{"id":5399,"date":"2023-01-02T06:36:38","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T06:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5399"},"modified":"2023-01-02T06:36:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T06:36:43","slug":"4-1-24","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-1-24\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062d1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <\/a>reemmfareh@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4124<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/12\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The mind map strategy in teaching grammar to non-Arabic speakers<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reem Khalil Mfareh1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Master’s student in the Department of Arabic Language Education at Istanbul Ayd\u0131n University, Turkey.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4124<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/01\/2023 Accepted at 15\/12\/2022 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The field of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers is witnessing developments in theories, methods, and strategies for teaching it. After the revolution of science and technology, interest in interdisciplinary science emerged, and shed light on the mystical theory (theory of mind), which studies the foundations of mental perception of a neurolinguistic study. The Arabic language is characterized by the diversity of its arts, and its characteristics that are unique to it from other languages, and the most prominent of these characteristics is the syntax, which is based on familiarity with the rules of Arabic grammar, which the tongue bases, understands the discourse, and studies the word systems within the sentence, and because the grammar material is very complex, and the details are accurate, the element of suspense in learning it decreases and its rules are difficult to remember for non-Arabic speakers, hence the need to use strategies to develop mental abilities and skills, in order to develop the student’s ability to link, perceive and ease of remembering. Mind maps are one of the most important teaching strategies that activate the right and left brain lobes, so the mind works as a harmonious unit to organize, save and easily retrieve ideas, mind maps work to organize information in the lesson in a manifold manner that is very similar to the human neuron, so the mind makes links between those points so it is easy to save them in memory, and some studies indicate that the mind map strategy has an effective role in removing learning difficulties, developing self-confidence, strengthening memory, educational achievement and rapid review For lessons, problem solving.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Mind map, grammar, non-Arabic speakers<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>: \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0662<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a)<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637: \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630: \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0669<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 “\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646” \u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0665\u066a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (\u0661\u0665) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064c \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0647: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639: \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0629… \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0643: \u0642\u0635\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0635\u062f\u0627\u064b.”[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 “\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.”[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u0629: “\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u064f\u0633 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a”[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n