{"id":5288,"date":"2023-01-02T02:32:36","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T02:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5288"},"modified":"2023-01-02T02:32:42","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T02:32:42","slug":"4-1-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/4-1-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Rsh104@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ\u060c 2023\u060c 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj411<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 02\/12\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 1443 \u06be\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u064c \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 . \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0651\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u2013 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Critical Thinking and Learning Skills in the Digital Age<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Reality and Hope”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rasha Saleh Hussein Al-Mahlawi 1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Tabuk University\u060c Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

Email: Rsh104@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ\u060c 2023\u060c 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj411<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/01\/2023 Accepted at 02\/12\/2022 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The aim of the research is to identify critical thinking skills and their role in learning in the digital age\u060c as well as the goal of formulating recommendations for developing critical thinking skills as requirements for learning in the digital age. Judgments and generalizations are built on it\u060c and it is the most suitable research methodology for the nature of the subject. The study took place in the second semester of the academic year 1443 AH. The research reached some recommendations and proposals related to the development of critical thinking as a requirement for learning in the digital age as follows:<\/p>\n

There must be a push to reduce the cost of digital content so that learners can access it easily.<\/p>\n

\u2022 The need to prepare a teacher who is able to teach critical thinking skills and to create suitable environments for teaching and practicing this type of thinking.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Work must be done to increase confidence in digital learning methods.<\/p>\n

\u2022 The full conviction of those in charge of education of the importance of critical thinking and its role in building a citizen compatible with the requirements of the times and its variables.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Introduce learners to the importance of critical thinking in contemporary life.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Provide learners with information about the nature\u060c functions and stages of critical thinking.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Developing positive attitudes among learners towards learning and teaching critical thinking.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Providing learners with critical thinking abilities and skills.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Developing learners’ abilities to teach critical thinking and including their teaching methods.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Providing teachers with the ability to measure and evaluate the critical thinking skills of their students<\/p>\n

\u2022 The focus should be on creating the necessary infrastructure to be able to map the skills gap and predict what skills will be needed.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Focus on the learner and help people who lack digital skills\u060c including critical thinking skills.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Critical Thinking – Learning Skills – The Digital Age<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b ([9]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 ([10]<\/a><\/sup>)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629 ([11]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a : ([12]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p>\n

– \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

– \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n

2- \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u061f<\/p>\n

3- \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u061f<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 1443 \u06be.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639([13]<\/a><\/sup>) .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a .<\/p>\n

2- \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 – \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2 – \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

3 – \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 .<\/p>\n

4 – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

\ufd3f\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0647\u0644\u0652 \u064a\u0633\u064e\u062a\u0648\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\ufd3e.((\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 9)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 ([14]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: “\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642” ([15]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>)<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 ([16]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629.([18]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c ([19]<\/a><\/sup>) .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0631 (2018): ( [20]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0651\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0651\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0651\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0651\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u0651 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0651\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0644\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u0651<\/p>\n

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1. \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0651\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3. \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0651\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

2. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0642\u0651\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0651\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0651\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0651\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0651\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0651\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0651\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0651\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0651\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0651\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

2- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644) (Demiral) 2018) ([21]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

3– \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u062f (2019) \ud83d\ude41[22]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

-1 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/h1>\n

-2 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

-3 \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n

\u0623- \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628 – \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n

4- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a (2019) ( [23]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u060c\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

5- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2020) \ud83d\ude41[24]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 308 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 2019-2020 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 2012\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f .<\/p>\n

6- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2021) \ud83d\ude41[25]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u060c\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 16 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u062d\u062a\u0649 23 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 3 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647 .<\/p>\n

7– \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 (2021) : ([26]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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8- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 (2022) : ([27]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0623\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2018\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629 ([28]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064d \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u2018\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u2019 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u062a \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0651\u062b\u0651\u064f\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631) \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629)<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629)<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064a\u064e\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0651\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0651\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0651\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0651\u064a\u0648\u064a Dewey \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u064a\u0646 1910-1939)) \u0648\u0651\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0651\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0651\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0643\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0651\u0641\u0643\u0631) How we think? \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0651\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0651\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Inquiry) \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0648)\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a( \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0651\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0623\u0651\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0651\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0651\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 Edward Glasser \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0651\u0627\u0645\u064a (1940 \u2013 1961) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0651\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0651\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0651\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061b \u0644\u0651\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0651\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0630\u0651\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0651\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0651\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0651\u0644\u0643\u0651 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0651\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0651\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 Robert Ennis \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0651\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0651\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0651\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0651\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0651\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0651\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u064a\u06461961 -1979) ) \u0628\u0651\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0651\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0651\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0651\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0651\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0651\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0651\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0651\u0644\u0643\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0651\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0651\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0651\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0633 Ennis \u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0651\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (1980-1992) ([29]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

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