{"id":2619,"date":"2022-01-02T14:55:43","date_gmt":"2022-01-02T14:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2619"},"modified":"2022-01-02T14:55:49","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T14:55:49","slug":"3-1-35","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-1-35\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a1<\/sup> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a> Email: seddikelyadari@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/a>\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3135<\/p>\n

Download
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/12\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Extreme climatic events in the watershed of Inaouen (Morocco) and the links between the dominant modes of variability in Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation <\/strong><\/p>\n

Siddiq Al Yadari 1<\/sup> Abdel Hamid Janati Idrissi 2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD in Geography from the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Sais Fez, Morocco<\/p>\n

Email: seddikelyadari@gmail.com<\/p>\n

2 Professor of Higher Education, majoring in geography, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, Sais Fez, Morocco<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3135<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/01\/2022 Accepted at 21\/12\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Due to its location in the subtropics, the Inaouene basin is considered among the basins most vulnerable to rainfall variability, marked by the alternation of dry and sometimes exceptional rainy periods, in view of the variance of atmospheric factors which control atmospheric circulation and types of weather in Morocco. In particular, the Azores high pressure on the surface and the subtropical jet stream at high altitude, which determine the type of air movements and control the types of weather in the country. Without forgetting the dominant modes of large-scale Atmospheric Circulation variability, notably the North Atlantic Oscillation (ONA) and the Oscillation Western Mediterranean (OMO). This study therefore aims to analyze the temporal evolution of rainfall variability and the extreme climatic phenomena that accompany it from the standardized precipitation index, which we will interpret by relating it to the two oscillations mentioned and by evaluating their impact on this variability by calculating the correlation coefficient.<\/p>\n

The study revealed that the dominance of the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation since the late 1970s had a major role in the absence of humid air masses from Morocco, which caused the stability of drought climatic conditions in the study area, with the presence of some extreme rainy cases, in which the North Atlantic oscillation is very weak. This consequently affects the movement of the air, which becomes more longitudinal, this also impacts the disturbances which take more southerly paths to deepen in Morocco, finally it turned out that the precipitation in our study area are weakly affected by the Western Mediterranean Oscillation system compared to the North Atlantic Oscillation.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Inaouene basin, Rainfall variability, North Atlantic Oscillation, Western Mediterranean Oscillation.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0640 3601 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628 268 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 12.92 % \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u0648. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 4\u00b0.91′ \u06483\u00b0.78′ \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 34\u00b0.58 ‘\u064833\u00b0. 84 ‘ \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 (\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 1).<\/p>\n

    \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a Shapefile Maroc \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Arc Map.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0648. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 157 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.<\/p>\n

    2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 (<\/strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1)\u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 12 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

    <\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1: \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (\u0645)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    458<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b013<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b02\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2012-13<\/strong><\/td>\n1970-71<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    368<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b012<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b09′<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0648.\u062d.\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0648<\/strong><\/td>\n2012-13<\/strong><\/td>\n1970-71<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    750<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b0 4′<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b0 16<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n2002-03<\/strong><\/td>\n1970-71<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632\u0647\u0623\u0631 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    560<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b04<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b024<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2012-13<\/strong><\/td>\n1970-71<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1568<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b0 4′<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b0 7′<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0648.\u062d.\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0648<\/strong><\/td>\n2012-13<\/strong><\/td>\n1973-74<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    540<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b029′<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b012\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2014-13<\/strong><\/td>\n1972-71<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    550<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b017\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0648.\u062d.\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0648<\/strong><\/td>\n2012-13<\/strong><\/td>\n1970-71<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1200<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b0 33′<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b0 8′<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2013-14<\/strong><\/td>\n1973-74<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    285<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b012′<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b017′<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n2012-13<\/strong><\/td>\n1978-79<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    402<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b015\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b06\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0648.\u062d.\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0648<\/strong><\/td>\n 2013-14<\/strong><\/td>\n 1992-93<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0628 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    200<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b012\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b046<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0648.\u062d.\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0648<\/strong><\/td>\n 2006-07<\/strong><\/td>\n 1974-75<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0633\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    230<\/strong><\/td>\n34\u00b011\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n4\u00b029\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0648.\u062d.\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0648<\/strong><\/td>\n2001-02<\/strong><\/td>\n1970-71<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0634\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f <\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a> Standardized\u00a0Precipitation\u00a0Index \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

    <\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a>SPI = (Pi – Pm)\/\u03c3<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n

    Pi<\/strong> : \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u061b<\/p>\n

    Pm<\/strong> : \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u061b<\/p>\n

    \u03c3<\/strong> : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 (SPI)\u061b<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n

    <\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06452 : \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 (SPI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2,0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.50 \u0648 1.99<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1,0 \u0648 1.49<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.99 \u0648 0.99-<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.0- \u0648 1.49-<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.5- \u0648 1.99-<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2.0-<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: McKee et al\u00a0,1993))<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Excel \u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0640 Karl PEARSON\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

    ( xi – x ) ( yi – y ) <\/strong><\/p>\n

    = \ud835\udc5f<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    N x . y<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

    – (xi) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648(x) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648x) ( \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

    – (yi) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648(y) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648y) ( \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

    – ( N ) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0623\u0648 1 – \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 1 \u0623\u0648 1- \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n

    3. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    <\/a><\/a><\/a> 3.1. \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <\/a>\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631 “\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631” G. Walker \u0633\u0646\u0629 1924\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1932 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 “\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631” \u0648 “\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633” Bliss. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Wallace\u00a0;Gutzler,1981)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a (Teleconnexion)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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