{"id":2132,"date":"2021-11-07T21:30:36","date_gmt":"2021-11-07T21:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2132"},"modified":"2021-11-07T21:30:42","modified_gmt":"2021-11-07T21:30:42","slug":"2-11-31","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/2-11-31\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: hchumake@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2021, 2(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21131<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/11\/2021\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 12\/10\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>Research Article <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Arabic language and identity problems<\/strong><\/p>\n

NS. M Fatima Musa Abdel Abbas1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Babylon Education Directorate, Iraq.<\/p>\n

\n

Email: hchumake@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2021, 2(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21131<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/11\/2021 Accepted at 12\/10\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, Abu al-Zahra Muhammed bin Abdullah, the Truthful and Trustworthy, may God\u2019s prayers and peace be upon him, and upon his honorable and kind family. Oh God, to you be praise, thanks and praise that you are God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to faith, Islam and the Qur\u2019an, and praise be to You, You are the Truth, Your speech is the Truth, Your promise is the Truth, and Your meeting is the Truth. As for what follows:<\/p>\n

The Noble Qur\u2019an is the fertile ground for all sciences, and the language of this great Qur\u2019an is Arabic; Since the miracle of the revelation of the Noble Qur\u2019an in this language, which bestowed on it sanctity and divine providence, it turned from a language specific to the tribes of the desert to the language of an Islamic nation that led civilization for successive centuries; It has great importance in Arab culture, heritage and literature; Because it is considered part of the Arab civilization, it is one of the Semitic human languages, which has preserved its linguistic and grammatical history since ancient times.<\/p>\n

The Arabic language is considered one of the most important components affecting identity, the vessel of knowledge and culture, and the cradle of its major breakthroughs. Through time, it is considered one of the most important factors that preserved the unification of the Arab nation from the ocean to the Gulf. It also contributed to preserving the history of the Arabs since the pre-Islamic era. It preserved their complete history, heroism, and poetry; And because the Arabic language is the language of Islam, Muslims, and the Holy Qur\u2019an, and it has spread widely, it is one of the languages \u200b\u200bthat many students seek to study, especially non-native speakers, in order to identify the beauty of its words. It is rich in many books, whether scientific or literary, that were written in fluent Arabic<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>language, identity, Arabic, problems<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062e\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:(16)<\/sup><\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n

5- \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

6- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064f \u0648\u0650\u0641\u0652\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

7- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n

8- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646\u062b.<\/p>\n

9- \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0650.<\/p>\n

4- \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

5- \u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

6- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

7- \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

8- \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n

9- \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0634\u062d\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0644\u0641 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a . \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u062e \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649: 392\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0635:1\/34. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a (\u062a: 911\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1418\u0647\u0640 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635:1\/11.<\/p>\n

(2) \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c (1426 \u0647\u0640 – 2005 \u0645)\u060c \u0635:1\/29.<\/p>\n

(3) \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0652\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 : 748\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u060c 1405 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1985\u060c \u0635: 8\/239\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u062a: 463\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1417 \u0647 \u0635:1\/62\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0631 (\u062a: 571\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 1415 \u0647\u0640 – 1995 \u0645\u060c \u0635:51\/297.<\/p>\n

(4) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (121), \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (35) 1424\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635:446-450.<\/p>\n

(5) \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0634\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649: 170\u0647\u0640)\u060c\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0635:178\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a 206 \u0647\u0640) \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1422 \u0647\u0640 – 2001 \u0645.<\/p>\n

(6) \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635: 446-450.<\/p>\n

(7) \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635:1<\/p>\n

(8) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a (\u062a: 429\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a:1\/102.<\/p>\n

(9) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 (\u062a: 255\u0647\u0640)\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 1423 \u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635:2\/50.<\/p>\n

(10) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0641:1\/103.<\/p>\n

(11) \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a:1\/30.<\/p>\n

(12) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u062d\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1407\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1987\u0645)\u060c \u0635:72.<\/p>\n

(13) \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635:1\/64.<\/p>\n

(14) \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621:10\/74.<\/p>\n

(15) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062f. \u062a)\u060c\u0635: 441.<\/p>\n

(16) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u0635:193.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><\/p>\n