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*\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 1984 \u0645<\/p>\n

* \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u06451997 \u0645<\/p>\n

*\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1384\u0647\u0640<\/p>\n

*\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 1427\u0645<\/p>\n

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*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1994 \u0645<\/p>\n

*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648 \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a 2007\u0645<\/p>\n

*\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1420 \u0647\u0640<\/p>\n

*\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 1995\u0645<\/p>\n

*\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f www.saaid.net<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c(1994 \u0645) “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a “\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c 2 \u0635 84 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c1403\u0647\u0640 “\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a”\u060c\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c 1 \u0635 151 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c(1994 \u0645) “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a “\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c 2 \u0635 84 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c “\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646” \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: www.saaid.net<\/a> \u062c 1 \u0635 19 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c(1995) “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648” \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u063570 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c1403\u0647\u0640 “\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a”\u060c\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c 1 \u0635 191 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c(1994 \u0645) “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a “\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c 2 \u0635 286 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2007)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635 30 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c (1427\u0645)\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\n

    \u0635 202 \u0648 203 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

  10. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c (1427\u0645)\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 ” \u0635 128 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635 203 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635 204 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635 205 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a 1997\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c 4 \/1961 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c (1984 \u0645)\u060c ” \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c 1\u0635 409 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a (1384\u0647\u0640) “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 ” “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c 1 \u0635282 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. \n

    \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c1420 \u0647\u0640\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062c2\u0635 397 \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0645\u064e\u063a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u06441 1 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: maghnia.elqandil@gmail.com \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7577","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7577"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7637,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7577\/revisions\/7637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}