{"id":2297,"date":"2021-12-02T15:23:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T15:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2297"},"modified":"2021-12-02T15:23:56","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T15:23:56","slug":"2-12-16","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/2-12-16\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: hatembasher22@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ\u060c 2021\u060c 2(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21216<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2021\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/11\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gharar and its economic effects<\/strong><\/p>\n

(insurance contracts as a model)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hatem Bashir Ahmed Al-Mislaty1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Master student at the Department of Islamic Economics at Istanbul University Sabahattin Zaim<\/p>\n

Email: hatembasher22@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ\u060c 2021\u060c 2(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21216<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/12\/2021 Accepted at 21\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aimed to know the concept of gharar (Risk, uncertainty of danger) and its divisions and the extent of the impact of gharar on the validity of contracts\u060c and to clarify the application of gharar in insurance contracts\u060c in addition to clarifying the negative effects caused by the presence of Gharar in financial transactions in general and in the insurance contract in particular\u060c which is the subject of research. I relied in the research on the inductive and deductive method. The study reached several results\u060c the most important of which is that Gharar that affects contemporary financial transactions is a lot of obscene Gharar\u060c and it is present in many contemporary transactions such as commercial insurance\u060c network marketing and commercial competitions. The study also found that many people lose their money; Because it enters into financial transactions in which there is ignorance and deception and leads to the consumption of money unjustly among them. The study recommended the need to intensify specialized research in financial transactions and Islamic economics. The study also recommended public and private governmental and non-governmental bodies to abandon transactions that violate Islamic Sharia and to switch to legal alternatives.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 .<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u061f<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n
  2. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n
  3. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n

    \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f .<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n