{"id":2626,"date":"2022-01-02T15:03:30","date_gmt":"2022-01-02T15:03:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2626"},"modified":"2022-01-02T15:03:35","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T15:03:35","slug":"3-1-38","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-1-38\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u06451<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ayaahmedhasan1@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3138<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 25\/12\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Scale of susceptibility to false memories<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aya Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim 1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> 1 Ph.D. Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University<\/p>\n

Email: ayaahmedhasan1@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3138<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/01\/2022 Accepted at 25\/12\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aimed to design a scale to measure individuals\u2019 susceptibility to false memories, and the reliability and validity sample consisted of (154) students from Alexandria University in order to calculate the factorial validity, criterion related validity and the reliability of Alpha Cronbach, in addition to (146) male and female students, to calculate Test-retest reliability. 770 male and female students were used to calculate percentile rank and norms scores corresponding to raw scores to put levels of susceptibility to false memories on the scale, all students ranged in age between 17 and 26.The scale In the final form consisted of 22 items, and the answer alternatives were developed according to the five-point Likert scale, where 1 = no, 2 = some, 3 = average, 4 = a much, and 5 = always.The limits of individuals’ scores on the susceptibility false memories scale ranged from (22 to 110); As the lowest score that an individual can get is 22, and the highest score that an individual can get is 110. norms scores have been used to establish levels of a susceptibility to false memories scale.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>false memories, scale, norms scores.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 False memory \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u00ab\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” False Memory\u060c- \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629- \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633” The American Psychological Society\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0629” Remembering Repressed Abuse\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u00ab\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb Elizabeth Loftus \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 false childhood memories \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 Pezdek & Lam, 2007)) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 False Memory \u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 Loftus, 1997) )\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 Pezdek & Lam, 2007)).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” False Memory \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 (De Prince et al., 2004; Pezdek & Lam, 2007; Wade et al., (2007.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb Loftus \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 (Loftus, 1996; Loftus, 1997).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb Pezdek & Lam\u060c \u0648\u00ab\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u00bb De Prince \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0636\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0629 (Wade et al., 2007)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Memory errors \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 Flawed memory \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 memory errors \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 Flawed memory \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 Pezdek & Lam, 2007))\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b (De Prince et al., 2004).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0631 \u0623\u0645) Deese, Roediger, & McDermott (DRM)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 Reality monitoring (De Prince et al., 2004; Pezdek & Lam, 2007). \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 – \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638- \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0643\u062a \u00ab\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb Elizabeth Loftus \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: (Wade et al., 2007.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 – \u0641\u0642\u0637- \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Loftus, 1996; Loftus, 1997)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a – \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643- \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:(Frenda et al., 2014; Wade et al., 2007)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Zhu et al., 2010)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb: \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 memory errors \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 Flawed memory\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Pezdek & Lam, 2007)).<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0629” The reality of repressed memories\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0650\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 Creation of False Memories \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 False Memories\u061f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 Misinformation\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Memory Distortion\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 – \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643- \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u2013 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627- \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 Trojan horse\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 Revised data \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u061b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 autobiographical recall. \u0641\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 misinformation \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629) Trivial details\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627\u00bb (Loftus, 1993).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0633\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641(Wade et al., 2007) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Misinformation or Suggestive sources \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0631 \u0623\u0645) Deese, Roediger, & McDermott (DRM)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629*[3]<\/a><\/sup> general recognition Memory tasks\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631**[4]<\/a><\/sup> The source monitoring task \u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c Pezdek & Lam, 2007)).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” Sleep deprivation and false memories\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0650\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” False Memories\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 suggestive questioning \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Memory reports\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629: (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u00bb (Frenda et al., 2014).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629” Individual differences in false memory from misinformation: Personality characteristics and their interactions with cognitive abilities \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u00bb Okado & Stark \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0634\u0648*[5]<\/a> <\/sup> \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0634\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641: ” \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 Zhu et al., 2010)).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627: \u00ab\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u00ab\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a\u00bb Salthouse & Siedlecki \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u00ab\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u00bb (\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0631 \u0623\u0645) Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM)\u00bb Zhu et al., 2010)).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0631 \u0623\u0645) DRM\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” Memory Distortion and False Memory Creation\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Memory Distortion\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u00bb (Loftus, 1996).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Memory errors \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 Flawed memory \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 Pezdek & Lam, 2007)).<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: “\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629” False claims about false memory research:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u00bb Jones & Powell\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u00ab\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 (Wade et al., 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 memory errors \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 flawed memory \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u064d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Wade et al., 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u00bb \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (Frenda et al., 2014; Wade et al., 2007)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a: \u00ab\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629…\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u00ab\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u00bb (Wade et al., 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628 False alarms\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 Pezdek & Lam, 2007)).<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629”: \u00ab\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0631 \u0623\u0645) DRM \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Memory flaws \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 False memories \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u00bb (Wade et al., 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb (Wade et al., 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643: \u00ab\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 False Memories \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u00bb (Loftus, 1997).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u00bb Loftus & Jacqueline E \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639: \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639\u00bb (Loftus, 1997).<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 Memory flaw \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 False memory\u061f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 (Wade et al., 2007)\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 (The False Memory Syndrome Foundation, 2020)\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u00bb (Wade et al., 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0633\u00bb Loftus \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b- \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Loftus, 1996; Loftus, 1997). \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 770 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 (384 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648386 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627) \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 17 \u0625\u0644\u0649 26 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 770 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 :<\/p>\n