{"id":18214,"date":"2026-10-30T11:34:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T11:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-11-16\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T17:58:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T17:58:26","slug":"7-11-16","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-11-16\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 16"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645. \u062f. \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0645. \u062f. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u00b9 Wesal.abdulaziz@aliraqia.edu.iq  \u00b2 Zxsenaa@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Fuad Arif and His Political and Military Role in Iraq up to 1967<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Wesal Abdul Aziz Mohammed<sup>1<\/sup>, Sinai Saleh Mahdi<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Department of History, College of Education for Women, Al-Iraqia University, Iraq.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b2 Ministry of Education, Rusafa II, Iraq.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> \u00b9 Wesal.abdulaziz@aliraqia.edu.iq; \u00b2 Zxsenaa@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/16' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/16<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/16' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/16<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 307 - 322<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue11\/7-11-16.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. A; Mahdi S. S. (2026). Fuad Arif and His Political and Military Role in Iraq up to 1967. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Mohammed Wesal Abdul Aziz; Mahdi Sinai Saleh. 2026. \\&quot;Fuad Arif and His Political and Military Role in Iraq up to 1967.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Mohammed W. A. A; Mahdi S. S. 2026. Fuad Arif and His Political and Military Role in Iraq up to 1967. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-11-01. [Cited 2026-11-01]. 7(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-16\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Mohammed W. A. A; Mahdi S. S. Fuad Arif and His Political and Military Role in Iraq up to 1967. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-11-01; 7(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Mohammed W. A. A; Mahdi S. S, \\&quot;Fuad Arif and His Political and Military Role in Iraq up to 1967,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Mohammed Wesal Abdul Aziz; Mahdi Sinai Saleh. \\&quot;Fuad Arif and His Political and Military Role in Iraq up to 1967.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648. \u0639. \u0639\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0633. \u0635. (2026). \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. 2026. \u00ab\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648. \u0639. \u0639\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0633. \u0635. \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-11-01]. 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-16\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648. \u0639. \u0639\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0633. \u0635. \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-11-01\u061b 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648. \u0639. \u0639\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0633. \u0635. \u00ab\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. \u00ab\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u0645\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026-11-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/16&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1958. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1961 \u06481963 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study analyzes Fuad Arif\u2019s political and military career in Iraq, focusing on how his upbringing, military training, and connections shaped his transition to administrative and ministerial office and his position on the Kurdish question up to 1967. A historical and analytical approach draws on his memoirs, historical works, and published testimonies, recognizing their subjectivity and discrepancies. The study examines his early life, military education, service as King Ghazi\u2019s aide, connections with the Free Officers, and appointments after July 1958. The evidence suggests that military networks sustained his public involvement across regime changes. The Kurdish question strongly influenced his relations with governments, particularly his resignations in 1961 and 1963 and participation in settlement efforts during the 1960s. His career illustrates the interaction of Iraqi national affiliation and Kurdish identity, and the limits of personal mediation. The study recommends comparing his accounts with official records and contemporary correspondence before resolving disputed events.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Fuad Arif; Iraqi Army; King Ghazi; Kurds; Iraq.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a 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\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1967\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1986). \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062c. 6). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aswad, A. M. (1986). Political encyclopedia of Iraq (Vol. 6). Beirut: Al-Dar al-Arabiyya lil-Mawsuat. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627. (1992). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u061b \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0632). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Batatu, H. (1992). Iraq: Communists, Baathists, and Free Officers (Book 3; A. al-Razzaz, Trans.). Beirut. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a. (2003). \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Baldawi, A. T. (2003). The struggle of the Kurdish people and Barzani\u2019s place in secret Iraqi documents. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0625\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0625. \u0641. (1989). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 1915\u20131975 (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Penrose, E., &amp; Penrose, E. F. (1989). Iraq: A study of its foreign relations and internal developments, 1915\u20131975 (A. H. al-Qaisi, Trans.). Beirut. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (1981). \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Habib, M. H. (1981). Facts about the July 14 Revolution in Iraq. Beirut. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2004). \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Harbi, A. J. M. (2004). Figures of monarchical Iraq. London: Dar al-Hikma. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628. (2004). \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hasan, T. (2004). The assassination of truth: Abd al-Salam Muhammad Arif and the problem of writing his political history. Beirut. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642. (1990). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1941 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hasani, A. R. (1990). The hidden secrets of the 1941 liberation movement. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (1987). \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Husayn, K. I. (1987). Encyclopedia of July 14: Al-Shawwaf\u2019s revolt in Mosul and the conflicts between Abd al-Karim Qasim and Abd al-Salam Arif. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (1989). \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Husayn, K. I. (1989). Encyclopedia of July 14: The puzzling enigma, Abd al-Karim Qasim, the beginnings of his rise. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633. (2005). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a 1958\u20131968 (\u0637. 2). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Humaydi, J. A. (2005). History of Iraqi ministries in the republican era, 1958\u20131968 (2nd ed.). Baghdad: Bayt al-Hikma. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f. (1997). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khadduri, M. (1997). Republican Iraq. Tehran. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a. (1979). \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a 1921\u20131941. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Khattab, R. H. H. (1979). The establishment of the Iraqi army and the development of its political role, 1921\u20131941. Baghdad: Dar al-Hurriyya. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. (1987). \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632. \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dar al-Shu\u2019un al-Thaqafiyya. (1987). The historical memory of the July 14 Revolution. Afaq Arabiyya. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (1966). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0637. 2). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Durra, M. (1966). The Kurdish question (2nd ed.). Beirut. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. (1981). \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1958 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u0637. 2). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zubaydi, L. A. H. (1981). The July 14, 1958 Revolution in Iraq (2nd ed.). Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (1989). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0647. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zubaydi, M. H. (1989). King Ghazi and his aides. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645. (1999). \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 8 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1963: \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Said, A. K. (1999). Iraq on February 8, 1963: From a dialogue of concepts to a dialogue of blood, reflections on Talib Shabib\u2019s memories. London. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0644\u0648\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u063a\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631. (2003). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Farouk-Sluglett, M., &amp; Sluglett, P. (2003). Iraq since 1958: From revolution to dictatorship (M. al-Nibrasi, Trans.). Beirut: Al-Jamal. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646. (1988). \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c (1). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sindi, B. (1988). Bakr Sidqi and the Kurdish question: An opinion and response. Al-Thaqafa, (1). Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. (2000). \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645: \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shirazi, M. al-Husayni. (2000). Those days: Pages from Iraq\u2019s political history. Beirut. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645. (2002). \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Talabani, M. (2002). The Hiwa Party. Sulaymaniyah: Khak Press. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646. (2006). \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Turayhi, M. H. (2006). Al-Turayhi\u2019s memoirs (M. H. al-Zubaydi, Ed. and commentary). Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f. (2002). \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 (\u062c. 1\u060c \u0637. 2\u061b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f). \u062f\u0647\u0648\u0643: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arif, F. (2002). Memoirs of Fuad Arif (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.; K. M. Ahmad, introduction and commentary). Duhok: Khebat Press. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646. (2004). \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Amiri, T. H. (2004). Encyclopedia of Iraqi tribal genealogies: The Alid sayyids. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633. (2004\u20132005). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a 1958\u20131968 (\u0637. 2\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ani, N. A. H., Al-Harbi, A. J. M., &amp; Humaydi, J. A. (2004\u20132005). History of Iraqi ministries in the republican era, 1958\u20131968 (2nd rev. and expanded ed.). Baghdad: Bayt al-Hikma. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a. (1983). \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1958 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abd al-Hamid, S. (1983). Secrets of the July 14, 1958 Revolution in Iraq: Beginnings, organization, execution, and deviation. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633. (1947). \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Azzawi, A. (1947). The Kurdish tribes of Iraq. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Alawi, H. (n.d.). Abd al-Karim Qasim: A perspective after twenty years. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645. (1989). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a 1958\u20131963. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ali, M. K. (1989). Iraq under Abd al-Karim Qasim: A study of political forces and ideological conflict, 1958\u20131963. Baghdad. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621. (1989). \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641. \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 14(5). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Umari, H. (1989). An interview with Fuad Arif. Afaq Arabiyya, 14(5). Baghdad: Dar al-Shu\u2019un al-Thaqafiyya. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631. (1987). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 1933\u20131939. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Faraj, L. J. (1987). King Ghazi and his role in Iraq\u2019s domestic and foreign policy, 1933\u20131939. Baghdad: Maktabat al-Yaqza al-Arabiyya. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0633. (\u062f.\u062a.). 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Caractacus. (n.d.). July 14: Iraq\u2019s revolution (K. Hammad, Trans.). Beirut. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c. (1965). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lenczowski, G. (1965). The Middle East in world affairs (J. al-Khayyat, Trans.). Baghdad: Dar al-Kashif. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u064a. (2006). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marr, P. (2006). The modern history of Iraq: The monarchical era (M. N. Ahmad, Trans.). Baghdad. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1880 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 1958\u0645: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Miziri, S. (n.d.). The political and cultural formation of Kurdish parties and associations from 1880 to 1958: Their founders and activities. [In Arabic].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f. (2004). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">McDowall, D. (2004). A modern history of the Kurds (R. Al Muhammad, Trans.). Beirut: Dar al-Farabi. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623. \u0645. (1978). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Menteshashvili, A. M. (1978). Iraq during the years of the British mandate (H. S. al-Tikriti, Trans.). Baghdad: University of Baghdad Press. [Arabic edition].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18214"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18275,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18214\/revisions\/18275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}