{"id":7368,"date":"2023-07-01T09:48:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T09:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=7368"},"modified":"2023-07-01T09:48:33","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T09:48:33","slug":"4-7-17","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-7-17\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1875-1878 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4717<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/07\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 17\/06\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875-1878 in the eyes of European diplomacy<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4717<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/07\/2023 Accepted at 17\/06\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The issue of the Ottoman State destiny and its belongings, which has been known in the political history as ( The Eastern Issue), occupies a distinct place in the European diplomacy during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries A.C. In brief, the Eastern Issue encompasses all the problems relevant to the internal collapse of the Ottoman State, the people’s revolutions who were under its control, the interrelated and clashing interests of the European states in the Ottoman Empire, and the role of these states in the Ottoman collapse.<\/p>\n

The term (the Eastern Issue) refers to the European politics towards the Ottoman Empire and the extent of response of the latter to these politics during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries A.C. till the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War (1914-1918). The Europeans have deployed this term to refer to the politics concerned with the Ottoman State or ( “The Sick Man”) , as called by the Caesar of Czar Russia (Nicolas 1). Precisely, it has referred to this deteriorating state and the reduced role of the Ottoman control in Europe and the Arab East, where a noticeable change in the Ottoman State power in the global system took place.<\/p>\n

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– \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (1798- 1802 \u0645 ).<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (1831- 1929 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

– \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1831 \u2013 1842 \u0645 )<\/p>\n

– \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a ( 1853 \u2013 1856 \u0645 ) \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a ( 1877 \u20131878 \u0645 ).<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 (26)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632(30)<\/sup> Abdul Aziz) ) ( 1861 \u2013 1876\u0645((31)<\/sup>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1876\u0645 \u061b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( MidhatPasha ) ( 1860-1869\u0645) (32)<\/sup> \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (33)<\/sup>(Abdul Hamid II ( ( 1876- 1909 \u0645)(34)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 (Congress of Verona) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1822\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1821\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ([9]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c ” \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629” ([20]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0632\u062e \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 ([21]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (The Integrity of the Ottoman Empire) \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 . \u062d\u064a\u062b ” \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f ” \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 (Bosphorus) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0644 (Dardanelles) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 ([22]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062c (George Canning) (1822-1827\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0643 (Stratford Canning) (1842-1858\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 (Lord Strat ford De Redcliffe) (1842-1858\u0645)\u060c \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1826\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1832\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ([23]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 (Lord H.J.Palmerstone) (1859-1865\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a (Lord Ponsonby) (1832-1842\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0641\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627” ([24]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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