{"id":18211,"date":"2026-10-30T11:34:16","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T11:34:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-11-13\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T17:55:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T17:55:47","slug":"7-11-13","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-11-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 13"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645. \u0645. \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p>\u0661 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: FatenaFatena910@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Asst. Lect. Faten Ghaaib Aoda<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Education in Baghdad, Al-Rusafa II, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> FatenaFatena910@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 260 - 271<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue11\/7-11-13.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_55272'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Asst. Lect. Faten Ghaaib Aoda&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645. \u0645. \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-13\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-11-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Aoda F. G. (2026). Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Aoda Faten Ghaaib. 2026. \\&quot;Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Aoda F. G. 2026. Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-11-01. [Cited 2026-11-01]. 7(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-13\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Aoda F. G. Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-11-01; 7(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Aoda F. G, \\&quot;Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Aoda Faten Ghaaib. \\&quot;Disgust Sensitivity and Moral Judgment in Previous Research.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641. \u063a. (2026). \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628. 2026. \u00ab\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641. \u063a. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-11-01]. 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-13\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641. \u063a. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-11-01\u061b 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641. \u063a. \u00ab\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628. \u00ab\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026-11-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/13&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This critical narrative review examines disgust sensitivity and moral judgment, separating trait associations from experimental induction effects. Ten primary studies and three research syntheses were tabulated by design, sample, judgment domain, and inferential limits, with supplementary source verification. Trait disgust was more clearly associated with purity condemnation, whereas induction findings did not establish a general causal amplification effect. Wrongness, punishment, implicit responses, and compensation represented distinct outcomes. The relationship appears context dependent. Preregistered research in Arab settings, culturally validated tools, and separate measurement of traits, states, and accompanying emotions are recommended. Selective coverage limits conclusions; no new meta-analysis or university-student-specific effect is provided.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> disgust; sensitivity; moral judgment; purity; review.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u00ab\u0645\u0642\u0632\u0632\u00bb \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Haidt, 2001). \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 (Tybur et al., 2009).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632\u00bb \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u061f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u063a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 (\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661) \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (Snyder, 2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 disgust sensitivity \u0648moral judgment \u0648incidental disgust \u0648purity\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665 \u0648\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a Bia\u0142ek \u0648Jylkk\u00e4\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Sanyal\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064f\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a (Tybur et al., 2009). \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u00bb \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 (Haidt, 2001). \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Wagemans et al. (2018) \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (Jylkk\u00e4 et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u00ab\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0661 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Johnson et al. (2016) <br \/>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0661\u0664\u0661\u0662<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c.<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Olatunji et al. (2016) <br \/>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0667\u0667\u061b \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nega et al. (2016) <br \/>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0666\u0664 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Damen (2017) <br \/>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0665\u0661\u0660<\/td>\n<td>\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u061b \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wagemans et al. (2018) <br \/>\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0661\u0661\u0660\u0664<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bia\u0142ek et al. (2021) <br \/>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0661\u0664\u0662 \u0648\u0662\u0664\u0668<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jylkk\u00e4 et al. (2021) <br \/>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0668\u0667 \u0648\u0665\u0661\u0660<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sanyal et al. (2023) <br \/>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0666\u0660\u0660 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tao et al. (2022) <br \/>\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0662\u0668\u0666 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u061b \u0661\u0660\u0660 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0667\u0666 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0662\u0668\u0666 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u061b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Donner et al. (2025) <br \/>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0661\u0664\u0663\u0668\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0664\u0669\u0668<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<td>\u0665\u0666\u0660 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0662 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ivan (2015) <br \/>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Landy &amp; Goodwin (2015) <br \/>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0665\u0660 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Salvo et al. (2025) <br \/>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0667\u0668 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0661\u0660\u0661 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u061b \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Ivan (2015)\u060c \u0648Landy and Goodwin (2015)\u060c \u0648Salvo et al. (2025). \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Bia\u0142ek et al. (2021) \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Wagemans et al. (2018) \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Olatunji et al. (2016) \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Nega et al. (2016) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 Damen (2017) \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648. \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Johnson et al. (2016) \u0648Jylkk\u00e4 et al. (2021) \u0648Donner et al. (2025) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Tao et al. (2022) \u0641\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Landy and Goodwin (2015) \u0648Salvo et al. (2025) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Sanyal et al. (2023) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Donner et al. (2025) \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Peng and Zhang (2016) \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 (\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0661. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0662. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0663. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0664. \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0665. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0666. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0661. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0662. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0665. \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0666. \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f. (\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0661(\u0661)\u060c \u0662\u0663\u0666\u2013\u0662\u0666\u0660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56989\/benkj.v1i1.568<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Issa, H. M. (2021). Moral disgust among University of Basrah students in light of some variables [English translation of the Arabic reference]. Ibn Khaldun Journal for Studies and Research, 1(1), 236\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56989\/benkj.v1i1.568<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bia\u0142ek, M., Muda, R., Fugelsang, J., &amp; Friedman, O. (2021). Disgust and moral judgment: Distinguishing between elicitors and feelings matters. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(3), 304\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550620919569<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Damen, S. (2017). Disgust sensitivity and its effect on moral judgments and behavioural intentions [Bachelor\u2019s thesis, Tilburg University]. https:\/\/arno.uvt.nl\/show.cgi?fid=144316<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Donner, M. R., Kyriakopoulos, S., Meier, J., &amp; Laham, S. M. (2025). Does inducing state sexual disgust cause harsher moral judgments? A preliminary test. Collabra: Psychology, 11(1), 147284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/collabra.147284<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.108.4.814<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ivan, C.-E. (2015). On disgust and moral judgments: A review. Journal of European Psychology Students, 6(1), 25\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/jeps.cq<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Johnson, D. J., Wortman, J., Cheung, F., Hein, M., Lucas, R. E., Donnellan, M. B., Ebersole, C. R., &amp; Narr, R. K. (2016). The effects of disgust on moral judgments: Testing moderators. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(7), 640\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550616654211<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jylkk\u00e4, J., H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen, J., &amp; Hy\u00f6n\u00e4, J. (2021). Incidental disgust does not cause moral condemnation of neutral actions. Cognition and Emotion, 35(1), 96\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2020.1810639<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Landy, J. F., &amp; Goodwin, G. P. (2015). Does incidental disgust amplify moral judgment? A meta-analytic review of experimental evidence. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(4), 518\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691615583128<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nega, C., Pateraki, L., Saranti, N., &amp; Pasia, A. (2016). The role of disgust in homosexuality judgments. The Open Psychology Journal, 9, 75\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874350101609010075<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Olatunji, B. O., David Puncochar, B., &amp; Cox, R. (2016). Effects of experienced disgust on morally-relevant judgments. PLOS ONE, 11(8), e0160357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160357<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Peng, M., &amp; Zhang, L. (2016). How disgust affects moral judgment across age groups. Journal of Psychological Science, 39(5), 1110\u20131115. https:\/\/jps.ecnu.edu.cn\/EN\/Y2016\/V39\/I5\/1110<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Salvo, G., Ottaviani, C., &amp; Mancini, F. (2025). Bidirectional interplay of disgust and morality: Meta-analytic investigations. Personality and Individual Differences, 236, 113032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2024.113032<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sanyal, M., McAuliffe, W. H. B., &amp; Curry, O. S. (2023). Gross values: Investigating the role of disgust in bioethics. Current Psychology, 42, 2888\u20132895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-021-01609-7<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.07.039<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tao, D., Leng, Y., Huo, J., Peng, S., Xu, J., &amp; Deng, H. (2022). Effects of core disgust and moral disgust on moral judgment: An event-related potential study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 806784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.806784<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tybur, J. M., Lieberman, D., &amp; Griskevicius, V. (2009). Microbes, mating, and morality: Individual differences in three functional domains of disgust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 103\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015474<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wagemans, F. M. A., Brandt, M. J., &amp; Zeelenberg, M. (2018). Disgust sensitivity is primarily associated with purity-based moral judgments. Emotion, 18(2), 277\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/emo0000359<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0626\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18211","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18211"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18265,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18211\/revisions\/18265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}