{"id":7265,"date":"2023-06-14T22:23:38","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T22:23:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=7265"},"modified":"2023-06-14T22:23:38","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T22:23:38","slug":"4-6-23","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-6-23\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u0648\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: qasemalhariri345@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4623<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/06\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/05\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The impact of the Turkish language on enriching the Arabic dictionary<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qasem Ahmad AL Hariri1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> MSc researcher, Yalova University, Turkey, Faculty of Islamic Science, majoring in the Arabic language.<\/p>\n

Email: qasemalhariri345@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4623Published at 01\/06\/2023 Accepted at 15\/05\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The research deals with one of the linguistic phenomena which is the affecting between Arabic and Turkish that is the relation between them goes back to hundreds of years when the Turks entered Islam and it stills to our days.<\/p>\n

The effect of Arabic on Turkish was greater than the effect of Turkish on Arabic, but the Turkish enriched the Arabic dictionary with many vocabularies.<\/p>\n

So this research comes to show some examples of these vocabularies which entered the Arabic dictionary affected by the Turkish language and to show how these words entered and how Turkish improved the meanings of some Arabic words.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>effect, enrich, Arabic dictionary, Turkish language<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \ufd3f\u064a\u064e\u0670\u0653\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0671\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u06e1\u0646\u064e\u0670\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0656 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0646\u062b\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u06e1\u0646\u064e\u0670\u0643\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0634\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0657\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0653\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e \u200c\u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0653\u0627\u0652\u06da\ufd3e[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u064d \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
    2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
    3. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f: \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f: \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 _\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644_ \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 (Basma):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651:<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[3]<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0628\u0639. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 (\u0628\u0635\u0645) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0645\u064f[4]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064c \u0630\u064f\u0648 \u0628\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0645\u064d: \u063a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0638\u064c. \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0628\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0628\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0645\u064c \u0625\u0650\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0644”[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[6]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627. \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

        \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f[7]<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1790\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (1790\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0633\u064f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Devriye)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 (\u062f\u0648\u0631) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650”[8]<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[9]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0633\u064e \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[10]<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[11]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064c\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643 (G\u00fcmr\u00fck)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 ” \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629”[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a[13]<\/a><\/sup>: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0633\u064f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647[14]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c.<\/p>\n

            \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627[15]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0643\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643” \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0130tfaiye) <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong>: \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0623)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0631 “\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0647\u0627”[16]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0651\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0637\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0626\u064e) \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627: (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631[17]<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 “\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621”[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[19]<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n

              \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 _\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629_ \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 (R\u00fcsum)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 (\u0631\u0633\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644[20]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633[21]<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 ” \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f”[22]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637[23]<\/a><\/sup> \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 (\u0631\u0633\u0645) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[24]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631[25]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

                \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Baladiye)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651:<\/strong> \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u0644\u062f) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064f: “\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064d\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062f\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0644\u0627\u062f”[26]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u061b \u0641\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647[27]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a: “\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064e\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f”[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[29]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649[30]<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

                  \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062b\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 _\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629_ \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

                  \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 (Adli saray)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a (\u0642\u0635\u0631) \u0648\u064e (\u0639\u062f\u0644) \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0635\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631”[31]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e: \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u060c \u0642\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0623\u064e\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0647\u064f \u200c\u0642\u064f\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0631”[32]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631[33]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0644\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0644\u064f “\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0644\u064f: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651”[34]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629[36]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629[37]<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644[38]<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

                  \u0641\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0642\u0651\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Adli saray) \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638.<\/li>\n
                  2. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n
                  3. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
                  4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u062f\u064f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n
                    2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n
                    3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0629\u060c 1431\u0647\u0640<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0637\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0651\u0627\u062f\u060c (\u062a393\u0647)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u06374\u060c 1937<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649\u060c (\u062a1205\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 2001\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c (\u062a711\u0647)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u06373\u060c 1414\u0647<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c (\u062a1424\u0647)\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2008<\/li>\n
                            2. Develio\u011flu, Ferit, Osmanl\u0131ca _ T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedik l\u00fcgat, Ayd\u0131n kitapevi yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              T\u00fcrk dil kurumu, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck, Ankara, 1998<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. () \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 13 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              2. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0637\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c 155 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              3. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0629\u060c 1431\u0647\u0640\u060c 1\/60 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              4. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0651\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u06374\u060c 5\/1873 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              5. () \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u06373\u060c 12\/51 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              6. () T\u00fcrk dil kurumu, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/strong> Ankara, 1998, 1\/226 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              7. () \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 2001\u0645\u060c 31\/290 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              8. () \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2\/310 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              9. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 1\/303 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              10. () Develio\u011flu, Ferit, Osmanl\u0131ca _ T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedik l\u00fcgat, Ayd\u0131n kitapevi yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 146 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              11. () T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/strong> 1\/575 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              12. () \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2008\u060c 1\/392 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              13. () Osmanl\u0131ca<\/strong> _<\/strong> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedik l\u00fcgat,<\/strong> 35_673_861_1032 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              14. () T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/strong> 1\/906 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              15. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c 1434\u0647\u060c 5\/317\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 5\/345\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 2\/881 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              16. () \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c 7\/459 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              17. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 2\/559 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              18. () \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2\/1403 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              19. () Osmanl\u0131ca<\/strong> _<\/strong> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedik l\u00fcgat, 537 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/strong> 1\/1122 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              20. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c 7\/252 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              21. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2\/393 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              22. () \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2\/890 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              23. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 2\/595 \u060c 1\/345 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              24. () Osmanl\u0131ca<\/strong> _<\/strong> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedik l\u00fcgat, <\/strong>1053 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              25. () T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/strong> 2\/1871 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              26. () \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c 8\/42 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              27. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2\/449 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              28. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 1\/68 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              29. () Osmanl\u0131ca<\/strong> _<\/strong> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedik l\u00fcgat, <\/strong>93 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              30. () T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/strong> 1\/259 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              31. () \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c 5\/59 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              32. () \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c 5\/100 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              33. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 2\/739 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              34. () \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c 2\/38 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              35. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 2\/588 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              36. () \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2\/1466 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              37. () Osmanl\u0131ca<\/strong> _<\/strong> T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ansiklopedik l\u00fcgat,<\/strong>12 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                              38. \n

                                () T\u00fcrk\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck,<\/strong> 1\/21 \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a1 1 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u0648\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: qasemalhariri345@gmail.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4623 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/06\/2023\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7265","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7265"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7267,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7265\/revisions\/7267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}