{"id":6002,"date":"2023-02-16T18:14:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-16T18:14:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=6002"},"modified":"2023-02-16T18:14:08","modified_gmt":"2023-02-16T18:14:08","slug":"4-2-78","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-2-78\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0631\u06291<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4278<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/01\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Digital transformation and its role in improving the performance of municipalities in Jordan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seham Salim Jaafra 1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Ministry of Local Administration, Greater Karak Municipality, Jordan.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4278<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/02\/2023 Accepted at 21\/01\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The study aimed to demonstrate digital transformation and its role in improving the performance of municipalities in Jordan. The study dealt with the importance of digital transformation as part of the technical and technological revolution within the framework of electronic government. The study showed the importance of digital transformation in the development of Jordanian state institutions in general and municipalities in particular. The study highlighted Pillars of digital transformation and challenges that prevent its implementation in municipalities.<\/p>\n

The study adopted the descriptive approach, through which digital transformation and its role in improving the performance of municipalities in Jordan were clarified, given that digital transformation is one of the modern phenomena that contributed to the development of the performance of institutions.<\/p>\n

The study reached a set of recommendations and results, as the study stressed the importance of digital transformation in the work of municipalities because it contributes to the acceleration and progress of the best work and services for local communities. The study recommended the need for digital transformation in the work of municipalities because it contributes to the acceleration and progress of the best work and services for local communities.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>digital transformation, the role of municipalities, performance<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> : \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 , \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 . \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> : \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> : \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong> : \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a , \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> : \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/li>\n
  2. \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n
  3. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> : \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a , \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 .<\/li>\n
    2. \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n
    3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : <\/strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> : \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 2022<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 <\/strong>: \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 – \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 <\/strong>: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f , \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0640\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 .\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 :<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644, \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 . \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a , \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627, \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0647[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

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      \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062b\u0640\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :[34]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 : \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a : \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 : \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d.<\/li>\n
      4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 : \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/li>\n
      5. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 :\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/li>\n
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        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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        \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a , \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong> : \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/strong> : \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644, \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a , \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n

        \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647<\/strong> : \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n

        \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> : \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a ( \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621, \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a , \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0647) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644.[51]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

        \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> : \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 : \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 :<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.[52]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627 :\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 YouTube \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

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        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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        \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a .<\/li>\n
        3. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
        4. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
        5. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a : \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
          2. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a .<\/li>\n
          3. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n
          4. \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631, \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a(2018).\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f , 5, \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632, \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u062f , \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f ( 2021) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a , 27,\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u0645) \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0640\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 : \u0623\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0640\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 (\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0640\u0644 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a – \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646:.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 , \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a(2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.. \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f, 11, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629, \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f (2000). \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 ,\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0645\u0635\u0631 , \u063537<\/p>\n

            \u062d\u0627\u064a\u0643 , \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0645 (2022). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645, \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c , 5, \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a , \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f (2021)\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 , \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a, 12, \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a (2019). \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0636\u0640\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 )\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 24, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0645\u0635\u0631,<\/p>\n

            \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 (2022). \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061f, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a, 26, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a , \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f (2021).\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629”, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 35 , 8, \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 , \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0645 (2022). \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u201d.. \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 7, \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 ,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 (2019). \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649,\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 , \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f (2018).\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 11 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a, 27, \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646, 15, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 , \u063a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0621 (2022). \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 , 1, \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637, \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 , \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 (2015). \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a, 1, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f (2018). \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0662(\u0669\u0660 ) (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0661\u0668 ). \u060c(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c) \u0645\u0635\u0631 . \u0635\u0661 -\u0668\u0669.<\/p>\n

            \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a , \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631,31, \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a , \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0647 (2022). .\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 ,12, \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646,<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645, \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(2001). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646..<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u2019 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a (2019). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a … \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 .. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 , \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, 30,\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644,\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

            \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 , \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 (2020). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a – \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a( \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631,<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 (2003) \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0640\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u0635 245<\/p>\n

            \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a (2006) \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0640\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 21 , \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 81<\/p>\n

            \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 , \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0647 ( 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a , 24, \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 ,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f ,1, \u0627\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 ( 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.. \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 28, \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f, 24, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f, 31, \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.. \u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u061f , \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f , 23, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 .<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u201d\u061f\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 13, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 ,\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2021). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u201d\u061f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 13, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 ,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645(2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627,\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, 1, \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646, \u0635378<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u064a , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2020). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a, 1, \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637, \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f, \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f( 2020). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 23\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 7\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 ,\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0646\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a , \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d (2022). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629”: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025, \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025, \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629,18, \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2022). \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a”: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621, 22, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646, http:\/\/ujnews2.ju.edu.jo\/Lists\/News\/Disp<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a(2022).\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629, 11, \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 ,\u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a(2022). \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, 10, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646..<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (2021 \u2013 2025\u0645),3\u2019\u2019 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 www.modee.gov.jo\/AR\/\/NewsDetails<\/p>\n

            \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 , \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629( 2012). \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629, 15, \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0631, \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2020). \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, 1, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 , \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 ( 2022). \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 5 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u063a \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 ,1 , \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

            \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

            Berghaus, Sabine and Back, Andrea,(2016) “Stages in Digital Business Transformation: Results of an Empirical Maturity Study” London.<\/p>\n

            Chaniasa, Simon (2019). Digital transformation strategy making in predigital organizations\u201d, Journal of Strategic Information Systems.London.<\/p>\n

            Ivarsson, Frida (2020), Digital and Conventional Matchmaking Similarities, Differences and Tensions, Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.USA<\/p>\n

            Miller, C. (2019). Leading Digital Transformation in Higher Education: A Toolkit for Technology Leaders. In: Qian, Huang, G, Technology Leadership for Innovation in Higher Education, IGI Global, 2019, Chapter 1, 1- 25<\/p>\n

            Ulukan, C. (2005).Transformation of University Organizations: Leadership and Managerial Implications. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 6(4), Article.8, October.turkia<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 (2003) \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0640\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u0635 245 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            2. – \u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u0645) \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0640\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 : \u0623\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0640\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 (\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0640\u0644 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a – \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646:. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            3. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f, 24, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            4. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f, 31, \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            5. – \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646, 15, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            6. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u064a , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2020). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a, 1, \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637, \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            7. – \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629, \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f (2000). \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 ,\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0645\u0635\u0631 , \u063537 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            8. – \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u062f , \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f ( 2021) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a , 27,\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            9. – \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 , \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629( 2012). \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629, 15, \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            10. – \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a(2022). \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, 10, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            11. – \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a (2006) \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0640\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 21 , \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 81 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            12. – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f, \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f( 2020). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 23\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 7\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 ,\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0646\u0635\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            13. – Berghaus, Sabine and Back, Andrea,(2016) “Stages in Digital Business Transformation: Results of an Empirical Maturity Study” London. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            14. – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 , \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a(2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.. \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f, 11, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            15. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f ,1, \u0627\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            16. – \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f (2018).\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 11 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a, 27, \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            17. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 ( 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.. \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 28, \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            18. – Chaniasa, Simon (2019). Digital transformation strategy making in predigital organizations\u201d, Journal of Strategic Information Systems.London. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            19. – \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 , \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0647 ( 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a , 24, \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 ,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            20. – \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 (2021 \u2013 2025\u0645),3\u2019\u2019 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 www.modee.gov.jo\/AR\/\/NewsDetails \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            21. – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u2019 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a (2019). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a … \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 .. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 , \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, 30,\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644,\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            22. – \u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 (2022). \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061f, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a, 26, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            23. – \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a , \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d (2022). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629”: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025, \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025, \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629,18, \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            24. – \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 , \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0645 (2022). \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u201d.. \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 7, \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 ,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            25. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 ,\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2021). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u201d\u061f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 13, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 ,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            26. – \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 , \u063a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0621 (2022). \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629, \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 , 1, \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637, \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            27. – Ivarsson, Frida (2020), Digital and Conventional Matchmaking Similarities, Differences and Tensions, Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.USA \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            28. – \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 , \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 ( 2022). \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 5 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u063a \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 ,1 , \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            29. – Miller, C. (2019). Leading Digital Transformation in Higher Education: A Toolkit for Technology Leaders. In: Qian, Huang, G, Technology Leadership for Innovation in Higher Education, IGI Global, 2019, Chapter 1, 1- 25 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            30. – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a (2019). \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0636\u0640\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 )\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 24, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0645\u0635\u0631, \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            31. – \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f (2018). \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0662(\u0669\u0660 ) (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0661\u0668 ). \u060c(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c) \u0645\u0635\u0631 . \u0635\u0661 -\u0668\u0669. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            32. – Ulukan, C. (2005).Transformation of University Organizations: Leadership and Managerial Implications. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 6(4), Article.8, October.turkia \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            33. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.. \u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u061f , \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f , 23, \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            34. – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a , \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0647 (2022). .\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 ,12, \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646, \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            35. – \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a , \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631,31, \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            36. – \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f , \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u062c\u062f(2021). \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            37. – \u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631, \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a(2018).\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a, \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f , 5, \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632, \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            38. -\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (2022). \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            39. – \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a , \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f (2021).\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629”, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 35 , 8, \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            40. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a, \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645(2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627,\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 ,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, 1, \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646, \u0635378 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            41. – \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (2022). \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            42. – \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 (2019). \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649,\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 , \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a , \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            43. – \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 , \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 (2015). \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629, \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a, 1, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            44. – \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (2022). \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            45. – \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2022). \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a”: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621, 22, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646, http:\/\/ujnews2.ju.edu.jo\/Lists\/News\/Disp \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            46. – \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2020). \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a, 1, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            47. – \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 , \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 (2020). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a – \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a( \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631, \u0635201 \u2013 211. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            48. – \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a(2022).\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629, 11, \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 ,\u0645\u0635\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            49. – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645, \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(2001). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646.. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            50. – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a , \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f (2021)\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 , \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a, 12, \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            51. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2022). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u201d\u061f\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f , 13, \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            52. – \u062d\u0627\u064a\u0643 , \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0645 (2022). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645, \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c , 5, \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
            53. \n

              – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a , \u0646\u0634\u0627\u062a (2022) \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0631\u06291 1 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4278 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/01\/2023\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6002","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6002"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6002\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6006,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6002\/revisions\/6006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}