{"id":17986,"date":"2026-10-01T09:31:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-10-13\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T09:31:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:31:39","slug":"7-10-13","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-10-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 13"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: s12487394@stu.najah.edu<\/p><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Yara-ib2@hotmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Rula Faran Araf<sup>1<\/sup>, Yara Ibrahim<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> PhD in Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> s12487394@stu.najah.edu<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> PhD in Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Yara-ib2@hotmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (10). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 221 - 239<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-09-05 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-09-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-10-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue10\/7-10-13.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_41017'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Rula Faran Araf, Yara Ibrahim&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-13\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-10-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F, Ibrahim Y. (2026). Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Araf Rula Faran, Ibrahim Yara. 2026. \\&quot;Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 10. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F, Ibrahim Y. 2026. Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-10-01. [Cited 2026-10-01]. 7(10). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-13\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F, Ibrahim Y. Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-10-01; 7(10). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F, Ibrahim Y, \\&quot;Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Araf Rula Faran, Ibrahim Yara. \\&quot;Early Language Skills in Kindergarten: An Educational Comparison between the Official Curriculum and the Waldorf Approach.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026-10-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-10-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-10-01]. 7(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-13\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-10-01\u061b 7(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2026-10-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/13&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (0) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study compared the representation of early language skills in kindergarten within the official curriculum and the Waldorf approach through content analysis of selected educational documents. Five domains were examined: listening and speaking, vocabulary, phonological awareness, reading readiness, and text comprehension. A binary coding scheme was used, with (1) indicating explicit representation of an indicator and (0) indicating that the indicator was not explicitly represented according to its operational definition. All 22 indicators were re-audited using a conservative coding rule: a skill was not inferred from a general educational philosophy or a related activity unless the indicator itself was clearly supported by the analyzed material. The findings showed substantial overlap in oral language and vocabulary, while the official curriculum represented phonological awareness and reading-readiness indicators more explicitly. Waldorf documents emphasized storytelling, play, and oral language, whereas the specific phonological-awareness and reading-readiness indicators used in the coding scheme were not represented as independent kindergarten objectives. The findings describe documentary emphasis and should not be interpreted as evidence of the comparative effectiveness of either approach on children's actual language performance.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Early Language Skills, Kindergarten, Content Analysis, Waldorf Education, Reading Readiness.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17986","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17986"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17986\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}