{"id":5030,"date":"2022-12-03T10:20:38","date_gmt":"2022-12-03T10:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5030"},"modified":"2022-12-03T10:20:41","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T10:20:41","slug":"3-12-9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-12-9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06461<\/sup><\/strong> \u0623 \u200c. \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627_ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: kabas14@gmail.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \/ \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3129<\/p>\n

Download
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 06\/11\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Omani role in spreading Islamic civilization in the Malay world<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Adam Mohammed Hassan 1<\/sup> Habib Marhoon Al-Hadi 2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Associate Professor of Modern History, Nyala University, Sudan<\/p>\n

Email: kabas14@gmail.com<\/p>\n

2 <\/sup>PhD student in history, Ministry of Education \/ Sultanate of Oman<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3129<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/12\/2022 Accepted at 06\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

God has prepared for his religion faithful servants who raised the banner of calling to God in various places, and among these callers to the truth were the people of Oman, as they made great advocacy efforts in order to support Islam and its civilization, whose light shone throughout the earth. Its peoples to become one of the largest areas in the world that includes a high percentage of Muslims and is a vast distance from the first home of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula.<\/p>\n

This research paper aims to shed light on the efforts of the Omanis in spreading the Islamic call in the Malay Archipelago. This study relies on the descriptive-analytical approach, as it paves the way to talk about Oman\u2019s historical position and commercial importance, and the Omanis\u2019 interest in spreading the Islamic call in large areas of the Indian Ocean in general and the Malay Archipelago in particular. The researcher expects this study to come out comprehensively on the Omani efforts in spreading Islam in the Malay Archipelago and other cultural and social influences.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Oman, the Malay Archipelago, the Islamic call, Malacca.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 (\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629) \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

2- \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

3- \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

4- \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

2- \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4- \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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– \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0638\u064e\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a ” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0628\u062c (\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0629) “<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0628\u062c: \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

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1- \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/p>\n

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2- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a :\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628”\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648” (\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062c\u060c 1980) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 … \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064a (\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0648) \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 (\u0634\u0648\u0646) \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 (\u0633\u0648\u0646) \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c 2010).<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 (4\u0647\u0640\/10\u0645) \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c 1987) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a)\u060c<\/p>\n

4- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

5- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u062c\u0628\u060c 1983).<\/p>\n

6- \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f “\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 ” \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 ” \u2013 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627\u2013 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 317 \u0647\u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631” (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c2000).<\/p>\n

7- \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0643\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0647 (\u0631\u062c\u0628\u060c 1983).<\/p>\n

8- \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1414\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0626\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u064f\u0645\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648”\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0643\u062f\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 (\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627) – \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629- \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1400\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2022) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 – \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 (AL-HIND, P30)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1414\u0645) (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c 2020) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

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2- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

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3- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629 ” \u0641\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u06d6 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0638\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0638\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064e\u0636\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u06d6 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u0641\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0631\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u06d6 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u06da \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e (159).<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n

– \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631 (\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u063587.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c 1979\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u0640122.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a. 1992\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063525.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c 1987 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u063544.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c2000\u060c \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c\u063595.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          6- \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c 2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c 2011\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f.. \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0633122.<\/p>\n

            8- \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c2000\u0645\u060c \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c\u063511.<\/p>\n

            9- \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u063576.<\/p>\n

            10- \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0647\u0648.1980\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/p>\n

            \u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c\u063590.<\/p>\n

            11- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c2014\u0645\u060c\u0635213.<\/p>\n

            12- \u0631\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 1983\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/p>\n

            \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c\u063576.<\/p>\n

            13- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c 1995\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c\u063556.<\/p>\n

            14- \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f (2022) \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 54\u060c \u0635485- 678.<\/p>\n

            15- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c \u06372\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c\u063597.<\/p>\n

            16- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2014\u0645\u060c\u063544.<\/p>\n

            17- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u060c2001\u0645<\/p>\n

            18- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2010\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f ( 9798)\u060c\u063569<\/p>\n

            19- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 1987\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c1407\u0647\u0640-.\u0635212.<\/p>\n

            20- \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2021) \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a<\/p>\n

            \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648: \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f5\u060c \u063515- 37<\/p>\n

            21- \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c(2011) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 (132\u0640656\u0647\u0640)\u060c\u0635224.<\/p>\n

            22- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c 1991\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u063555.<\/p>\n

            23- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.. \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c<\/p>\n

            2002\u060c\u0635125.<\/p>\n

            24- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c 1973\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u06374\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c212\u060c\u063579.<\/p>\n

            25- \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c 2005\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u060c\u063543.<\/p>\n

            26- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0635 88.<\/p>\n

            27- \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2011\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637.\u063565.<\/p>\n

            28- ANDRE WINK, 2002, AL-HIND, A.WINK, THE MAKING OF THE INDO- ISLAMIC WORLD,BRELL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.<\/p>\n

            29- V. Hooker.1946. A short history of Malaysia, Allen and Unwin. Australia<\/p>\n

            ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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