{"id":3763,"date":"2022-06-02T13:31:40","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T13:31:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3763"},"modified":"2022-06-02T13:31:54","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T13:31:54","slug":"3-6-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-6-7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0628\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06461<\/sup> \u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u06292<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 “\u0623” \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:benlalam.semhane@univ.alger3.dz<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 “\u0623” \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u06313 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: benane.karima@univ-alger3.dz<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj367<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/06\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 10\/05\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u00a0;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u00a0;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00a0;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u00a0;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Environmental education and human, a comprehensive theoretical approach to the dialectic of relationship and influence<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Bin Allam Samhan 1<\/sup> Dr. Banan Karima 2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Professor of Lecture “A” at the Faculty of Media and Communication Sciences<\/p>\n

Email: benllam.semhane@univ.alger3.dz<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Professor of Lecture \u201cA\u201d at the Faculty of Information and Communication Sciences, University of Algiers 3 Email: benane.karima@univ-alger3.dz<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj367<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/06\/2022 Accepted at 10\/05\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

During the latest years, the concern of ecological problems witnessed a rising trend and it became not only political and economic but also educational debates at higher levels: local and international levels and all that was due to serious ecological problems that threaten life and safety of Man and other species mainly with the constraints inipssedon the environment especially by the end of the 20th<\/sup> century. In this context, it is worthmentioning that the huge technological progress made by man led to the Eco-system disorder cohich will result into the environment components deterioration.<\/p>\n

Consequently pollution, food and ecological sources problems raised and the three factors are manmade and they represent a menace for the current and future generations .This is why the first target of all countries of the world was their concern on ecological education as an effective act in orger to protect not only the environment but also man and his perseverance but this latter can be realized unless the individual acquires necessary awareness and capacities in order to understand his relationship with the environment he belongs to. The subject under study deals with the problematic of ecological education and it importance in activating the relationship between Man and him environment in order to crate a certain agreement between them.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Eco-system discorder; Environment; Ecological education; relationship; Ecological awareness<\/p>\n

1\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

1)- \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

2)- \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

3)- \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

2-1 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 (<\/sup>[1]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 ” \u0628\u0648\u0623<\/strong> ” \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 ” \u0628\u0648\u0623\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/strong> ” \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a (<\/sup>[2]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 ” Environnement<\/strong> ” \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 (<\/sup>[3]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 (<\/sup>[4]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a (1972) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (<\/sup>[5]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646
\n\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646
\n\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637
\n\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (<\/sup>[6]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2-2- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a
\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\n\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (<\/sup>[7]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647 (<\/sup>[8]<\/a>) <\/sup>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (<\/sup>[9]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

-\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1972) \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 (<\/sup>[10]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (109) \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (96) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (<\/sup>[11]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a (1975) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 (<\/sup>[12]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (1977) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627(<\/sup>[13]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a (1992) \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636(<\/sup>[14]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a (2002) \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2000) \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a (2016) \u0648 (2020) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633
\n\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

3-1\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u062f
\n\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u2bb2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (<\/sup>[15]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u2bb2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u2bb2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (<\/sup>[16]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u2bb2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 (<\/sup>[17]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3-2 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

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\u21e6- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a: <\/strong>\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (<\/sup>[18]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0632\u0646<\/strong> ” Victor Katze<\/strong> ” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629: ” \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (<\/sup>[19]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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\u21e6- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629): <\/strong>\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u21e6- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a: <\/strong>\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629
\n\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a (<\/sup>[20]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (<\/sup>[21]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

3-3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (<\/sup>[22]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f 1972 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a 1977 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644
\n\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 (<\/sup>[23]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (<\/sup>[25]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

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4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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