{"id":5024,"date":"2022-12-03T10:06:19","date_gmt":"2022-12-03T10:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5024"},"modified":"2022-12-03T10:06:24","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T10:06:24","slug":"3-12-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-12-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Fn711o@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Dr_alajmilubna@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3123<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 04\/11\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The extent via intermediate school students possesses productive thinking skills in light of their teachers’ application of scientific and engineering practices to the science standards of the next generation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afnan Ali AlWadey1<\/sup> Prof. Loubna Hussain AlAjmi2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD Researcher, Science Curricula and Methods, College of Education, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

Email: Fn711o@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Faculty member, Curricula and Teaching Methods of Science, College of Education, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

Email: Dr_alajmilubna@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3123<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/12\/2022 Accepted at 04\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The current study aimed to identify The extent via intermediate school students possesses productive thinking skills in light of their teachers’ application of scientific and engineering practices to the science standards of the next generation, and to achieve this goal the descriptive approach used , where the study sample consisted of (55) students of the second grade intermediate, and the measure of productive thinking skills was applied to them in the following skills (knowledge of assumptions, interpretation, fluency, flexibility, originality), and the study reached many results, most notably: The results showed However, the performance of the sample to test the skills of Proactive thinking in the intermediate second grade was weak and below the acceptable level. The research made many recommendations and suggestions, including further studies in scientific and engineering practices and productive thinking skills in various disciplines and age stages.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>scientific and engineering practices – productive thinking skills – science teaching – science teachers.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 “\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632” (Achieve Organization) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (AAAS)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 (NGSS)\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0640\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0640\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062aScience, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c 2017\u061b \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c 2017)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 (NGSS) \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0663\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 Scientific and Engineering Practices\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629) Crosscutting concepts\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 Disciplinary core ideas (National Research Council, 2015).<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/li>\n
  2. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 NGSS<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    2. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 .<\/li>\n
    4. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n
    5. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 NGSS.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong>\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u061b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a TIMSS \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c .<\/li>\n
      3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
      4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0661\u0664\u06644\u0647\u0640-2022\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Scientific And Engineering practices, SEP<\/strong>):<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (2012 ,NRC).<\/p>\n

        \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c (Productive Thinking Skills): <\/strong>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 (\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635.110) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b”.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0647\u0648 ” \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647”(\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629) .<\/p>\n

        \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629):<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064a (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a: \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b (2012 ,NRC) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

        <\/a>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631(2022)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (2021) \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
        2. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
        3. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n
        4. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
        5. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
        6. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645) \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629) : \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n
        7. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631.<\/li>\n
        8. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1).<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (SEP) ( \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u060c2020\u060c \u0635.118).<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 (Romiszowski) \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c 2008).<\/p>\n

          \u0648 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 (2020\u060c \u0635.853) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: “\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631”. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a (2016) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c 2018\u061b Schlichter & palmer,1993) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a ( \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 Tyler Theory – \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 Insight Theory) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

          \u200e\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 (\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2018) \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641.\u200e<\/p>\n

          \u200e \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c :<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664\u061b \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u060c\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9):<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f Critical Thinking: \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064c \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0645\u060c 2012)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664\u061b \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u060c\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9):<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a: : \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631: \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a Creativity Thinking: \u0647\u064a “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627” (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c2011\u060c \u0635.286)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c 2011\u061b \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c 2007) :<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

          \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f (2021) \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f (40) \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

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          \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n

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          \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n

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          \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0640\u062b (55) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n

          \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629(\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (15) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621( \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648 (\u0635\u0641\u0631) \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648(\u0635\u0641\u0631) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 (50% \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631) \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 (50%). \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1):<\/p>\n

          \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1)<\/strong> \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n1-10<\/strong><\/td>\n40<\/strong><\/td>\n61%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n1-5<\/strong><\/td>\n20<\/strong><\/td>\n30%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2\u060c 5<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/strong><\/td>\n3%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n1\u060c 3<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/strong><\/td>\n3%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n4(\u0623\u060c \u0628)<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/strong><\/td>\n3%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n66<\/strong><\/td>\n100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a (100%)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 (\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 ) (100%- \u0635\u0641\u0631) = (100%) \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (3) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629(33%) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2):<\/p>\n

          \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          0% – 33%<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          34%- 66%<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          67%- 100%<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629).<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

          1.\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

          2. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3).<\/p>\n

          \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/th>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/th>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/th>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/th>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          1<\/td>\n0,56**<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n0,60**<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0,65**<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n0,72**<\/td>\n4\u0623<\/td>\n0,65**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n0,59**<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0,63**<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n0,76**<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n0,70**<\/td>\n4\u0628<\/td>\n0,69**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3<\/td>\n0,63**<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n0,72**<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4<\/td>\n0,74**<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,58**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5<\/td>\n0.79**<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n0.62**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6<\/td>\n0.81**<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          7<\/td>\n0.55**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8<\/td>\n0.64**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          9<\/td>\n0,73**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10<\/td>\n0,64**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          ** \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 0,01<\/p>\n

          \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 “\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a” \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.01) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 (0.55-0.81)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631” \u0645\u0646 (0.60-0.72)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b “\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 “\u0645\u0646 (0.65-0.76)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629” \u0645\u0646 (0.70-0.72) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0645\u0646 (0.65-0.69) \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621(\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633) \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4) .<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629)<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n0.91**<\/td>\n0.89**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n0,93**<\/td>\n0.87**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n0.87**<\/td>\n0.91**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n0.94**<\/td>\n0.85**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n0.89**<\/td>\n0.90**<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            ** \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 0,01<\/p>\n

            \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.01) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.87- 0.94)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 (0.85- 0.91) \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a).<\/p>\n

            \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (Cronbach Alpha)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5) .<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n0.89<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (0.89) \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633:\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 (40) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633<\/strong>” \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u061f<\/p>\n

            <\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (55) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td>\n<\/a> \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649<\/td>\n

            		\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f<\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n40<\/td>\n12.36<\/strong><\/td>\n3.47<\/strong><\/td>\n30.75%<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n20<\/strong><\/td>\n12.53<\/strong><\/td>\n3.68<\/strong><\/td>\n62.5%<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n60<\/td>\n24.89<\/strong><\/td>\n6.51<\/strong><\/td>\n41.33%<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0.87<\/strong><\/td>\n0.72<\/strong><\/td>\n43.5%<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0.56<\/strong><\/td>\n0.74<\/strong><\/td>\n28%<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/td>\n1.22<\/strong><\/td>\n0.81<\/strong><\/td>\n61%<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n6<\/td>\n2.65<\/strong><\/td>\n1.54<\/strong><\/td>\n44.17%<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n66<\/td>\n27.55<\/strong><\/td>\n6.98<\/strong><\/td>\n41.67%<\/td>\n—-<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 ” \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 ” \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (27.5\/ 66)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (6.98)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (62.5%)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (12.5\/20) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (3.68)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f(\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 “\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629” \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629(28%) \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (0.56\/2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.74)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (61%- 30.75%) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 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            \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n
            2. \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n
            3. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n
            4. \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n
              2. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/li>\n
              3. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n
              4. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645.(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f8).\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (1)\u060c \u0661\u0666\u0663-\u0662\u0660\u0668.<\/p>\n

                \u0623\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.(2021).\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (87)\u060c 701 – 766. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/1154596<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621.(\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664).\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/em> ]\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629[.\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f.(\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0664). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>]\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629[. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631.(2008).\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b).<\/em>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a.(2007). \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a <\/em>\u0637.3.\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n

                \u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0621.(2018).\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639. <\/em>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644.(2011).\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/em> ]\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629[.\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

                \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621.(2011). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/em>.\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n

                \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.(2020).\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 28(2)\u060c 850 – 865. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/1089021<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0641\u0631.(2021).\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 (Kagan) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0629.\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 32(127) \u060c 27 – 90. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/1288491<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646.(2020).\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 28(2)\u060c223-250.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f.(2020). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645( NGSS ) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c29(2)\u060c112-144.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631.(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629[.\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u062d\u0631.(2017).\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/em>\u060c(78)\u060c111-120.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a.(2021). \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 27(8)\u060c 29 – 56. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/1287942<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c\u0633\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629(2015). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637-\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c 31(4)\u060c115-182.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. (2018). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/em>\u060c 96 \u060c 389 – 406. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/894113<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0630\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646.(\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664).\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647. \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647.<\/em> \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u062a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (2012). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647<\/em>. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646.(2022).\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 29\u060c 453 – 492. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/1314949<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631.(2018): \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 41\u060c 1750-1770.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062d\u0631.(\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668).\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u201cNGSS\u201d \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c21(10)\u060c59-107.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 .(2016) \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/em>]\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629[.\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

                \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645.(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f7).\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 (NGSS). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06f2\u06f0 (\u06f1\u06f2)\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f7 \u2013 \u06f1\u06f8\u06f2.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646.(\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0664).\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

                \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.(2019). \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646.(2017).\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c 7(2)\u060c 255 – 288. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646 :\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/881190<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0641\u062a.(2017).\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 32(4)\u060c 148 – 190. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/924965<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a.(2021). \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (SEP) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 (NGSS) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645<\/em> ]\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629[.\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642.\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629. http:\/\/search.mandumah.com\/Record\/1250580<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0666). \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n

                \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.(2018). \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/em>. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646: https:\/\/www.manhal.net\/<\/a> art \/s \/ 12262<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                Aranda, M., Lie, R.& Selcen Guzey, S.(2020).Productive thinking in middle school science students\u2019 design conversations in a design-based engineering challenge. Int J Technol Des Educ<\/em>, 30, 67\u201381.<\/p>\n

                https:\/\/doi-org.library.iau.edu.sa\/10.1007\/s10798-019-09498-5<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                Hurson,T.(2008).Think Better<\/em>.Mcgraw Hill, United states.<\/p>\n

                National Research Council. (2015).Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards<\/em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.<\/p>\n

                \u200fNational Research Council (NRC). (2012). A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Committee on a Conceptual Framework for New K-12 Science Education Standards. Board on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education.<\/em> https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/13165<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                Rommel, R., & Hermann, S. (2013). Integrating science and engineering practices in an inquiry-based lesson on wind-powered cars. Science Scope<\/em>, 36(6), 54-60.<\/p>\n

                Schlichter, C., & palmer W.(1993). Thinking Smart: A primer of The to the Tolentsun limited model.<\/em> Mansfield ct. creative learning press.<\/p>\n

                \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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