{"id":4690,"date":"2022-10-02T14:18:24","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T14:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=4690"},"modified":"2022-10-02T14:18:29","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T14:18:29","slug":"3-10-33","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-10-33\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u06461<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a : oulahsen.02@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(10); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31033<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/10\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 24\/09\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Temporary marriage and the opinion of Ibn Ashour about it<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Mohammed Salem Olhassan<\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Researcher, Morocco.<\/p>\n

Email: oulahsen.02@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(10); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31033<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/10\/2022 Accepted at 24\/09\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Temporary pleasure marriage has been a debatable issue throughout the history of Islam, particularly between Sunnis and Shiites scholars. While Sunnis consider temporary pleasure marriage as forbidden according to the all Sunni four Imams, Shiites see it as a great worship that makes Muslims even closer to God and, for them, those who do not practice it are sinful. Actually, this is because each part perceives and read the arguments for attribution and explanation, or for judgement and deduction.<\/p>\n

In this article, we do not approach the issue discussed based, solely, on the nature of the evidences provided but also on its effect on both the individual Muslim and the whole Islamic society.<\/p>\n

For this reason, Ibn Achour deemed temporary pleasure marriage as permissible but only with some specific conditions. One of these permitting conditions is for a traveler who is completely far away from his spouse. Besides, a \u2018mojahid\u2019 (fighter in he Islamic army) being far from home to defend Muslims territories is, according to Achour\u2019s perspective, also permitted.<\/p>\n

In fact, the reason behind the disagreement lies in the way of previewing evidences that forbid or allow the temporary pleasure marriage. These reasons need attentive rereading in the absence of any definitive and inclusive evidence or proof which, clearly, forbid this type of marriage.<\/p>\n

This article presents, in a scientific process, our point of view concerning the issue highlighted without being biased to any doctrine.<\/p>\n

Research question:<\/p>\n

The actual research tries to find answers to the following:<\/p>\n

Are the texts used to forbid temporary pleasure marriage really convincing?<\/p>\n

Supposing they are not good enough, and so temporary pleasure marriage is allowed, would Islamic society, then, reaches chastity that is the ultimate goal behind marriage? Or, on the contrary, will it make Islamic society immoral with family corrupt?<\/p>\n

Would this marriage type be the right solution to get rid of adultery among young Muslims due to globalization and the new universal changing life style?<\/p>\n

Research objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The actual research aims at:<\/p>\n

Discussing the Fiqh\u2019s view towards temporary pleasure marriage<\/p>\n

Clearing the issue under study from sectarian intolerance, and showing its manifestation from the first century to the era of Ibn Achour<\/p>\n

Clarifying Ibn Achour\u2019s point of view in temporary pleasure marriage and his supporting arguments<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 : \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 : \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: {\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0645}<\/strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631: 29\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629).(<\/sup>[1]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643(<\/sup>[2]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 :<\/strong>\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0630.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/strong>\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b :<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 :<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f(<\/sup>[3]<\/a>)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 :<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629.(<\/sup>[4]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u060c\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0635 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 :{ \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u0622\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627 }\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 24<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 { \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 }<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0643\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u060c\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647.(<\/sup>[5]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 “\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0645\u0629.”(<\/sup>[6]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627: \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u061f ” \u0641\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0643\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627: {\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646}<\/strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629:\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 87)(<\/sup>[7]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648”\u0631\u062e\u0635”\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627: \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0627” \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621.(<\/sup>[8]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629”\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0646 – \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – . “(<\/sup>[9]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 :<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u061f \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u061f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u061f\u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 : \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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