{"id":17861,"date":"2026-09-04T05:48:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-9-49\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T05:55:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T05:55:32","slug":"7-9-49","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-9-49\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 49"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645.\u0645. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0645.\u0645. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: abdalkazimt.alkilabi@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mohammedm.maiber@uokufa.edu.iqi<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Mere Omission as a Source of Civil Liability - A Comparative Study<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Assistant Lecturer Abdulkadhim Turki Atiyah\u00b9, Assistant Lecturer Mohammed Mahdi Hadi\u00b2<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 College of Law, University of Kufa, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> abdalkazimt.alkilabi@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> University of Kufa, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> mohammedm.maiber@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/49' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/49<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/49' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/49<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (9). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 942 - 970<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-08-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-08-22 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue9\/7-9-49.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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T., Hadi M. M.. (2026). Mere Omission as a Source of Civil Liability - A Comparative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Atiyah Abdulkadhim Turki, Hadi Mohammed Mahdi. 2026. \\&quot;Mere Omission as a Source of Civil Liability - A Comparative Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Atiyah A. T., Hadi M. M.. 2026. Mere Omission as a Source of Civil Liability - A Comparative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-09-01. [Cited 2026-09-05]. 7(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-9-49\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Atiyah A. T., Hadi M. M.. Mere Omission as a Source of Civil Liability - A Comparative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-09-01; 7(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Atiyah A. T., Hadi M. M., \\&quot;Mere Omission as a Source of Civil Liability - A Comparative Study,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Atiyah Abdulkadhim Turki, Hadi Mohammed Mahdi. \\&quot;Mere Omission as a Source of Civil Liability - A Comparative Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639. \u062a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645. \u0645. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/49&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639. \u062a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645. \u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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While tort liability for positive acts is well-regulated\u060c liability for mere omission - where no specific statutory or contractual duty to act exists - remains ambiguous in legislation\u060c doctrine\u060c and jurisprudence. Employing an analytical and comparative methodology\u060c the research examines the provisions of the Iraqi Civil Code No. 40 of 1951\u060c particularly Articles 186 and 204\u060c in comparison with French and Egyptian civil law\u060c and the position of Islamic jurisprudence\u060c which pioneered liability for omission. The study concludes that the term \"transgression\" used in Article 204 of the Iraqi Code is broader and more accurate than \"act\" as it encompasses both commission and omission. It argues that the appropriate criterion for establishing liability is not the existence of a specific legal text\u060c but the deviation from the conduct of a reasonable person placed in the same external circumstances. The research distinguishes between two forms of omission: omission on the occasion of an act\u060c which is universally accepted as a source of liability\u060c and mere abstract omission\u060c whose most significant practical applications are the failure to perform a general duty for the benefit of others and the failure to assist a person in danger. The study proposes legislative amendments to explicitly define omission\u060c its standard\u060c and its types\u060c and to establish civil liability for failure to rescue when assistance is possible without risk to the rescuer\u060c in order to achieve a balance between individual freedom and the protection of victims.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Mere Omission; Negative Fault; Tort Liability; Causation; Duty to Rescue; Legal Characterization.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\/ \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 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href=\"#post-17861-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647( \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644)\u060c<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-17861-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-17861-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6- \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a( \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7- \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a( \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623: 1- \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631. 2- \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. (1967). \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Razi, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Abd al-Qadir. (1967). Mukhtar al-Sihah [The Selected Correct Expressions] (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1954). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u062c1\u060c \u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Sittit, Ahmad. (1954). The Theory of Obligation in the New Civil Law: Sources of Obligation (Vol. 1, 1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Misr Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u062a\u0627. (1984). \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Saad, Muhammad Shata. (1984). Principles of Tort Liability in the Civil Transactions Law (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (1987). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jamal, Mustafa. (1987). The General Theory of Obligations (1st ed.). Al-Dar Al-Jami\u2018iyya.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f. (1988). \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jilawi, Ali Ubaid. (1988). The Injured Party\u2019s Consent and Its Effect on Civil Liability (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647. (2019). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hakim, Abd al-Majid, Al-Bakri, Abd al-Baqi, &amp; Al-Bashir, Muhammad Taha. (2019). A Concise Account of the Theory of Obligation in Iraqi Civil Law (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Qanuni.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (1991\u0623). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 (\u062c1). \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Dhunun, Hassan Ali. (1991a). An Extensive Treatise on Civil Liability: Damage (Vol. 1). Al-Ta\u2019sis Company for Printing and Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (1991\u0628). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (\u062c2). \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Dhunun, Hassan Ali. (1991b). An Extensive Treatise on Civil Liability: Fault (Vol. 2). Al-Ta\u2019sis Company for Printing and Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f. (2017). \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Saadawi, Ahmad Salman Shuhaib, &amp; Sumaisim, Jawad Kazim Jawad. (2017). Sources of Obligation: A Comparative Study of Civil Laws and Islamic Jurisprudence. Lebanon: Zain Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u064a. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Saeedi, Siham Abd al-Razzaq Majli. (2018). Negative Fault in Civil Liability (1st ed.). Egypt: Arab Center.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u062c1). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sanhuri, Abd al-Razzaq Ahmad. (n.d.). Al-Wasit in the Commentary on the New Civil Law: The General Theory of Obligation (Vol. 1). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u061b \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c. (1994). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06373). \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sarraf, Abbas Hassan, &amp; Hazboun, George. (1994). Introduction to the Science of Law (3rd ed.). Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Thaqafa Library.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062c. (1992). \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sadda, Abd al-Munim Faraj. (1992). Sources of Obligation (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644. (1955). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Adawi, Jalal. (1955). A Concise Account of the Sources of Obligation (1st ed.). Alexandria, Egypt: Monsha\u2019at Al-Maaref.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. (2004). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Luhaibi, Salih. (2004). Direct Causation and Indirect Causation in Tort Liability (1st ed.). Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631. (1982). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635 (\u06371). \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Maluki, Iyad Abd al-Jabbar. (1982). Liability for Things and Its Applications to Juristic Persons in Particular (1st ed.). Babel Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (1988). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Mashhadani, Ibrahim. (1988). Legal Principles in the Jurisprudence of the Court of Cassation. Baghdad, Iraq: Legal Research Center, Ministry of Justice.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a. (1977). \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Najjar, Nada Al-Badawi. (1977). Rules of Liability (1st ed.). Tripoli, Lebanon: Modern Book Foundation.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Naqib, Atif. (n.d.). The General Theory of Liability Arising from Personal Acts (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar Al-Thaqafa.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631. (1966). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tanagho, Samir. (1966). Fundamental Principles of the Theory of Obligation (1st ed.). Alexandria, Egypt: Monsha\u2019at Al-Maaref.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631. (1999). \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 (\u06371). \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jaafar, Abd Muzhir. (1999). The Crime of Omission (1st ed.). Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628. (1983). \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hosni, Mahmoud Naguib. (1983). The Causal Relationship in Criminal Law (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a. (2002). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 (\u06371). \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zahra, Muhammad Mursi. (2002). Involuntary Sources of Obligation: The Harmful Act (1st ed.). Amman, Jordan: Dar Wael for Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. (1978). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a (\u06373). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zaki, Mahmoud Jamal al-Din. (1978). A Concise Account of the General Theory of Obligations in Egyptian Civil Law (3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Cairo University Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642. (1963). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shehata, Shafiq. (1963). The Theory of Obligations in Roman Law (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Mustafa Al-Babi Al-Halabi Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1986). \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sharaf El-Din, Ahmad. (1986). Physicians\u2019 Liability: Problems of Civil Liability in Public Hospitals. Kuwait: Dar Al-Salasil.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0637\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646. (1971). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u062c1\u060c \u06371). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taha, Ghani Hassoun. (1971). A Concise Account of the Theory of Obligation: Sources of Obligation (Vol. 1, 1st ed.). Baghdad, Iraq: Al-Maaref Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2008). \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 (\u062c3\u060c \u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abbas, Huda Abdullah. (2008). Lessons in Civil Law: Unlawful Acts (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Halabi Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2020). \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abbas, Huda Abdullah. (2020). Prospects of Civil Liability (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Halabi Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645. (2011). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abd Al-Samad, Hosni Mahmoud Abd Al-Dayem. (2011). Failure to Provide Aid and Its Contemporary Applications from Islamic and Legal Perspectives (1st ed.). Alexandria, Egypt: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami\u2018i.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f. (2017). \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shuhaib Al-Saadawi, Ahmad Salman, &amp; Sumaisim, Jawad Kazim Jawad. (2017). Sources of Obligation: A Comparative Study of Civil Laws and Islamic Jurisprudence. Lebanon: Zain Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1984). \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shata Abu Saad, Muhammad. (1984). Principles of Tort Liability in the Civil Transactions Law (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (1964). \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Morcos, Suleiman. (1964). Commentary on Civil Law: Obligations (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Alamiya Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644. (2006). \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631 (\u06371). \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Malkawi, Bashar, &amp; Al-Maamari, Faisal. (2006). Sources of Obligation: The Harmful Act (1st ed.). Amman, Jordan: Dar Wael for Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 (\u06371). \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mansour, Amjad Muhammad. (n.d.). The General Theory of Obligations: Sources of Obligation\u2014A Comparative Study (1st ed.). Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (2000). \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mansour, Muhammad Hussein. (2000). Sources of Obligation: Harmful Acts, Beneficial Acts, and the Law (1st ed.). Al-Dar Al-Jami\u2018iyya.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0632\u0647\u062f\u064a. (1963). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yakan, Zuhdi. (1963). Civil Liability for Unlawful Acts (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Maktaba Al-Asriya Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Dinasouri, Ezz El-Din, &amp; Al-Shawarbi, Abd Al-Hamid. (n.d.). Civil Liability in the Light of Legal Doctrine and Judicial Decisions (1st ed.). Al-Dar Al-Haditha for Printing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f. (2000). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Salim, Ayman Saad. (2000). Omission as a Source of Civil Liability (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u062c6\u060c \u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Abidin, Muhammad Amin. (n.d.). Radd al-Muhtar ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar, Known as Ibn Abidin\u2019s Commentary (Vol. 6, 1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Jami\u2018a Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0642\u064a (\u062c5\u060c \u06373). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Qudamah, Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad. (n.d.). Al-Mughni: A Commentary on Mukhtasar al-Khiraqi (Vol. 5, 3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar Al-Maaref.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1303\u0647\u0640). \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u06371). \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Baghdadi, Ghanim ibn Muhammad. (1303 AH). Majma al-Damanat According to the School of Imam Abu Hanifa al-Numan (1st ed.). Egypt: Al-Khairiyya Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Khafif, Ali. (n.d.). Liability and Compensation in Islamic Jurisprudence (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar Al-Maaref.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629. (1998). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. (1998). The Theory of Liability, or the Rules of Civil and Criminal Liability in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Study (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Mu\u2018asir.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1986). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u06371). \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zarqa, Mustafa Ahmad. (1986). Islamic Jurisprudence in Its New Form: A General Introduction to Jurisprudence (1st ed.). Damascus, Syria: Alif Ba Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (1981). \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c 9(13).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zalmi, Mustafa Ibrahim. (1981). The basis of criminal liability in Islamic law. Journal of Comparative Law, 9(13).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629. (1983). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 (\u062c11). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad Shams al-A\u2019immah. (1983). Al-Mabsut (Vol. 11). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Maarifa.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shaltut, Mahmoud. (n.d.). Islam: Creed and Law (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar Al-Qalam.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628. (2001). \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u061b \u062c4\u060c \u06372). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shirbini, Muhammad ibn Ahmad Al-Khatib. (2001). Mughni al-Muhtaj ila Marifat Maani Alfaz al-Minhaj (M. J. Al-Attar, Ed.; Vol. 4, 2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Fikr.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 (\u062c2). \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Tusi, Abu Jaafar Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan. (n.d.). Al-Khilaf (Vol. 2). Dar Al-Maarif Al-Islamiyya Company, Al-Hikma Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. (1970). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Tusi, Abu Jaafar Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan. (1970). Al-Nihayah fi Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatawa (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a. (1986). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u06372). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fayd Allah, Muhammad Fawzi. (1986). The Theory of Liability in General Islamic Jurisprudence (2nd ed.). Kuwait: Al-Turath Library.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. (1983). \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u06371). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qasim, Yusuf. (1983). Crimes of Omission in Islamic Jurisprudence (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kitab.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. (1982). \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u062c7\u060c \u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Kasani, Ala al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Masud. (1982). Bada\u2019i al-Sana\u2019i fi Tartib al-Shara\u2019i (Vol. 7, 1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1329\u0647\u0640). \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u062c3\u060c \u06371). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Maghribi, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. (1329 AH). Mawahib al-Jalil fi Sharh Mukhtasar Khalil (Vol. 3, 1st ed.). Dar Al-Saada.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f. (1999). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wasil, Nasr Farid. (1999). Islamic Fatwas (1st ed.). Egypt: Al-Maktaba Al-Waqfiyya.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a. (1986). \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Al-Lail, Ibrahim Al-Desouki. (1986). Compensation for the loss of opportunity. Journal of Law, Kuwait University.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (1982). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c (52).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jarhi, Mustafa. (1982). Fault by omission. Journal of Law and Economics, (52).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (1967). \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a (\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Khalili, Habib Ibrahim. (1967). The Civil and Criminal Liability of a Person Who Omits to Act in a Socialist Society (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Cairo, Egypt.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. (1952). \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c (16).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Harba, Salim. (1952). The crime of omission in Iraqi legislation. Journal of Comparative Law, (16).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0637\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631. (1979). \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taha, Jaber Saber. (1979). Establishing Civil Liability for Unlawful Acts on the Element of Damage (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2015). \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(1).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abd, Muthanna Muhammad. (2015). Rules governing omission in liability for personal acts. Journal of Legal Sciences, 3(1).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642. (2012). \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c 8(22).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allawa, Abd Al-Khaliq. (2012). The status and role of the concept of fault in civil liability. Journal of Human Sciences, University of Oum El Bouaghi, 8(22).<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 28 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1930. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Court of Cassation, Civil Chamber, Judgment of January 28, 1930. Available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\" target=\"_new\">L\u00e9gifrance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1951. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Court of Cassation, Civil Chamber, Judgment of February 1951. Available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\" target=\"_new\">L\u00e9gifrance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 15 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1994. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Court of Cassation, First Civil Chamber, Judgment of June 15, 1994. Available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\" target=\"_new\">L\u00e9gifrance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1804 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Civil Code of 1804, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1932 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lebanese Code of Obligations and Contracts of 1932, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (131) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Egyptian Civil Code No. 131 of 1948, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (40) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1951 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iraqi Civil Code No. 40 of 1951, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Penal Code, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (111) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1969 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1913 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moroccan Code of Obligations and Contracts of 1913, as amended.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 ( \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639) \u0648 (\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639) \u0648(\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a- \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1967\u0645\u060c \u0635558. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1987\u0645\u060c \u0635355. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1984\u0645\u060c \u063555. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1967\u0645\u060c \u063521. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u060c \u063561. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1932 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (833) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 ( \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629( 78) \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647( \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0640( \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0640( \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643) \u0648\u0628\u0640( \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639) \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063522. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (163) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (131) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 ( \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636) <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1991\u0645\u060c \u063524. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a- \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u0635255. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f(13)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c 1981\u0645\u060c \u063568. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0635420. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1991\u0645\u060c \u063598\u060c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063542. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a- \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0635779. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635211\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062c11\u060c \u0628 \u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u0635129. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u063534. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063563\u060c \u062f. \u0632\u0647\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1963\u0645\u060c \u0635201. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1964\u0645\u060c \u063597. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1966\u0645\u060c \u0635301. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 1994\u0645\u060c \u0635102. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u0635373. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ( 1382) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1804 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627( \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063548. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">()) cass.civ.fevr.1951<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\GroupX\\Downloads\\Telegram%20Desktop\\.https:\\www.legifrance.gouv.fr\">.https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr.<\/a> <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062f. \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017\u0645\u060c \u0635 292-295. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062f. \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635296. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629(191\/1) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 ( \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (202) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 ( \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (216\/1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 ( \u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u0645). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1954\u0645\u060c \u0635405. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1979\u0645\u060c \u063573. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 ( 131) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1948. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1992\u0645\u060c \u0635493. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u063518. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">()\u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1986\u0645\u060c \u0635648. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 172. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-37\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2019\u0645\u060c \u0635206. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-38\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (222\/1) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627( \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u0622\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-39\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629(1\/2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627( \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1\/2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-40\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1986\u0645\u060c \u0635145. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-41\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (111) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1969. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-41\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-42\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635146. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-42\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-43\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u060c\u062c2\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0635 212. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-43\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-44\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a ( \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u063598 <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-44\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-45\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">()\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1988\u0645\u060c \u0635239. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-45\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-46\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">()\u062f. \u063a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1971\u0645\u060c \u0635439. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-46\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-47\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f(52)\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u063578. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-47\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-48\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f(16)\u060c 1952\u0645\u060c \u063543. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-48\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-49\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063535. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-49\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-50\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f(8)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f(22)\u060c2012\u0645\u060c\u0635191. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-50\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-51\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1955\u0645\u060c \u0635354. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-51\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-52\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1086\u0645\u060c\u063597\u060c \u0627\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u063584. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-52\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-53\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0630 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0630\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1803\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635 107\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u063541\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u062c5\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0635496. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-53\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-54\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635417. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-54\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-55\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629( \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639)\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \/ 112\/ \u0641\u064a7\/5\/ 1968 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c 1988\u0645\u060c \u0635260. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-55\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-56\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1383) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a( \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0647). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-56\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-57\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1970\u060c\u0635781. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-57\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-58\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (771) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 ( \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f( 536\u060c 542\u060c 583\u060c 613\u060c 617\u060c 689\u060c 850\u060c 876). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-58\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-59\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u063566. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-59\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-60\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1986\u0645\u060c \u0635114. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-60\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-61\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u060c \u0635197. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-61\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-62\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0635(247-248). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-62\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-63\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635201. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-63\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-64\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635249. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-64\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-65\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1978\u0645\u060c\u0635476. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-65\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-66\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c \u063539. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-66\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-67\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c 2002\u0645\u060c \u063545. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-67\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-68\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633- \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1977\u0645\u060c \u063577. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-68\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-69\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008\u0645\u060c \u0635202. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-69\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-70\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063534. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-70\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-71\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() civ 28 janv. 1930.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\GroupX\\Downloads\\Telegram%20Desktop\\.https:\\www.legifrance.gouv.fr\">.https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr.<\/a> <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-71\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-72\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063589. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-72\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-73\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 2001\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06358. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-73\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-74\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">()\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u060c \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f(3)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f(1)\u060c 2015\u0645\u060c \u0635 33. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-74\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-75\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635252. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-75\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-76\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063597. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-76\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-77\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 34. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-77\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-78\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2004\u0645\u060c \u063534. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-78\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-79\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635101. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-79\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-80\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u063535. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-80\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-81\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063545. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-81\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-82\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635102. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-82\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-83\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635120. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-83\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-84\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c1999\u0645\u060c \u0635498. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-84\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-85\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635122. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-85\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-86\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2018\u0645\u060c \u0635191. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-86\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-87\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2020\u0645\u060c \u0635164. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-87\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-88\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635198. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-88\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-89\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635167. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-89\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-90\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635206. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-90\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-91\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1963\u0645\u060c \u063574. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-91\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-92\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647( \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636)\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: <a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\GroupX\\Downloads\\Telegram%20Desktop\\.https:\\www.legifrance.gouv.fr\">.https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr.<\/a>:civ\u060c1\u060c15\u060cjuin 1994\u060c <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-92\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-93\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (233\/6) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a ( \u0623- \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 75 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628- \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-93\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-94\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (370) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627( 1- \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649.2- \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-94\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-95\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (371) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627( \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f &#8230; \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0647). <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-95\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-96\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063599. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-96\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-97\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u062f. \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635209. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-97\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-98\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635102. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-98\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-99\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645 \/ 114\/ \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \/1997 \u0641\u064a 8\/ 3\/ 1977 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0635256. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-99\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-100\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635701. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-100\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-101\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c\u06352. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-101\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-102\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u060c 1329\u0647\u0640\u060c\u0635225. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-102\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17861-footnote-103\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0635441. <a href=\"#post-17861-footnote-ref-103\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17861","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17861"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17863,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17861\/revisions\/17863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}