{"id":4370,"date":"2022-09-03T10:48:01","date_gmt":"2022-09-03T10:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=4370"},"modified":"2022-09-03T10:48:05","modified_gmt":"2022-09-03T10:48:05","slug":"3-9-13","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-9-13\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645. \u0645. \u062f. \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: dktwrahsan@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3913<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/09\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/08\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 “\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629” \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Impact of the Digital World in Determining the Looseness of Case-Law (Ijtihad) and Advisory Opinion (Fatwa)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assistant Professor Dr. Ihsan Alo Hussein Al-Luhaibi1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Assistant Professor at Imam al-Azam University College, Department of Fundamentals of Religion Altun Kubri, Iraq.<\/p>\n

Email: dktwrahsan@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3913<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/09\/2022 Accepted at 15\/08\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Advisory opinion (fatwa) is necessary in every time and place, where people are constantly in need of insight into their religion and their worldly affairs. Asking the bearers of the message is one of the factors that reflex the spread of religious and cultural thought and awareness, but stopping asking is one of the reasons for the stagnation of advisory opinion (fatwa) and a sign of intellectual and mental decline in society, which leads to the loss of the world life with the loss of religion, this is from one hand.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the digital world today and what has been achieved in terms of approximating distances, that make the world a \u201csmall village\u201d can be the biggest motivator for achieving collective case-law (ijtihad) and its success, and this is the most important factor in prevention advisory opinion (fatwa) and case-law (ijtihad) from loss.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f: \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 : \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629”(<\/sup>[1]<\/a>)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0640\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0640\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0640\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b “\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644” \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0640\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0640\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0640\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u0640\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0640\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0640\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0640\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: (\u0641\u064e\u0633\u06e1\u0640\u0654\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u06e4\u0627\u06df \u0623\u064e\u0647\u06e1\u0644\u064e \u0671\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0650\u0643\u06e1\u0631\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u06e1\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e ) \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u0629 43 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 : (\u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0648\u06e1\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u0631\u06e1\u0642\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u06e1\u0647\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0637\u064e\u0627\u06e4\u0649\u0655\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0651\u0650\u06cc\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0627\u06df \u0641\u0650\u06cc \u0671\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u06cc\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u06cc\u064f\u0646\u0630\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627\u06df \u0642\u064e\u0648\u06e1\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u06e4\u0627\u06df \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u06cc\u06e1\u0647\u0650\u0645\u06e1 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u06cc\u064e\u062d\u06e1\u0630\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e ) \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 122 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0640\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: (\u0640\u0670\u06e4\u0623\u064e\u06cc\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0671\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u06cc\u0646\u064e \u0621\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u06e4\u0627\u06df \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0650\u06cc\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627\u06df \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0650\u06cc\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627\u06df \u0671\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0648\u06df\u0644\u0650\u06cc \u0671\u0644\u06e1\u0623\u064e\u0645\u06e1\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0643\u064f\u0645\u06e1\u06d6 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0640\u0670\u0632\u064e\u0639\u06e1\u062a\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u0641\u0650\u06cc \u0634\u064e\u06cc\u06e1\u0621 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064f\u0645\u06e1 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u06e1\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0671\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0671\u0644\u06e1\u06cc\u064e\u0648\u06e1\u0645\u0650 \u0671\u0644\u06e1\u0640\u0654\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0650\u0631\u0650\u06da \u0630\u064e\u200a\u0670\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062e\u064e\u06cc\u06e1\u0631 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062d\u06e1\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0623\u06e1\u0648\u0650\u06cc\u0644\u064b\u0627) \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u064a\u0629 59”(<\/sup>[2]<\/a>)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0641\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 : \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649”<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 “ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong> ” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a “ \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/strong> ” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (E-Learning EL)” \u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a” \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a” .<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b : <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (E-Learning EL) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a .<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u061f ..<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 :<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646\u062b \u060c \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e) \u0645\u0646 : \u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e \u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u062f\u064f \u060c \u062a\u064e\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647 :<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621: \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c .<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 : \u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0639\u0631\u064e : \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 : \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627(<\/sup>[3]<\/a>) <\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064e :<\/strong> \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 ( \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 ).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 :<\/strong> ( \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f ) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 ).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

( \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f ) \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

( \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f ) \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n

(\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 ) \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 ( \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 ) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a(<\/sup>[4]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n