{"id":2560,"date":"2022-01-02T14:10:55","date_gmt":"2022-01-02T14:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2560"},"modified":"2022-01-02T14:10:59","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T14:10:59","slug":"3-1-23","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/3-1-23\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0623. \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f1<\/sup> \u0623. \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a2<\/sup> \u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u06313<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 – \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629 amena.mohammed@omu.edu<\/a> .ly<\/p>\n

2 – \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629 – gadaalmagre@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

3- \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629- abntahr84@gmil.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3123<\/p>\n

Download
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/12\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a )\u2013 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The historical and aesthetic value of the antiquities of the city of Cyrene (Shahat) and how to preserve them<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amna Mohamed Abdel Sayed 1<\/sup> Ghada Khaled Al-Majri 2<\/sup> Ilham Khattab bin Taher 3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 <\/sup>– Faculty Member, Lecturer, Department of Plastic Arts, University of Derna amena.mohammed@omu.edu .ly<\/p>\n

2 <\/sup>– Faculty Member, Lecturer, Department of Architectural Engineering, University of Derna – gadaalmagre@gmail.com<\/p>\n

3<\/sup> – Faculty Member, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Plastic Arts, University of Derna – abntahr84@gmil.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3123<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/01\/2022 Accepted at 21\/12\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Archeology is secondary; Many people, especially in our Arab societies, view it as normal and do not attach much importance to it, even though it occupies a great position<\/p>\n

From this point of view, the research is interested in studying the historical and aesthetic value of the antiquities of the city of Shahat or Cyrene<\/p>\n

The research also aims to shed light on the importance of shedding light on the study of archaeological monuments and their aesthetics, and how to preserve their archaeological features from ruin and extinction, and restore them by appropriate means and methods to treat and rehabilitate the monuments so that they last for a long period of time and accurate documentation of the effect in addition to all materials used in the restoration<\/p>\n

The research methodology is based on a historical study that relies on a detailed description enhanced with pictures of the archaeological elements through direct observations during the field study, and in a personal interview to obtain the required information, and then the decorative elements and the general appearance of buildings and architecture since the ages of Greek civilizations obtained from the study.<\/p>\n

Including addressing the results and recommendations through which it is possible to deal with the archaeological buildings in the best way to preserve and preserve the antiquities and keep them in their current form.<\/p>\n

\n

Key Words: <\/strong>The historical value – the aesthetic value – the archaeological city of Cyrene (Shahat) – and how to preserve the antiquities.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 ” \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0640 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0640 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0640 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0640 \u063a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0640 \u063a\u0627\u062a \u0640 \u0642\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0640 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648 ” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 631\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 40 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    1.1 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631:<\/strong> \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.( \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c 1983\u0645).<\/p>\n

    2.1 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627: \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 (2003 International convention for the safeguarding).<\/li>\n
    4. \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a (\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u00ab\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u060c (\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c 1971\u0645).<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643\u00bb.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0628\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c ( \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c2004 \u0645\u060c \u063520).<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

        1.3 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0633\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637. (\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c2004\u060c \u063520).<\/p>\n

        \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0628\u060c 2008 \u0645\u060c \u063544).<\/p>\n

        \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0651\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

        \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0633\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0628\u060c 2008 \u0645\u060c \u063590).<\/p>\n

        \"https:\/\/alsabaah.ly\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/images-11.jpg\"<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 https:\/ www.alquds.co.uk<\/a><\/p>\n

        2.3 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 635 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c1998\u0645\u060c \u063527).<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c1971\u0645).<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062e \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n

        \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0631\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c (\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c2004\u060c \u063520).<\/p>\n