{"id":18212,"date":"2026-10-30T11:34:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T11:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-11-14\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T17:57:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T17:57:09","slug":"7-11-14","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-11-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 14"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: eltayeb.m.a.mohamedain@kassalauni.edu.sd\u061b eltayebain1967@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Eltayeb Mohamedain Abdullah<sup>1<\/sup>; Alsara Adam Abdullah<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Kassala, Sudan.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> PhD Researcher, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Kassala, Sudan.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> eltayeb.m.a.mohamedain@kassalauni.edu.sd; eltayebain1967@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 272 - 288<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue11\/7-11-14.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M; Abdullah A. A. (2026). The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Abdullah Eltayeb Mohamedain; Abdullah Alsara Adam. 2026. \\&quot;The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abdullah E. M; Abdullah A. A. 2026. The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-11-01. [Cited 2026-11-01]. 7(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-14\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abdullah E. M; Abdullah A. A. The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-11-01; 7(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abdullah E. M; Abdullah A. A, \\&quot;The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Abdullah Eltayeb Mohamedain; Abdullah Alsara Adam. \\&quot;The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0622. (2026). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0645. 2026. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0622. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-11-01]. 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-14\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0622. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-11-01\u061b 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627. \u0622. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0645. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026-11-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/14&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2012\u20132022\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a 78 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2017\u20132022. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 0.2903 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 0.0186\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 0.3954 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 0.0002. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061b \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examined corruption and economic performance over 2012\u20132022 using panel data for thirteen countries. Following fixed and random effects estimation and the Hausman test, a log-linear fixed effects model incorporated a four-year lag of the institutional indicator, government expenditure, unemployment, and autoregressive errors. The final estimation covered 78 observations over 2017\u20132022. The institutional indicator was positively associated with GDP (coefficient = 0.2903; p = 0.0186), as was government expenditure (coefficient = 0.3954; p = 0.0002). Unemployment had a negative, statistically insignificant coefficient. These associations do not establish causality or a direct effect on the growth rate, since the dependent variable measures output levels. Clearer documentation of the corruption indicator and geographical coverage is required. The study recommends stronger transparency, accountability, and independent oversight, together with better data documentation and robustness testing.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Corruption; Economic growth; West Africa; Panel data; Public spending.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: NSP)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 = 0.44<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  HNSJ\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>ISSN: (e) 2709-0833<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  www.hnjournal.net\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012\u20132022\u0645): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u00b9\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u00b2<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.\n<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: eltayeb.m.a.mohamedain@kassalauni.edu.sd\u061b eltayebain1967@gmail.com\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  HNSJ, 2026, 7(11); <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/14\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/14<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a  \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:  https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/14\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n   \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:  10\/10\/2026\u0645                  \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 17\/10\/2026\u0645                       \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/11\/2026\u0645\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061b \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in West African Countries (2012\u20132022): An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Data<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Eltayeb Mohamedain Abdullah\u00b9; Alsara Adam Abdullah\u00b2<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  1 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Kassala, Sudan.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  2 PhD Researcher, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Kassala, Sudan.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Email: eltayeb.m.a.mohamedain@kassalauni.edu.sd; eltayebain1967@gmail.com\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  HNSJ, 2026, 7(11); <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/14\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/14<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Arabic Scientific Research Identifier: https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/14\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>  <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Received at 10\/10\/2026           Accepted at 17\/10\/2026              Published at 01\/11\/2026                                                     <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  This study examined corruption and economic performance over 2012\u20132022 using panel data for thirteen countries. Following fixed and random effects estimation and the Hausman test, a log-linear fixed effects model incorporated a four-year lag of the institutional indicator, government expenditure, unemployment, and autoregressive errors. The final estimation covered 78 observations over 2017\u20132022. The institutional indicator was positively associated with GDP (coefficient = 0.2903; p = 0.0186), as was government expenditure (coefficient = 0.3954; p = 0.0002). Unemployment had a negative, statistically insignificant coefficient. These associations do not establish causality or a direct effect on the growth rate, since the dependent variable measures output levels. Clearer documentation of the corruption indicator and geographical coverage is required. The study recommends stronger transparency, accountability, and independent oversight, together with better data documentation and robustness testing.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\t<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>Corruption; Economic growth; West Africa; Panel data; Public spending.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>. 1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n       \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f 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\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 2022). \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 3.05 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a 1.5 \u0648\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a 4.5. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 1.51 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2-1) \u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2-1) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2012\u20132022):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (CPT)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  4.41\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  4.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  4.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  416.15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.55\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  4.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  4.88 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.50\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.50\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.46 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.00\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  458.73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.91\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.02 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.86\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.47 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0648\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.77\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  880.05 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.27\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  138.73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.73\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  250.70 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2023).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 4.41 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4.5. \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 3.55 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 4.0\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 3.5. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0640 1.73 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f 1.5. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u063a 2.27.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 4.88 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.36 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 138.73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2023)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062f (2020)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u062f.\u062a.)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f: \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 32 \u0625\u0644\u0649 33 \u0645\u0646 100\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 60 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 30 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f: \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0646\u062d\u0648 88.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 (UNCTAD, 2020).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (Wei, 1999).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI): \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 panel  \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 14 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2000-2018 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a . \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2003 \u0640 2019)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Shira et al., 2014\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c 2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a 22 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2001-2012) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644Panel. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4-1 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 (Panel Data Model):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  GDP<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 i \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 t\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  COR<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \/ \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 i \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 t (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  GOV<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  UNM<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648  \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648  \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  i: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (i = 1, N)\u060c \u0648t: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 2012\u20132022.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4-2 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (2)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 (Pooled OLS): \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (Fixed Effects Model &#8211; FE): \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Random Effects Model &#8211; RE): \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Hausman Test): \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (FE) \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (RE).\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.5:<\/strong><a id=\"post-18212-_Hlk243071700\"><\/a><strong> \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Levin, Lin &amp; Chu &#8211; LLC):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-1) \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Levin, Lin &amp; Chu &#8211; LLC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-1): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\n<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t\u2217)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Prob)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1%.\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -7.07117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>I(0) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1%.\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -2.59868\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0047\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>I(0) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1% .\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>-3.05386<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.0011<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>I(0)  \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 (GOV)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1%  .\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -3.91259\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>I (0) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Levin, Lin &amp; Chu &#8211; LLC).\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649I(0)  \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1% ).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (First Differences) .\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a N\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Panel Data) .\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.5 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Hausman Test): \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (FE) \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (RE).<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 (H<sub>0<\/sub>): \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0641\u0623).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 (H<sub>1<\/sub>): \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632).\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 (Chi-Sq. Statistic): \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 13.105 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (d.f. = 5).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Prob \/ p-value): \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 0.0224 (\u0623\u064a 2.24%).\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (0.0224) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 (0.05)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 (H<sub>0<\/sub>) \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 (H<sub>1<\/sub>).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (Fixed Effects Model) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a GDP) \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Panel Data) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2022 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644 13 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b\/\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631: \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R^2): \u0628\u0644\u063a 0.974\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 97.4% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0643\u0644 (F-statistic): \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F \u0646\u062d\u0648 319.54 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (0.0000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.5 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Panel Least Squares:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-2): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u03c7\u00b2<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  13.105029\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0224\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22121.7310 \u00d7 10\u2079\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22121.0388 \u00d7 10\u2079\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.3338 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2077\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.2306\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 (EXR)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  6.5267 \u00d7 10\u2076\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22127.1594 \u00d7 10\u2076\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.0516 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u00b3\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0132\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22127.3973 \u00d7 10\u2077\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22127.6192 \u00d7 10\u2077\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  4.2043 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u00b3\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.7322\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  7.8152\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  8.8399\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.1919\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0193\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22122.7975 \u00d7 10\u2078\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22122.8167 \u00d7 10\u2078\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  3.9515 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2076\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.9923\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 (0.0224)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Panel Least Squares \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640 EViews.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-3): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 t<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (C)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  6.74 \u00d7 10\u2079\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  4.75 \u00d7 10\u2079\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.418491\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.1585\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22121.73 \u00d7 10\u2079\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.13 \u00d7 10\u2079\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22121.530091\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.1285\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 (EXR)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  6526727\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  6986185\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.934233\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.3520\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u221273973330\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  40970227\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22121.805539\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0734\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  7.815158\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.709099\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  11.02125\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.0000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22122.80 \u00d7 10\u2078\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.72 \u00d7 10\u2078\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22121.028499\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.3057\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP)<\/strong>. \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629: <strong>2012\u20132022<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 <strong>11 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064813 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648143 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f R\u00b2\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.977507\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.62 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2070\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.974448\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  1.69 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2070\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2.70 \u00d7 10\u2079\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  46.38513\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  9.09 \u00d7 10\u00b2\u2070\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  46.75808\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u22123298.537\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u2013\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  46.53668\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  319.5413\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646\u2013\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.723758\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  0.000000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u2014\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u2014\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n   \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Panel Least Squares \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640 EViews.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.5 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 13 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (GDP):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 0.290254 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 0.0186. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f&#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (GDP):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (GDP):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 = -0.051722\u061b p = 0.4753).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646 (Okun&#8217;s Law)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.5 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f R^2 ): \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.9775\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R^2) \u0646\u062d\u0648 0.9744. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.9971. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 97.4% \u0625\u0644\u0649 99.7% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP) \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F): \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 319.54 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (0.0000)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a 1684.945 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 0.0000. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646-\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 &#8211; DW): \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646-\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 0.7237 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.2881 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (AIC \u0648Schwarz): \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 AIC (AIC = -2.578) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632 (Schwarz = -2.064)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (C = 14.58152): \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f  =0.290: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a = 0.395\u061b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1% \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 0.395%.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 = -0.051722\u061b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621AR (1) =0.499642\u061b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645: \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.6 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012-2022)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0647\u064a:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (ECOWAS) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a.-\u0623). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 2012\u20132022].\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  World Bank. (n.d.-a). World Development Indicators [Database; study period 2012\u20132022]. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a.-\u0628). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a].\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  World Bank. (n.d.-b). Worldwide Governance Indicators [Database]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a.-\u062c). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1 = \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c 6 = \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639) [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ].\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  World Bank. (n.d.-c). CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1 = low to 6 = high) [Indicator IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ]. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (2022). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099747310032289885\/pdf\/IDU-386e3f44-3b62-49af-98b6-569d8d7978cc.pdf\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  World Bank. (2022). CPIA Africa, October 2022: Assessing Africa\u2019s policies and institutions. https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099747310032289885\/pdf\/IDU-386e3f44-3b62-49af-98b6-569d8d7978cc.pdf\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 11(3)\u060c 68\u201385. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/151244\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Benzemra, M., &amp; Benabou, D. (2021). Corruption and economic development: A comparative analysis using panel data. Strategy and Development Review, 11(3), 68\u201385. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/151244\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646. (2003). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c (21)\u060c 11\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/skjaz.2003.358073\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Al-Jabri, A. B. H. (2003). Economic corruption: Types, causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of the Saleh Kamel Center for Islamic Economics at Al-Azhar University, (21), 11\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/skjaz.2003.358073\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2022). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2003\u20132019). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c 12(1)\u060c 436\u2013453. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/189559\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Saidi, L., &amp; Mekid, A. (2022). The impact of corruption on economic growth in North African countries during 2003\u20132019. Al-Ibdaa Journal, 12(1), 436\u2013453. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/189559\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Ajlan, A. K. D., &amp; Aday, N. S. (n.d.). Corruption and its impact on the public economy. Iraqi Ministry of Finance, Economic Department, Tax Policy Division.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. (2008\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(70)\u060c 2\u201315. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Ali, A. A. (2008, February). Indicators for measuring administrative corruption. Development Bridge, 7(70), 2\u201315. Arab Planning Institute.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0642\u0631\u0632\u0648\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f. (2025). \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(2)\u060c 1170\u20131193.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/275770\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Guerzou, B., &amp; Dahmani, E. (2025). Political corruption between multiple concepts, diverse approaches, and the need for remedies. Academic Journal of Legal and Political Research, 9(2), 1170\u20131193. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/275770\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. (2023). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f 2022.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/cpi\/2022\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Transparency International. (2023). Corruption Perceptions Index 2022. https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/cpi\/2022\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Pulok, M. H. (2010). The impact of corruption on economic development of Bangladesh: Evidence on the basis of an extended Solow model (MPRA Paper No. 28755; posted 2011). https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/28755\/\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2020). Economic development in Africa report 2020: Tackling illicit financial flows for sustainable development in Africa. United Nations. https:\/\/unctad.org\/publication\/economic-development-africa-report-2020\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Wei, S.-J. (1999). Corruption in economic development: Beneficial grease, minor annoyance, or major obstacle? (Policy Research Working Paper No. 2048). World Bank. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-2048\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Series:  COR\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Date: 08\/05\/26   Time: 13:51\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Sample: 2012 2022\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">\n<p>\n  Exogenous variables: Individual effects, individual linear trends\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  User-specified lags: 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Total (balanced) observations: 72\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\">\n<p>\n  Cross-sections included: 8 (5 dropped)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Method\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Statistic\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Prob.**\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -2.59868\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0047\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  ** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Intermediate results on COR\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Cross\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2nd Stage\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Variance\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  HAC of\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Max\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Band-\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  section\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  of Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Dep.\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  width\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.94737\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0273\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0065\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 2\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Dropped from Test\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 3\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.67857\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0149\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0024\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 4\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Dropped from Test\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.43612\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0135\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0026\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 6\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.00000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0146\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0133\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 7\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Dropped from Test\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 8\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Dropped from Test\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 9\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.11667\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0199\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0035\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 10\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.83713\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0212\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0306\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 11\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.00000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0146\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0133\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 12\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.67857\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0149\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0024\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Dropped from Test\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  t-Stat\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  SE Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  mu*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  sig*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Pooled\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.78577\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -6.476\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.022\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.703\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.003\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a072\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Series:  GOV\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Date: 08\/05\/26   Time: 13:58\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Sample: 2012 2022\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">\n<p>\n  Exogenous variables: Individual effects, individual linear trends\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  User-specified lags: 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Total (balanced) observations: 117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Cross-sections included: 13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Method\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Statistic\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Prob.**\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -3.05386\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0011\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  ** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Intermediate results on GOV\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Cross\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2nd Stage\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Variance\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  HAC of\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Max\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Band-\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  section\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  of Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Dep.\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  width\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.58817\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 2\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.51287\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a06.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 3\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.43650\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a07.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a08.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 4\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.72947\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a07.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a05.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.72697\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a06.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a07.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 6\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.67580\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.E+14\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 7\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.37278\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 8\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.53447\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.E+14\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 9\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.61662\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+14\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a05.E+13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a06.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 10\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.03794\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a08.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 11\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.82952\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+14\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+14\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 12\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -2.18010\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.16278\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a08.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a05.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  t-Stat\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  SE Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  mu*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  sig*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Pooled\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.94356\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -8.657\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.102\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.703\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.003\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a0117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Series:  GDP\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Date: 08\/05\/26   Time: 13:53\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Sample: 2012 2022\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">\n<p>\n  Exogenous variables: Individual effects, individual linear trends\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  User-specified lags: 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Total (balanced) observations: 117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Cross-sections included: 13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Method\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Statistic\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Prob.**\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -7.07117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  ** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Intermediate results on GDP\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Cross\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2nd Stage\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Variance\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  HAC of\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Max\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Band-\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  section\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  of Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Dep.\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  width\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.55500\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a05.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 2\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.88653\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a08.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 3\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.35416\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+18\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a07.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 4\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.80448\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a06.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.49654\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+18\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 6\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.07235\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 7\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.85696\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a03.E+18\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a06.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 8\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.68722\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a05.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a04.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 9\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.02767\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a08.E+14\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 10\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.32026\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a07.E+18\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a08.E+18\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 11\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.37454\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+15\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.E+14\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 12\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -1.31294\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a06.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.E+17\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.51857\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.E+16\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  t-Stat\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  SE Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  mu*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  sig*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Pooled\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.80408\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -10.973\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.099\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.703\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.003\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a0117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Series:  UNM\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Date: 08\/05\/26   Time: 13:55\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Sample: 2012 2022\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\">\n<p>\n  Exogenous variables: Individual effects\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  User-specified lags: 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Total (balanced) observations: 117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Cross-sections included: 13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\n  Method\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Statistic\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Prob.**\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p>\n  Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -3.91259\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0000\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p>\n  ** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p>\n  Intermediate results on UNM\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Cross\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  2nd Stage\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Variance\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  HAC of\u00a0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Max\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Band-\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  section\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  of Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Dep.\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Lag\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  width\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 1\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.71015\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.7091\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.2303\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 2\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.34039\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.7407\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.9538\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 3\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.90638\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0095\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0219\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 4\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.42317\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0189\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0519\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 5\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.68154\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0464\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0136\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 6\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.78558\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.1621\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.1123\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a08.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 7\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.69599\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.5224\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.2091\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 8\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.18150\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0636\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0964\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a02.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 9\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.28838\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.2026\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.1394\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 10\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.97862\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.6428\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.4166\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 11\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.68944\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0617\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0113\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a07.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 12\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.47588\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.4627\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.5490\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Country 13\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.48334\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0628\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.0193\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09.0\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a09\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Coefficient\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  t-Stat\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  SE Reg\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  mu*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  sig*\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Obs\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n  Pooled\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.44137\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -7.168\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a01.072\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  -0.554\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a00.919\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\n  \u00a0117\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a01 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 : \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;: \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 2022). \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 3.05 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a 1.5 \u0648\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a 4.5. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 1.51 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2-1) \u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2-1) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2012\u20132022):<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (CPT)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/td>\n<td>4.41<\/td>\n<td>4.0<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>416.15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.55<\/td>\n<td>3.0<\/td>\n<td>4.0<\/td>\n<td>4.88 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>3.50<\/td>\n<td>3.5<\/td>\n<td>3.5<\/td>\n<td>3.15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>3.50<\/td>\n<td>3.5<\/td>\n<td>3.5<\/td>\n<td>1.46 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>3.00<\/td>\n<td>3.0<\/td>\n<td>3.0<\/td>\n<td>458.73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.91<\/td>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>3.0<\/td>\n<td>1.02 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>2.86<\/td>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>3.0<\/td>\n<td>2.47 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0648<\/td>\n<td>2.77<\/td>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>3.0<\/td>\n<td>880.05 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.27<\/td>\n<td>2.0<\/td>\n<td>3.0<\/td>\n<td>138.73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648<\/td>\n<td>1.73<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>2.0<\/td>\n<td>250.70 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 4.41 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4.5. \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 3.55 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 4.0\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 3.5. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0640 1.73 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f 1.5. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u063a 2.27.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 4.88 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6.36 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 138.73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2023)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062f (2020)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u062f.\u062a.)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f: \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 32 \u0625\u0644\u0649 33 \u0645\u0646 100\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 60 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 30 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f: \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0646\u062d\u0648 88.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 (UNCTAD, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (Wei, 1999).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI): \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>. 3\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f .\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f 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\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a . \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2003 \u0640 2019)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Shira et al., 2014\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c 2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a 22 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2001-2012) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644Panel. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4-1 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 (Panel Data Model):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">GDP<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 i \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 t\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">COR<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \/ \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 i \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 t (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">GOV<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNM<sub>it<\/sub>: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">i: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (i = 1, N)\u060c \u0648t: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 2012\u20132022.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4-2 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (2)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 (Pooled OLS): \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (Fixed Effects Model &#8211; FE): \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Random Effects Model &#8211; RE): \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Hausman Test): \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (FE) \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (RE).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1.5:<\/strong><a id=\"post-18212-_Hlk243071700\"><\/a><strong> \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Levin, Lin &amp; Chu &#8211; LLC):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-1) \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Levin, Lin &amp; Chu &#8211; LLC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-1): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t\u2217)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Prob)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1%.<\/td>\n<td>-7.07117<\/td>\n<td>0.0000<\/td>\n<td><strong>I(0) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1%.<\/td>\n<td>-2.59868<\/td>\n<td>0.0047<\/td>\n<td><strong>I(0) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1% .<\/td>\n<td><strong>-3.05386<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.0011<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>I(0) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 (GOV)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 1% .<\/td>\n<td>-3.91259<\/td>\n<td>0.0000<\/td>\n<td><strong>I (0) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Levin, Lin &amp; Chu &#8211; LLC).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649I(0) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1% ).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (First Differences) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a N\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Panel Data) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.5 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Hausman Test): \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (FE) \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (RE).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 (H<sub>0<\/sub>): \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0641\u0623).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 (H<sub>1<\/sub>): \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 (Chi-Sq. Statistic): \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 13.105 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (d.f. = 5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Prob \/ p-value): \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 0.0224 (\u0623\u064a 2.24%).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (0.0224) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 (0.05)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 (H<sub>0<\/sub>) \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 (H<sub>1<\/sub>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (Fixed Effects Model) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a GDP) \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Panel Data) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2012 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2022 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644 13 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b\/\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631: \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R^2): \u0628\u0644\u063a 0.974\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 97.4% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0643\u0644 (F-statistic): \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F \u0646\u062d\u0648 319.54 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (0.0000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.5 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Panel Least Squares:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-2): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u03c7\u00b2<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>13.105029<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>0.0224<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR)<\/td>\n<td>\u22121.7310 \u00d7 10\u2079<\/td>\n<td>\u22121.0388 \u00d7 10\u2079<\/td>\n<td>3.3338 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2077<\/td>\n<td>0.2306<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 (EXR)<\/td>\n<td>6.5267 \u00d7 10\u2076<\/td>\n<td>\u22127.1594 \u00d7 10\u2076<\/td>\n<td>3.0516 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u00b3<\/td>\n<td>0.0132<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI)<\/td>\n<td>\u22127.3973 \u00d7 10\u2077<\/td>\n<td>\u22127.6192 \u00d7 10\u2077<\/td>\n<td>4.2043 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u00b3<\/td>\n<td>0.7322<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV)<\/td>\n<td>7.8152<\/td>\n<td>8.8399<\/td>\n<td>0.1919<\/td>\n<td>0.0193<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM)<\/td>\n<td>\u22122.7975 \u00d7 10\u2078<\/td>\n<td>\u22122.8167 \u00d7 10\u2078<\/td>\n<td>3.9515 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2076<\/td>\n<td>0.9923<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 (0.0224)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Panel Least Squares \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640 EViews.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5-3): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 t<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (C)<\/td>\n<td>6.74 \u00d7 10\u2079<\/td>\n<td>4.75 \u00d7 10\u2079<\/td>\n<td>1.418491<\/td>\n<td>0.1585<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR)<\/td>\n<td>\u22121.73 \u00d7 10\u2079<\/td>\n<td>1.13 \u00d7 10\u2079<\/td>\n<td>\u22121.530091<\/td>\n<td>0.1285<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 (EXR)<\/td>\n<td>6526727<\/td>\n<td>6986185<\/td>\n<td>0.934233<\/td>\n<td>0.3520<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI)<\/td>\n<td>\u221273973330<\/td>\n<td>40970227<\/td>\n<td>\u22121.805539<\/td>\n<td>0.0734<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV)<\/td>\n<td>7.815158<\/td>\n<td>0.709099<\/td>\n<td>11.02125<\/td>\n<td>0.0000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM)<\/td>\n<td>\u22122.80 \u00d7 10\u2078<\/td>\n<td>2.72 \u00d7 10\u2078<\/td>\n<td>\u22121.028499<\/td>\n<td>0.3057<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP)<\/strong>. \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629: <strong>2012\u20132022<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 <strong>11 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u064813 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648143 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f R\u00b2<\/td>\n<td>0.977507<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<td>1.62 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2070<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644<\/td>\n<td>0.974448<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<td>1.69 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2070<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>2.70 \u00d7 10\u2079<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>46.38513<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>9.09 \u00d7 10\u00b2\u2070<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632<\/td>\n<td>46.75808<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u22123298.537<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u2013\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>46.53668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F<\/td>\n<td>319.5413<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646\u2013\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.723758<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F<\/td>\n<td>0.000000<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Panel Least Squares \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640 EViews.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 13 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (GDP):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 0.290254 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 0.0186. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (FDI) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f&#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (GDP):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (GOV) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (UNM) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (GDP):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 = -0.051722\u061b p = 0.4753).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646 (Okun&#8217;s Law)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.5 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f R^2 ): \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.9775\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (R^2) \u0646\u062d\u0648 0.9744. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.9971. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 97.4% \u0625\u0644\u0649 99.7% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP) \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F): \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 F \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 319.54 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (0.0000)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a 1684.945 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 0.0000. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646-\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 &#8211; DW): \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646-\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 0.7237 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.2881 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (AIC \u0648Schwarz): \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 AIC (AIC = -2.578) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632 (Schwarz = -2.064)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a (C = 14.58152): \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f =0.290: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a = 0.395\u061b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1% \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 0.395%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 = -0.051722\u061b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621AR (1) =0.499642\u061b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645: \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6.\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1.6 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2012-2022)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (COR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (GDP) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (ECOWAS) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a.-\u0623). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 2012\u20132022].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">World Bank. (n.d.-a). World Development Indicators [Database; study period 2012\u20132022]. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a.-\u0628). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">World Bank. (n.d.-b). Worldwide Governance Indicators [Database]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a.-\u062c). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1 = \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c 6 = \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639) [\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">World Bank. (n.d.-c). CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1 = low to 6 = high) [Indicator IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ]. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (2022). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099747310032289885\/pdf\/IDU-386e3f44-3b62-49af-98b6-569d8d7978cc.pdf<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">World Bank. (2022). CPIA Africa, October 2022: Assessing Africa\u2019s policies and institutions. https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099747310032289885\/pdf\/IDU-386e3f44-3b62-49af-98b6-569d8d7978cc.pdf<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 11(3)\u060c 68\u201385. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/151244<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Benzemra, M., &amp; Benabou, D. (2021). Corruption and economic development: A comparative analysis using panel data. Strategy and Development Review, 11(3), 68\u201385. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/151244<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646. (2003). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c (21)\u060c 11\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/skjaz.2003.358073<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jabri, A. B. H. (2003). Economic corruption: Types, causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of the Saleh Kamel Center for Islamic Economics at Al-Azhar University, (21), 11\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/skjaz.2003.358073<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2022). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2003\u20132019). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c 12(1)\u060c 436\u2013453. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/189559<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saidi, L., &amp; Mekid, A. (2022). The impact of corruption on economic growth in North African countries during 2003\u20132019. Al-Ibdaa Journal, 12(1), 436\u2013453. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/189559<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ajlan, A. K. D., &amp; Aday, N. S. (n.d.). Corruption and its impact on the public economy. Iraqi Ministry of Finance, Economic Department, Tax Policy Division.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. (2008\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(70)\u060c 2\u201315. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ali, A. A. (2008, February). Indicators for measuring administrative corruption. Development Bridge, 7(70), 2\u201315. Arab Planning Institute.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0631\u0632\u0648\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f. (2025). \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(2)\u060c 1170\u20131193.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/275770<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Guerzou, B., &amp; Dahmani, E. (2025). Political corruption between multiple concepts, diverse approaches, and the need for remedies. Academic Journal of Legal and Political Research, 9(2), 1170\u20131193. https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/275770<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. (2023). \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f 2022.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/cpi\/2022<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Transparency International. (2023). Corruption Perceptions Index 2022. https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/cpi\/2022<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pulok, M. H. (2010). The impact of corruption on economic development of Bangladesh: Evidence on the basis of an extended Solow model (MPRA Paper No. 28755; posted 2011). https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/28755\/<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2020). Economic development in Africa report 2020: Tackling illicit financial flows for sustainable development in Africa. United Nations. https:\/\/unctad.org\/publication\/economic-development-africa-report-2020<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wei, S.-J. (1999). Corruption in economic development: Beneficial grease, minor annoyance, or major obstacle? (Policy Research Working Paper No. 2048). World Bank. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-2048<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Series: COR<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Date: 08\/05\/26 Time: 13:51<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Sample: 2012 2022<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">Exogenous variables: Individual effects, individual linear trends<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">User-specified lags: 1<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Total (balanced) observations: 72<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\">Cross-sections included: 8 (5 dropped)<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Method<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Statistic<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Prob.**<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>-2.59868<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0047<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Intermediate results on COR<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cross<\/td>\n<td>2nd Stage<\/td>\n<td>Variance<\/td>\n<td>HAC of\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Max<\/td>\n<td>Band-<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>section<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>of Reg<\/td>\n<td>Dep.<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>width<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 1<\/td>\n<td>-0.94737<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0273<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0065<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 2<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Dropped from Test<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 3<\/td>\n<td>-0.67857<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0149<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0024<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 4<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Dropped from Test<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 5<\/td>\n<td>-0.43612<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0135<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0026<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 6<\/td>\n<td>-1.00000<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0146<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0133<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 7<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Dropped from Test<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 8<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Dropped from Test<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 9<\/td>\n<td>-1.11667<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0199<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0035<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 10<\/td>\n<td>-0.83713<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0212<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0306<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 11<\/td>\n<td>-1.00000<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0146<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0133<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 12<\/td>\n<td>-0.67857<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0149<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0024<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 13<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Dropped from Test<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>t-Stat<\/td>\n<td>SE Reg<\/td>\n<td>mu*<\/td>\n<td>sig*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pooled<\/td>\n<td>-0.78577<\/td>\n<td>-6.476<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.022<\/td>\n<td>-0.703<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.003<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a072<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Series: GOV<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Date: 08\/05\/26 Time: 13:58<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Sample: 2012 2022<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">Exogenous variables: Individual effects, individual linear trends<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">User-specified lags: 1<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Total (balanced) observations: 117<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Cross-sections included: 13<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Method<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Statistic<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Prob.**<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>-3.05386<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0011<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Intermediate results on GOV<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cross<\/td>\n<td>2nd Stage<\/td>\n<td>Variance<\/td>\n<td>HAC of\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Max<\/td>\n<td>Band-<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>section<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>of Reg<\/td>\n<td>Dep.<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>width<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 1<\/td>\n<td>-0.58817<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 2<\/td>\n<td>-0.51287<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a06.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 3<\/td>\n<td>-1.43650<\/td>\n<td>\u00a07.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 4<\/td>\n<td>-0.72947<\/td>\n<td>\u00a07.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a05.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 5<\/td>\n<td>-0.72697<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a06.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a07.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 6<\/td>\n<td>-1.67580<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.E+14<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 7<\/td>\n<td>-1.37278<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 8<\/td>\n<td>-1.53447<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.E+14<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 9<\/td>\n<td>-0.61662<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+14<\/td>\n<td>\u00a05.E+13<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a06.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 10<\/td>\n<td>-1.03794<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 11<\/td>\n<td>-0.82952<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+14<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+14<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 12<\/td>\n<td>-2.18010<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 13<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.16278<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a05.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>t-Stat<\/td>\n<td>SE Reg<\/td>\n<td>mu*<\/td>\n<td>sig*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pooled<\/td>\n<td>-0.94356<\/td>\n<td>-8.657<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.102<\/td>\n<td>-0.703<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.003<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0117<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Series: GDP<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Date: 08\/05\/26 Time: 13:53<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Sample: 2012 2022<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">Exogenous variables: Individual effects, individual linear trends<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">User-specified lags: 1<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Total (balanced) observations: 117<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Cross-sections included: 13<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Method<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Statistic<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Prob.**<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>-7.07117<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0000<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Intermediate results on GDP<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cross<\/td>\n<td>2nd Stage<\/td>\n<td>Variance<\/td>\n<td>HAC of\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Max<\/td>\n<td>Band-<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>section<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>of Reg<\/td>\n<td>Dep.<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>width<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 1<\/td>\n<td>-1.55500<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a05.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 2<\/td>\n<td>-0.88653<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 3<\/td>\n<td>-1.35416<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+18<\/td>\n<td>\u00a07.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 4<\/td>\n<td>-0.80448<\/td>\n<td>\u00a06.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 5<\/td>\n<td>-0.49654<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+18<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 6<\/td>\n<td>-1.07235<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 7<\/td>\n<td>-0.85696<\/td>\n<td>\u00a03.E+18<\/td>\n<td>\u00a06.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 8<\/td>\n<td>-0.68722<\/td>\n<td>\u00a05.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a04.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 9<\/td>\n<td>-1.02767<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08.E+14<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 10<\/td>\n<td>-1.32026<\/td>\n<td>\u00a07.E+18<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08.E+18<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 11<\/td>\n<td>-1.37454<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+15<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.E+14<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 12<\/td>\n<td>-1.31294<\/td>\n<td>\u00a06.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.E+17<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 13<\/td>\n<td>-0.51857<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.E+16<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>t-Stat<\/td>\n<td>SE Reg<\/td>\n<td>mu*<\/td>\n<td>sig*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pooled<\/td>\n<td>-0.80408<\/td>\n<td>-10.973<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.099<\/td>\n<td>-0.703<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.003<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0117<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Null Hypothesis: Unit root (common unit root process)\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Series: UNM<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Date: 08\/05\/26 Time: 13:55<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Sample: 2012 2022<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\">Exogenous variables: Individual effects<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">User-specified lags: 1<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Total (balanced) observations: 117<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Cross-sections included: 13<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">Method<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Statistic<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Prob.**<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Levin, Lin &amp; Chu t*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>-3.91259<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0000<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">** Probabilities are computed assuming asympotic normality<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">Intermediate results on UNM<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cross<\/td>\n<td>2nd Stage<\/td>\n<td>Variance<\/td>\n<td>HAC of\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Max<\/td>\n<td>Band-<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>section<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>of Reg<\/td>\n<td>Dep.<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>Lag<\/td>\n<td>width<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 1<\/td>\n<td>-0.71015<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.7091<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.2303<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 2<\/td>\n<td>-0.34039<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.7407<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.9538<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 3<\/td>\n<td>-0.90638<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0095<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0219<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 4<\/td>\n<td>-0.42317<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0189<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0519<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 5<\/td>\n<td>-0.68154<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0464<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0136<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 6<\/td>\n<td>-0.78558<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.1621<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.1123<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 7<\/td>\n<td>-0.69599<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.5224<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.2091<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 8<\/td>\n<td>-0.18150<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0636<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0964<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 9<\/td>\n<td>-0.28838<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.2026<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.1394<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 10<\/td>\n<td>-0.97862<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.6428<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.4166<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 11<\/td>\n<td>-0.68944<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0617<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0113<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a07.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 12<\/td>\n<td>-0.47588<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.4627<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.5490<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Country 13<\/td>\n<td>-0.48334<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0628<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.0193<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09.0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Coefficient<\/td>\n<td>t-Stat<\/td>\n<td>SE Reg<\/td>\n<td>mu*<\/td>\n<td>sig*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Obs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pooled<\/td>\n<td>-0.44137<\/td>\n<td>-7.168<\/td>\n<td>\u00a01.072<\/td>\n<td>-0.554<\/td>\n<td>\u00a00.919<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0117<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: NSP) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 = 0.44 HNSJ Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal ISSN: (e) 2709-0833 www.hnjournal.net \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18212","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18268,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18212\/revisions\/18268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}