{"id":18201,"date":"2026-10-30T11:34:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T11:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-11-3\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T17:43:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T17:43:58","slug":"7-11-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-11-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\"\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: damouch85@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\"\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Non-Agricultural Activities in the Peri-Urban Area of Marrakech and Their Role in Spatial Dynamics<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Rachid El-Damouch<sup>1<\/sup>, Moulay El Hassan El-Farsi<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Doctoral Researcher, \u201cSpatial Restructuring and Sustainable Development\u201d Laboratory, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> damouch85@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Professor and Researcher, \u201cSpatial Restructuring and Sustainable Development\u201d Laboratory, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/3' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/3<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/3' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/3<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 57 - 75<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-05 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-12 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue11\/7-11-3.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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E. (2026). Non-Agricultural Activities in the Peri-Urban Area of Marrakech and Their Role in Spatial Dynamics. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;El-Damouch Rachid, El-Farsi Moulay El Hassan. 2026. \\&quot;Non-Agricultural Activities in the Peri-Urban Area of Marrakech and Their Role in Spatial Dynamics.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;El-Damouch R, El-Farsi M. E. 2026. Non-Agricultural Activities in the Peri-Urban Area of Marrakech and Their Role in Spatial Dynamics. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-11-01. [Cited 2026-11-01]. 7(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-3\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;El-Damouch R, El-Farsi M. E. Non-Agricultural Activities in the Peri-Urban Area of Marrakech and Their Role in Spatial Dynamics. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-11-01; 7(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;El-Damouch R, El-Farsi M. E, \\&quot;Non-Agricultural Activities in the Peri-Urban Area of Marrakech and Their Role in Spatial Dynamics,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;El-Damouch Rachid, El-Farsi Moulay El Hassan. \\&quot;Non-Agricultural Activities in the Peri-Urban Area of Marrakech and Their Role in Spatial Dynamics.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645. \u062d. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645. \u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-11-01]. 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-3\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645. \u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-11-01\u061b 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645. \u062d. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026-11-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/3&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 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\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u061b \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the role of non-agricultural activities in spatial dynamics in Tassoultante, on the southern periphery of Marrakech, focusing on the factors driving their expansion and their implications for agriculture and land use. It adopts a geographical approach combining direct field observation, the identification and spatial analysis of economic activities, and documentary analysis of official reports and academic studies. The findings reveal a transition from a predominantly agricultural economy towards a diversified economy increasingly shaped by construction, real estate, trade, services, tourism and crafts. This transition is associated with urban expansion, demographic and land pressures, infrastructure improvements, tourism investment and constraints on agricultural production. Non-agricultural activities diversify household income, create employment opportunities and reshape the spatial landscape, alongside shrinking farmland and declining agricultural employment capacity. The study concludes that balanced spatial development requires coordinated land-use planning, improved land governance and integration of economic functions, while safeguarding agricultural land and resource sustainability.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Non-agricultural activities; Peri-urban area; Tassoultante; Spatial dynamics; Land use.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a 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1992 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1992<sup><a id=\"post-18201-footnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-18201-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in.jpeg 1386w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-300x205.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1024x698.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-768x524.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 01: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"711\" height=\"545\" class=\"wp-image-18236\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-449f28a3-6cd3-.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\lenovo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\{449F28A3-6CD3-4912-8940-E3928A54F687}.tmp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-449f28a3-6cd3-.jpeg 711w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-449f28a3-6cd3--300x230.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-449f28a3-6cd3--16x12.jpeg 16w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-449f28a3-6cd3--80x60.jpeg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"698\" height=\"543\" class=\"wp-image-18237\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-121005c7-196e-.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\lenovo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\{121005C7-196E-414F-880D-CCCF85EABD9A}.tmp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-121005c7-196e-.jpeg 698w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-121005c7-196e--300x233.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-121005c7-196e--15x12.jpeg 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 01: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\">% 13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\">% 28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">% 12<\/td>\n<td>% 7<\/td>\n<td>% 5<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">% 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\">% 59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>% 16<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">% 14<\/td>\n<td>% 12<\/td>\n<td>% 10<\/td>\n<td>% 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong> \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 2025\u060c \u0635 67.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2: \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"663\" height=\"602\" class=\"wp-image-18238\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-4.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-4.jpeg 663w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-4-300x272.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-4-13x12.jpeg 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"699\" height=\"611\" class=\"wp-image-18239\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-5.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-5.jpeg 699w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-5-300x262.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-5-14x12.jpeg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"659\" height=\"559\" class=\"wp-image-18240\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-6.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-6.jpeg 659w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-6-300x254.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-6-14x12.jpeg 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"559\" class=\"wp-image-18241\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-7.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-7.jpeg 723w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-7-300x232.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-7-16x12.jpeg 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4 \u0640 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u064a (\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629) 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"767\" class=\"wp-image-18243\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\lenovo\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCache\\Content.Word\\\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1.jpeg 1386w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-300x166.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-1024x567.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-768x425.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-18x10.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-135x75.jpeg 135w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-270x150.jpeg 270w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-585x325.jpeg 585w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-microsoft-windows-in-1-450x250.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2: \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0647\u0643<\/td>\n<td>2323<\/td>\n<td>69,61<\/td>\n<td>4773<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u0640 10<\/td>\n<td>650<\/td>\n<td>19,48<\/td>\n<td>4329<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 10 \u0640 20<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>3,54<\/td>\n<td>1562<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 20<\/td>\n<td>246<\/td>\n<td>7,37<\/td>\n<td>15534<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>3337<\/td>\n<td>100%<\/td>\n<td>26198<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 5 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 69,6% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (2323 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 3337)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 18% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (4773 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 26198)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0645 20 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7,4% (246 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 59% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 (15534 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u061b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2017 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-18201-footnote-ref-19\" href=\"#post-18201-footnote-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"980\" class=\"wp-image-18244\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-documents-.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Documents\\\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\\\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\\\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\\\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.jpg.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-documents-.jpeg 1386w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-documents--300x212.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-documents--1024x724.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-documents--768x543.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-documents--18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"718\" class=\"wp-image-18245\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-d719943e-e26a-.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\lenovo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\{D719943E-E26A-4B6B-BF5B-3F4A870F8777}.tmp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-d719943e-e26a-.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-d719943e-e26a--300x135.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-d719943e-e26a--1024x460.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-d719943e-e26a--768x345.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-d719943e-e26a--1536x689.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c-users-lenovo-appdata-local-temp-d719943e-e26a--18x8.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"718\" class=\"wp-image-18246\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-12.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-12.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-12-300x135.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-12-1024x460.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-12-768x345.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-12-1536x689.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/word-image-18201-12-18x8.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4 \u0640 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 Haut du formulaire<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a. <strong>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 <strong>%34<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<strong> %25<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 <\/strong>\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 <strong>%33<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0638 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/td>\n<td>% 21<\/td>\n<td>% 10<\/td>\n<td>% 23<\/td>\n<td>% 3<\/td>\n<td>% 57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/td>\n<td>% 12<\/td>\n<td>% 15<\/td>\n<td>% 11<\/td>\n<td>% 5<\/td>\n<td>% 43<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>% 33<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>% 25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>% 34<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>% 8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>% 100<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 2025\u060c \u063575.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 34%\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 33 %\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 25%\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5 \u0640 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a 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\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062d\u0644\u060c (2004) \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Akhal, M. (2004). Dynamics of agricultural space and the challenges of local development: The case of the Benslimane Plateau. 1st ed. Rabat: Dar Abi Raqraq for Printing and Publishing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c (2017)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hassani, B. (2017). Urbanization and the spread of non-agricultural activities in Berrechid Province. In Region, environment and spatial planning: Proceedings of the Third National Conference of Young Geographers. Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c (1990)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Eid, H. I. (1990). Studies in development and social planning. Alexandria: Dar Al-Maarifa Al-Jami\u2019iyya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u060c (2025)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Takoum, K. (2025). The urban fabric in Tassoultante Commune and the challenges of implementing territorial development. Master\u2019s dissertation, Faculty of Letters, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c (2010)\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hilal, A. (2010). Environmental and societal dynamics on the El Jadida coast: Potentials and constraints. State doctorate thesis in geography, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Mohammedia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c (2024)\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdessadek, A. (2024). Rural development in Morocco: A critical analytical study. 1st ed. Takamul Center for Research and Studies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c (2019)\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdessadek, A., &amp; El-Farsi, M. E. H. (2019). Dynamics of the peri-urban area of Marrakech: The case of the southern periphery, Tassoultante. In Center and periphery in the context of demands for spatial and social justice. 1st ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ait Hamza, M., et al. (2025). Fundamentals of human geography: Urban and rural dynamics. Vol. 2. Ibn Khaldun Center for Migration and Citizenship Studies, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane. Fez: Bilal Printing and Stationery.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c (2018)\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chafik, F. (2018). Production and management of informal areas on the southern and southwestern periphery of Casablanca. Doctoral thesis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c (2022)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0635\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zaimi, S., &amp; El-Farsi, M. L. (2022). Impacts of urbanization on agricultural employment capacity in the central Haouz: The rural communes of Saada, Tassoultante, Souihla and Tameslouht. In Center and periphery in the context of demands for spatial and social justice. 1st ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c (2021)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zaimi, S. (2021). Local development and spatial restructuring: The case of the Marrakech periphery. Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Ibn Zohr University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a 2023 \u0640 2027.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tassoultante Commune. Communal Action Programme 2023\u20132027.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 MERLIN (Pierre) &amp; CHOAY (Fran\u00e7oise), 1988, Op. cit., \u00ab Dictionnaire de l\u2019urbanisme et l\u2019am\u00e9nagement \u00bb, paris, France .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640Le grand robert de la langue fran\u00e7aise, Dictionnaire alphab\u00e9tique analogique de la langue fran\u00e7aise de Paul Robert, Deuxi\u00e8me Edition enrichie par Alain Rey, Tome 1, AB10,1991.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640Dictionnaire Historique de la langue fran\u00e7aise, opt cit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Lexique de G\u00e9ographie Humaine et Economique\u00bb, Ed. Dalloz, Paris, France.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 2023 \u0640 2027. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a (2017)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635 117. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062d\u0644\u060c (2004): \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0635 11. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c (1990)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 42. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c (2010)\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c (2019)\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0635 261. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">MERLIN (Pierre) &amp; CHOAY (Fran\u00e7oise), 1988, Op. cit., \u00ab Dictionnaire de l\u2019urbanisme et l\u2019am\u00e9nagement \u00bb, paris, France pp. 85-90 <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c (2018)\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0635 23. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; Le grand robert de la langue fran\u00e7aise, Dictionnaire alphab\u00e9tique analogique de la langue fran\u00e7aise de Paul Robert, Deuxi\u00e8me Edition enrichie par Alain Rey, Tome 1, AB10,1991, p:839. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; Dictionnaire Historique de la langue fran\u00e7aise, opt cit\u00e9, p :173. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u00ab Lexique de G\u00e9ographie Humaine et Economique \u00bb, Ed. Dalloz, Paris, France, pp. 37-38 <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c (2021)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 23. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0635 144. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c (2024)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635 267. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u060c (2025)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0635 66. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 269. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635269. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 21. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 71. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-18201-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c (2022)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0635\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u063593. <a href=\"#post-18201-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18201","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18248,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18201\/revisions\/18248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}