{"id":3595,"date":"2022-05-01T14:53:48","date_gmt":"2022-05-01T14:53:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3595"},"modified":"2022-05-01T14:53:51","modified_gmt":"2022-05-01T14:53:51","slug":"3-5-14","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-5-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Narrative Superstructure in Selected English and Arabic Short Stories: A Contrastive Study"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prof. Qasim Abbas Dhayef , PhD.1<\/sup> Mawi’l Firas Abdul-Muni’m2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

University of Babylon<\/p>\n

Email: qasimabbas@uobabylon.edu.iq<\/a><\/p>\n

University of Babylon<\/p>\n

mawilalsalhi@gmail.com<\/a> Email:<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3514<\/p>\n

Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n

Published at 01\/05\/2022 Accepted at 14\/04\/2022 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

No previous studies have tackled the applicability of Labov’s narrative superstructure as far as the researcher is concerned from a contrastive perspective. The present study aims at investigating the applicability of Labov model (1972) [abstract – orientation – complicating action- evaluation – resolution – coda] to five selected English and five selected Arabic short stories for the sake of finding out the differences and similarities between these short stories. The methodology of the study is that the selected English and Arabic short stories are going to be analyzed in the light of Labov’s model of the narrative superstructure. The study is theoretically significant since it identifies the narrative superstructure of the selected English and Arabic short stories. It is also practically significance because it helps researchers who have the interest in contrastive studies make use of such kind of data in their studies if both Arabic and English short stories share the same narrative superstructure. Finally, as it has been concluded by the present study, it is obvious that the narrative superstructure of labov (1972) is applicable to these English as well as the Arabic ones, but with some exceptions concerning both of them.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Discourse Analysis, Narrative Discourse, Short stories Superstructure, Modes of Discourse Analysis, Contrastive Analysis<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

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\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641: \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u064a\u06411<\/sup> \u0645\u0648\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u06452<\/sup><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: qasimabbas@uobabylon.edu.iq<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a mawillalsalhi@gmail.com<\/a>:<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3514<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/05\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 14\/04\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0641 (1972) \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 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1. Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

The applicability of Labov’s narrative superstructure to English and Arabic short stories has not been talked previously as far as the researcher knows. The present study is going to investigate the narrative superstructure of five selected English short stories and five selected Arabic ones by analyzing these short stories according to William Labov model (1972).<\/p>\n

The present study aims at identifying the narrative superstructure of English and Arabic short stories by checking the workability of Labov’s (ibid) narrative superstructure in such genre to find out the differences and similarities between the English and the Arabic ones.<\/p>\n

It is hypothesized that Labov’s model (ibid) of the narrative superstructure is completely applicable for both English as well as Arabic short stories.<\/p>\n

The methodology of the present contrastive analysis is that five selected English short stories and five selected Arabic ones are to be analyzed according to the model of Labov (ibid) to identify their narrative superstructure which is supposed to be applicable within the limits of the present study.<\/p>\n

This investigation is limited to the narrative superstructure of five selected English and Arabic short stories of different author for each.<\/p>\n

The present study has a theoretical significance in that it identifies the narrative superstructure of English and Arabic short stories, and a practical one in that it helps researchers who are interested in contrastive studies make use of such kind of data in their studies if both Arabic and English short stories share the same narrative superstructure.<\/p>\n

2. Literature Review<\/strong><\/p>\n

A set of pivotal notions need to be considered Before getting into deep water.<\/p>\n

2.1 Discourse Analysis : <\/strong><\/p>\n

Discourse analysis is a method of analyzing the structure of texts or utterances which are longer than one sentence, considering both their linguistic content and sociolinguistic context (Adolphus:2022).<\/p>\n

Discourse analysis is considered as a level of linguistics that refers to a research method for studying written or spoken language in accordance with its social context. The aim of discourse analysis is to get a deeper understanding of how language is used in real life situations (Luo, 2019).<\/p>\n

2.2 Modes of Discourse Analysis :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barzilay and Kan (2017) refer to that there are four modes of discourse analysis which there is a need to shed light on them, as in 2.2.1 .<\/p>\n

2.2.1 Narrative discourse analysis<\/strong> is a mode of discourse analysis in which an event or a set of events are introduced into the universe of discourse. These events are temporally related according to narrative time.<\/p>\n

2.2.2 Expository discourse analysis<\/strong> is a mode of discourse analysis that has a function of explanation or giving instruction. This mode provides background information in narrative contexts. The information presented should be general and well accepted truth.<\/p>\n

2.2.3 Descriptive discourse analysis<\/strong> is a mode of discourse analysis that re-produces, invents, or clearly shows what things look like in accordance with the five senses, so that the reader can imagine what is being described.<\/p>\n

2.2.4 Argumentative discourse analysis<\/strong> is a mode of discourse analysis that makes a viewpoint and proves its validity towards a topic for the sake of convincing the reader.<\/p>\n

The present study is going to tackle the superstructure of the narrative discourse as suggested by Labov (1972).<\/p>\n

2.3 The Superstructure : <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Superstructure is defined as the organizational plan of a given text. Benoit (1992) points out that it is difficult, perhaps impossible, for scholars to study something without studying or identifying that thing.<\/p>\n

Each mode of discourse, except the descriptive discourse, has its own distinctive superstructure, they are :<\/p>\n

A- Exposition<\/strong> : According to Tirkonen-Condit (1985) the superstructure of the expository discourse is the following order<\/p>\n

[situation-problem-solution-evaluation]<\/p>\n

B- Argument<\/strong>: According to Toulmin (1958) the superstructure of the argumentative discourse is the following order<\/p>\n

[claim-data-warrant]<\/p>\n

C- Narration<\/strong> : According to (Labov 1972) the superstructure of the narrative discourse is the following order<\/p>\n

[ abstract – orientation – complicating action- evaluation – resolution – coda ]<\/p>\n

2.4 Contrastive Linguistics and contrastive analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Contrastive linguistics is a branch of linguistics that is concerned with showing the differences and similarities in the structure of at least two languages or dialects (Webster:2022).<\/p>\n

There is a differentiation between contrastive linguistics and contrastive analysis in that, CA is the systematic comparison of two or more languages, aiming at describing their similarities and differences. CA has often been done for different purposes whether practical or pedagogical . Its main concern has been to provide better descriptions and teaching materials for language learners (Johansson:2008).<\/p>\n

Contrastive Analysis is also defined by Crystal (2003) as a general approach to the investigation of language especially as carried on particular areas of Applied Linguistics, like foreign-language teaching and translation. Crystal (ibid) also refers to that in a contrastive analysis of two languages, structural differences are specified and identified to be studied then as areas of potential difficulty in foreign language learning.”.<\/p>\n

3. The Model <\/strong><\/p>\n

To uncover the superstructure of narrative discourse, e.g., story-telling, there is need for a model to analyze such narration. William Labov (1972) suggests a model by which narrative discourse, e.g., stories are analyzed for the sake of identifying their own narrative superstructure. Labov (ibid) identifies the narrative superstructure as the following :<\/p>\n