{"id":17974,"date":"2026-10-01T09:31:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-10-1\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T09:31:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:31:30","slug":"7-10-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-10-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645. \u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0646\u064a\u062d<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: rusulma4@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Effective Communication Skills among University Students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Assistant Lecturer Rusul Mahmoud Shneih\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Psychological Research Center, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> rusulma4@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (10). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1 - 13<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-09-05 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-09-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-10-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue10\/7-10-1.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M.. (2026). Effective Communication Skills among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Shneih, Rusul Mahmoud. 2026. \\&quot;Effective Communication Skills among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 10. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Shneih, R. M.. 2026. Effective Communication Skills among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-10-01. [Cited 2026-10-01]. 7(10). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-1\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Shneih, R. M.. Effective Communication Skills among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-10-01; 7(10). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Shneih, R. M., \\&quot;Effective Communication Skills among University Students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Shneih, Rusul Mahmoud. \\&quot;Effective Communication Skills among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026-10-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0634\u0646\u064a\u062d \u0631. \u0645. (2026). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0634\u0646\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0634\u0646\u064a\u062d \u0631. \u0645. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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[\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-10-01\u061b 7(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0634\u0646\u064a\u062d \u0631. \u0645. \u00ab\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/1&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0634\u0646\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u00ab\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 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\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to assess the level of effective communication skills among students at the University of Baghdad and to examine differences in these skills according to gender and academic specialization. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach and included a sample of 240 male and female students drawn from several scientific and humanities colleges. Data were collected using the final version of the Effective Communication Skills Scale, which comprised 63 items rated on a five-point Likert scale, after its psychometric properties\u2014including validity, reliability, and item discrimination\u2014had been verified. The data were analyzed using arithmetic means, standard deviations, Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient, Cronbach\u2019s alpha, a one-sample t-test, and an independent-samples t-test. The findings revealed that the students demonstrated a relatively high level of effective communication skills. Their mean score was 210.48, with a standard deviation of 42.25, compared with the scale\u2019s hypothetical mean of 189; this difference was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The results also indicated statistically significant gender differences in favor of male students, as well as statistically significant differences according to academic specialization in favor of students in scientific disciplines. In light of these findings, the study recommends incorporating effective communication skills into university programs and activities and organizing training courses and workshops to enhance students\u2019 expression, dialogue, active listening, and positive interaction skills, with particular attention to groups that obtained lower scores on the scale.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Effective Communication, Communication Skills, University Students, Gender, Academic Specialization.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17974","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17974"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17974\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}