{"id":18231,"date":"2026-10-30T11:34:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T11:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-11-33\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T18:13:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T18:13:29","slug":"7-11-33","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-11-33\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 33"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: zezoabojdeda@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: m.m.alabar@hietg.edu.ly<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Abdulaziz Ahmed Mohammed Abdulkarim<sup>1<\/sup>, Mohamed M. Mustafa<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Lecturer, Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Sirte, Libya.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> zezoabojdeda@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Lecturer, Higher Institute for Engineering Technology, Alqwarsha, Benghazi, Libya.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> m.m.alabar@hietg.edu.ly<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/33' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/33<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/33' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/33<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 688 - 700<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue11\/7-11-33.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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Mustafa&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-33\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-11-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Abdulkarim A. A. M; Mustafa M. M. (2026). Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Abdulkarim Abdulaziz Ahmed Mohammed; Mustafa Mohamed M.. 2026. \\&quot;Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abdulkarim A. A. M; Mustafa M. M. 2026. Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-11-01. [Cited 2026-11-01]. 7(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-33\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abdulkarim A. A. M; Mustafa M. M. Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-11-01; 7(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abdulkarim A. A. M; Mustafa M. M, \\&quot;Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Abdulkarim Abdulaziz Ahmed Mohammed; Mustafa Mohamed M.. \\&quot;Recycled Plastic Bag Waste as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate and Its Effects on Concrete Properties.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0623. \u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645. \u0645. (2026). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0623. \u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645. \u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-11-01]. 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-33\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0623. \u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645. \u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-11-01\u061b 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/33&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0623. \u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645. \u0645. \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study evaluated the effects of partially replacing coarse aggregate with plastic bag waste, together with using a Sika material as a partial cement replacement, on concrete density and compressive strength. An experimental approach compared a control mix with three mixes containing plastic at 3%, 6%, and 9% of coarse aggregate mass, paired with reported Sika replacement levels of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Tests used 150 \u00d7 150 \u00d7 150 mm cubes, and compressive strength results were reported at 7 and 28 days for water-cured specimens and specimens described as dry. The recorded density values decreased relative to the control. At 28 days, the mix containing 3% plastic and 10% Sika achieved the highest water-cured strength, 37.88 MPa, compared with 36.33 MPa for the control, an increase of approximately 4.27%. For dry specimens, the highest strength was 33.55 MPa at 6% plastic and 20% Sika. Strength declined at 9% plastic and 30% Sika. These findings suggest potential benefits at low replacement levels within the tested mixes. However, the individual effects of plastic and Sika cannot be isolated because their proportions varied simultaneously. The study recommends documenting specimen allocation, density units, curing conditions, and material identity, and independently testing each variable before generalizing the results.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Recycling; Plastic bag waste; Concrete; Compressive strength.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 [8] \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a [9] \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Hilles \u0648Ziara \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 [7]. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.1\u200e \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 3% \u06486% \u06489% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 10% \u064820% \u064830%\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0635\u064f\u062d\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 9% \u064830% \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.2\u200e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.2.1\u200e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u064f\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 (1) \u0648(2) \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"1280\" class=\"wp-image-18317\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-1.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-1.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-1-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-1-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-1-9x12.jpeg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"392\" height=\"644\" class=\"wp-image-18318\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-2.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-2.jpeg 392w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-2-183x300.jpeg 183w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-2-7x12.jpeg 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.2.2\u200e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u064f\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u064f\u0641\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"608\" height=\"588\" class=\"wp-image-18319\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-3.png 608w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-3-300x290.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-3-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3): \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.2.3\u200e \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u064f\u0637\u0639\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"553\" height=\"503\" class=\"wp-image-18320\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-4.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-4.jpeg 553w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-4-300x273.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-4-13x12.jpeg 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4): \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.2.4\u200e \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5) \u0627\u0633\u0645 SikaGrout 214-11\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 [10].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"492\" height=\"492\" class=\"wp-image-18321\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-5.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-5.jpeg 492w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-5-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-5-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-5-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"186\" height=\"307\" class=\"wp-image-18322\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-6.png 186w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-6-182x300.png 182w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-6-7x12.png 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 186px) 100vw, 186px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.2.5\u200e \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.3\u200e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064f\u0632\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u064f\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6) \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"339\" class=\"wp-image-18323\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-7.png 598w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-7-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-7-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6): \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 150 \u00d7 150 \u00d7 150 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064f\u064a\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064f\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" class=\"wp-image-18324\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-8.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-8.jpeg 1080w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-8-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-8-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-8-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-8-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-8-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" class=\"wp-image-18325\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-9.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-9.jpeg 1080w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-9-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-9-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-9-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-9-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-9-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (7): \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"1280\" class=\"wp-image-18326\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-10.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-10.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-10-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-10-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-10-9x12.jpeg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"516\" height=\"433\" class=\"wp-image-18327\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-11.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-11.jpeg 516w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-11-300x252.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-11-14x12.jpeg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (8): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e4.4\u200e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064e\u064a 7 \u064828 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (9). \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0639 150 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 22500 \u0645\u0645\u00b2. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"477\" class=\"wp-image-18328\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-12.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-12.jpeg 468w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-12-294x300.jpeg 294w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-12-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"1280\" class=\"wp-image-18329\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-13.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-13.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-13-169x300.jpeg 169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-13-576x1024.jpeg 576w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-13-7x12.jpeg 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (9): \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064f\u0632\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (10). \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 0.003375 \u0645\u00b3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"491\" height=\"374\" class=\"wp-image-18330\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-14.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-14.jpeg 491w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-14-300x229.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-14-16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-14-80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (10): \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e5.1\u200e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>2.43<\/td>\n<td>2.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2.32<\/td>\n<td>2.30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>2.301<\/td>\n<td>2.32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>2.216<\/td>\n<td>2.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 2.43 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.32 \u06482.301 \u06482.216\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 4.53% \u06485.31% \u06488.81%\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 2.30 \u06482.32 \u06482.25 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 2.35 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 (11\u201313) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18331\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-15.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-15.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-15-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-15-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-15-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-15-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (11): \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18332\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-16.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-16.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-16-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-16-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-16-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-16-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (12): \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18333\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-17.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-17.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-17-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-17-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-17-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-17-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (13): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 Water-cured \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648Dry specimens \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0637\u064a 6% \u06489%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e5.2\u200e \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (14) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 (15\u201317).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"1280\" class=\"wp-image-18334\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-18.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-18.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-18-169x300.jpeg 169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-18-576x1024.jpeg 576w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-18-7x12.jpeg 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (14): \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (MPa)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 (MPa)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>29.4<\/td>\n<td>22.85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>26.805<\/td>\n<td>26.66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>28.66<\/td>\n<td>26.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>18.815<\/td>\n<td>20.66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 29.4 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 28.66 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 6% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064820% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 2.52%. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 26.66 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 3% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064810% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 16.67% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 9% \u064830% \u0641\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18335\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-19.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-19.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-19-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-19-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-19-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-19-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (15): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18336\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-20.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-20.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-20-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-20-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-20-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-20-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (16): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18337\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-21.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-21.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-21-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-21-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-21-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-21-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (17): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 9% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064830% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 18.815 \u064820.66 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e5.3\u200e \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (MPa)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 (MPa)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (%)<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>36.33<\/td>\n<td>32.37<\/td>\n<td>12.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>37.88<\/td>\n<td>33.11<\/td>\n<td>14.41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>34.77<\/td>\n<td>33.55<\/td>\n<td>3.64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>25.11<\/td>\n<td>23.77<\/td>\n<td>5.64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (%) = [(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u2212 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629) \u00f7 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629] \u00d7 100.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 36.33 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 37.88 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 3% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064810% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 4.27%. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 34.77 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 6% \u064820%\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 25.11 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 9% \u064830%\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 4.29% \u064830.88% \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (18) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18338\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-22.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-22.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-22-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-22-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-22-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-22-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (18): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 32.37 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 3% \u064810% \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 33.11 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 6% \u064820% \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 33.55 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 3.65% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 23.77 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 9% \u064830%\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (19).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18339\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-23.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-23.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-23-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-23-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-23-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-23-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (19): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1480\" height=\"560\" class=\"wp-image-18340\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-24.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-24.png 1480w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-24-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-24-1024x387.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-24-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18231-24-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1480px) 100vw, 1480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (20): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (20) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.64% \u064814.41%. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u200e5.4\u200e \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 9% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064830% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 [5\u20139] \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 3% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064810% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 6% \u064820% \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0648 8.81% \u0639\u0646\u062f 9% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064830% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 6% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064820% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 3% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064810% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 37.88 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 4.27% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 33.55 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 6% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064820% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 9% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064830% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 9% \u064830%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>8 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 3% \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064810% \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[1] Li, Z. (2011). Advanced concrete technology. John Wiley &amp; Sons. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470950067<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[2] Moore, D. (1995). The Roman Pantheon: The triumph of concrete. Office Outlet Publishing. https:\/\/www.romanconcrete.com\/questions.htm<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[3] Department for Environment, Food &amp; Rural Affairs. (2013). Quality action plan: Proposals to promote high quality recycling of dry recyclates. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/221028\/pb13875-qap-recycling.pdf<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[4] Lienig, J., &amp; Bruemmer, H. (2017). Recycling requirements and design for environmental compliance. In Fundamentals of electronic systems design (pp. 193\u2013218). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-55840-0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[5] Rashwan, E. F. (2016). Effects of pre-treated recycled tire rubber on fresh and mechanical properties of concrete [Master\u2019s thesis, Islamic University of Gaza].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[6] Mohammed, S. J., Al-Hadithi, A. I., &amp; Ahmed, S. K. (2018). Producing of eco-friendly lightweight concrete using waste polystyrene particles as aggregates with adding waste plastic. Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, 12(1), 45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37650\/ijce.2018.142407<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[7] Hilles, M. M., &amp; Ziara, M. M. (2018). Mechanical behavior of high strength concrete reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer. Journal of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, 8(4), Article 318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2165-784X.1000318<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[8] \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629. (2005). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c 18(2)\u060c 7\u201314.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khalifa, H. N. (2005). The effect of adding wood ash on some properties of wet and solid concrete. Journal of Techniques, 18(2), 7\u201314.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[9] \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646. (2015). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 23(4)\u060c 804\u2013820.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hawi, K. H. (2015). Effect of fly ash as a partial replacement for sand on the properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Journal of University of Babylon, Engineering Sciences, 23(4), 804\u2013820.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">[10] Sika. (2025). SikaGrout-214-11: Shrinkage compensated, pumpable, cementitious grout [Product data sheet, Version 03.02]. https:\/\/vnm.sika.com\/dam\/dms\/vn01\/n\/sikagrout_-214-11.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18231","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18231"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18343,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18231\/revisions\/18343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}