{"id":4877,"date":"2022-11-01T16:48:39","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T16:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=4877"},"modified":"2022-11-01T16:48:45","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T16:48:45","slug":"3-11-32","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-11-32\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a1<\/sup> \u0623.\u062f. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a2<\/sup> <\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/p>\n

Email: Dr_alajmilubna@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 – \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/p>\n

Email: Ns-albishri@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31132<\/p>\n

Download
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/11\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 23\/10\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The level of practice of secondary school science teachers of the habits of mind related to digital skills in the light of the skills of the twenty-first century<\/strong><\/p>\n

Noura Saeed Ali AlQahtani1<\/sup> Prof. Loubna Hussain AlAjmi 2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Faculty Member – College of Education – King Khalid University<\/p>\n

Email: Dr_alajmilubna@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

2 PhD researcher – College of Education, King Khalid University<\/p>\n

Email: Ns-albishri@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31132<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/11\/2022 Accepted at 23\/10\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The aim of the research is to identify the level of practice of secondary school science teachers of mind habits related to digital skills in the light of twenty-first century skills. The research sample consisted of (32) secondary school teachers. The results showed: that the application of science teachers in the secondary stage to the habits of mind (application of previous knowledge to new situations, and reckless control) and related to information culture was high, while the habits of mind (reciprocal thinking, persistence and perseverance) related to media culture, and habits of mind (thinking flexibly). Listening with understanding, visualization and innovation, metacognitive thinking, finding humor, thinking and communicating clearly and accurately) related to the culture of information and communication technology was average, and several recommendations were reached.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>habits of mind – digital skills – science teachers – secondary school.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/h4>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/h4>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c 2014).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 2030 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0627 (\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 2030\u060c 2022)\u061b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u061b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0661- \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n

\u0662- \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n

\u0663- \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

2-\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 .<\/p>\n

3-\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629” (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635. 334).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 (\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 (Costa& Kallick (2008 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c 2013).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0629 (2021\u060c \u0635100) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: “\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0633 (Perkins, 2001, p.6) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: “\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644”<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0631\u064a (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2\u060c \u0635.34) \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646: “\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f”.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

-\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648 (Marzano (1992 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

-\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0632:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0632 (Daniels (2002 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

-\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 Costa& Kallick (2008) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640 “\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 (2021) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 (2013) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

2-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648<\/strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

3-\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644:<\/strong> \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c: \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u061b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a (2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 (2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n

-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: <\/strong>\u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0646\u064a (2019) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a (2.6) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (93) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (65.03%) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0629 (2022) \u0641\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0646\u064a (2019) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n