{"id":17634,"date":"2026-08-17T18:01:53","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T18:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-8-42\/"},"modified":"2026-08-17T18:05:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T18:05:38","slug":"7-8-42","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-8-42\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 42"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: s12387221@stu.najah.edu<\/p><p>\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u062f. \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633\/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Effect of Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Based Learning on Developing Scientific Thinking Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Chemistry among Ninth-Grade Students in the Arab Community<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Nibal Munir Ghanadri Barbara\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 PhD Program in Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> s12387221@stu.najah.edu<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>Supervised by: Dr. Ghassan Hussein Al-Hilu, An-Najah National University; Prof. Dr. Mohammad Taleb Dabbous, Al-Istiqlal University.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/42' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/42<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/42' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/42<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (8). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 783 - 823<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-08-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue8\/7-8-42.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M. G.. (2026). The Effect of Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Based Learning on Developing Scientific Thinking Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Chemistry among Ninth-Grade Students in the Arab Community. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Barbara, Nibal Munir Ghanadri. 2026. \\&quot;The Effect of Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Based Learning on Developing Scientific Thinking Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Chemistry among Ninth-Grade Students in the Arab Community.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 8. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Barbara, N. M. G.. 2026. The Effect of Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Based Learning on Developing Scientific Thinking Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Chemistry among Ninth-Grade Students in the Arab Community. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-08-01. [Cited 2026-08-18]. 7(8). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-42\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Barbara, N. M. G.. The Effect of Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Based Learning on Developing Scientific Thinking Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Chemistry among Ninth-Grade Students in the Arab Community. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-08-01; 7(8). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Barbara, N. M. G., \\&quot;The Effect of Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Based Learning on Developing Scientific Thinking Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Chemistry among Ninth-Grade Students in the Arab Community,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Barbara, Nibal Munir Ghanadri. \\&quot;The Effect of Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Based Learning on Developing Scientific Thinking Skills and Attitudes toward Learning Chemistry among Ninth-Grade Students in the Arab Community.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026-08-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646. \u0645. \u063a. (2026). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a. 2026. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/42&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646. \u0645. \u063a. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality (VR)- and augmented reality (AR)-based learning on the development of scientific thinking skills and attitudes toward learning chemistry among ninth-grade students. The study focused on scientific experiments and examined the program\u2019s effects by comparing an experimental group that participated in the program with a control group taught through conventional instruction. The study sample consisted of 51 male and female students from an Arab middle school in the Northern District. The participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group comprising 21 students and a control group comprising 30 students. The school was selected purposively because the researcher worked there as a science supervisor. The equivalence of the two groups was verified by comparing their mean science grades from the first semester using an independent-samples t-test, which revealed no statistically significant differences between them. The study employed a quasi-experimental design. The experimental group received instruction through a program incorporating carefully planned VR- and AR-supported learning activities aligned with the learning objectives of the official curriculum, whereas the control group received conventional classroom instruction. Two primary instruments were used to collect data: a 33-item test designed to assess scientific thinking skills and a questionnaire measuring students\u2019 attitudes toward chemistry. The validity, reliability, and psychometric properties of both instruments were established. The findings revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups at the \u03b1 = 0.05 level in favor of the experimental group. Students in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher overall scientific thinking skills and more positive attitudes toward learning chemistry. Based on these findings, the study recommended expanding the use of VR- and AR-based programs in chemistry instruction and training teachers to design technology-supported activities that develop scientific thinking and improve students\u2019 attitudes toward chemistry. Further studies in diverse educational contexts were also recommended to confirm these findings and broaden their applicability.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Virtual reality, augmented reality, scientific thinking skills, attitudes, chemistry, ninth grade.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc205288907\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc205290582\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221276\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc194606833\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc198925375\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc205288908\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc205290583\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221277\"><\/a>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221278\"><\/a>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2024)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Qorbani et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 (Augmented Reality &#8211; AR) \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Kad\u0131o\u011flu &amp; Oskay, 2025). \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (2024)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a 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et al., 2022)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 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id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221280\"><\/a>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 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id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221281\"><\/a>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05= \u03b1) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05= \u03b1) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221282\"><\/a>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0629 (Kad\u0131o\u011flu &amp; Oskay, 2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. (Ajzen, 2005)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: Scientific Thinking Skills<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 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\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 (Qorbani, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (Virtual Reality &#8211; VR) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 (Augmented Reality &#8211; AR) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 (Kad\u0131o\u011flu &amp; Oskay, 2025). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Mohammed &amp; et al., 2020)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a (Elford et al., 2022; Lee &amp; Hwang, 2022)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Pate, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (Virtual Reality-VR)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632(Augmented Reality-AR)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Virtual Laboratory)\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (Kad\u0131o\u011flu &amp; Oskay, 2025; Mohammed &amp; et al., 2020) \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Elford et al., 2022; Lee &amp; Hwang, 2022). \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 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(VR)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 (AR)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 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\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (Al-Nakhle, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (Noris et al., 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 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(Alzahrani &amp; Alhaidar, 2023)<strong>. <\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Tyas et al., 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 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id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221288\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 (Ajzen, 2005). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627&#8221; (Allport, 1935, p. 810).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Schunk et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (2025) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 &#8221; \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631: (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Vygotsky, 1978). \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c (Liu &amp; Wang, 2024). \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 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id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221291\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a (2025) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (PISA) \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 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\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a (33).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (20) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (8) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u064a)\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 &#8220;\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645(17) &#8220;\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632&#8221; \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644&#8221; \u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644&#8221;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (27) \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc225957820\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651156\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221302\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651157\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221303\"><\/a><em>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.67<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.41<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.67<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 (0.42) \u0625\u0644\u0649 (0.73)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b (0.25 &#8211; 0.75). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 (0.33) \u0625\u0644\u0649 (0.62)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 (0.30) (\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 2010)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (20) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.84)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u062a (20) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646: (\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b). \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651164\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221305\"><\/a>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 3 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633: (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">EG: O<sub>1<\/sub> O<sub>2<\/sub> X O<sub>1<\/sub> O<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CG: O<sub>1<\/sub> O<sub>2<\/sub> &#8211; O<sub>1<\/sub> O<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">EG: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CG: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O<sub>1<\/sub>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O<sub>2<\/sub>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">X: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651162\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221306\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS) \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221307\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221308\"><\/a>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651170\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221309\"><\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Hlk222869820\"><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643 (Shapiro-Wilk) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641 Kolmogorov-Smirnov\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629).<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc225957823\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651171\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc231402758\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221310\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651172\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc231402759\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221311\"><\/a> <em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a (Shapiro-Wilk)\u060c \u0648(Kolmogorov-Smirnov) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. <\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Shapiro-Wilk<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Kolmogorov-Smirnov<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.965<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.124<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.972<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.584<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.108<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc225957824\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651173\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc231402760\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221312\"><\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643(Shapiro-Wilk) \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641 (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (0.05 = \u03b1)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc225957825\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651175\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221313\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651176\"><\/a>5)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221314\"><\/a> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 (33)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 (33)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9.67<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24.13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28.13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (23.75) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (9.67) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (28.13) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (4.20)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc225957826\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651177\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221315\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651178\"><\/a>6)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221316\"><\/a> <em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a <\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>F<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>285.117<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>285.117<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.775<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.012<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>305.613<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>305.613<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.262<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>*0.010<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2020.117<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>42.086<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2538.353<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.17)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 (Cohen\u060c 1988)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.01 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.06 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.14 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (17%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc211321898\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc225957827\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651179\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221317\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc225957828\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc211321899\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc226651180\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221318\"><\/a> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (23.33) \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (1.46)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (28.40) \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (1.17). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221319\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648-\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643 (Shapiro-Wilk) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641 Kolmogorov-Smirnov\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221320\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221321\"><\/a> <em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648-\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Shapiro-Wilk<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Kolmogorov-Smirnov<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.964<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.622<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.132<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.977<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.704<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.116<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.957<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.447<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.146<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.159<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.972<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.538<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.121<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.970<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.756<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.118<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.966<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.389<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.135<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.174<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.952<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.319<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.153<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.981<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.836<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.961<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.518<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.126<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.974<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.611<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645(8) \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0643 (Shapiro-Wilk) \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641 (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (0.05 = \u03b1)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221322\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221323\"><\/a> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.82<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>3.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645(9) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.60) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.95)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.13) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.59)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.58) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.99)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.13) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.63)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.52) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.99)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.10) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.60)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.66) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (1.00)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.17) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.61)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.63) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (1.00)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.13) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.68)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645(10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221324\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10)<a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221325\"><\/a> <em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>F<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.189<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.189<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9.928<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.003<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.517<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.517<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.005<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25.087<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.523<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>33.940<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.870<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.870<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>14.701<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.965<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.965<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.345<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.015<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22.432<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.467<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>33.346<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.870<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.870<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16.875<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.729<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.729<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.852<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.019<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22.386<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.466<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>33.390<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9.558<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9.558<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>19.616<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.833<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.833<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.813<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.020<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.388<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.487<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35.973<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.139<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.139<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20.319<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.214<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.214<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.024<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.007<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>19.227<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.401<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.821<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (10) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.14) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 (Cohen, 1988)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (14%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.15, 0.12, 0.11, 0.11)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (11) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0645).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.61) \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.14)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.12) \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.11). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221330\"><\/a>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17634-_Toc236221344\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f. (2024). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642)\u060c 421-444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46515\/jaes.v9i2.713<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aburobe, J. A., Al-Batoush, R. S. A., &amp; Arouri, Y. M. S. (2024). The reality of using virtual laboratories in teaching at the University of Jordan from faculty members\u2019 perspectives. Jordanian Educational Journal, 9(Supplement), 421-444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46515\/jaes.v9i2.713<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a [\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629]. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f. <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/user\/114051628200164020213\/345bbce2-e1ce-4a76-b46e-2ef9103ab601.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/repository.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/user\/114051628200164020213\/345bbce2-e1ce-4a76-b46e-2ef9103ab601.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Basyuni, A. (2022). The concept of science and scientific thinking skills [University lecture]. University of Baghdad Repository.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/user\/114051628200164020213\/345bbce2-e1ce-4a76-b46e-2ef9103ab601.pdf\">https:\/\/repository.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/user\/114051628200164020213\/345bbce2-e1ce-4a76-b46e-2ef9103ab601.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (2025). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b (\u0628): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 39(8)\u060c 627-642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35552\/0247.39.8.2439<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bshartat, M., Mousa, A., &amp; Salha, S. (2025). The impact of using augmented reality technology on the development of scientific concepts among primary education students. An-Najah University Journal for Research-B (Humanities), 39(8), 627-642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35552\/0247.39.8.2439<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f. (2024). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 8(7)\u060c 44-64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.B170224<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Baqami, A. S., &amp; Al-Zahrani, T. S. (2024). The reality of using the virtual laboratory on the Madrasati platform among secondary-school chemistry teachers in Riyadh. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 8(7), 44-64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.B170224<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c 14(30)\u060c 292-305. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v14i30.292\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v14i30.292<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jasim, A. A. (2021). Scientific thinking among preparatory-stage students. Intelligence Research Journal, 14(30), 292-305. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v14i30.292\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v14i30.292<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2025). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (PISA) \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c (121)\u060c 196-218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33193\/JALHSS.121.2025.1446<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jaafari, M. M. A. (2025). The effectiveness of using augmented reality technology in developing scientific problem-solving skills among secondary-school students in light of the PISA tests from teachers\u2019 perspectives. Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (121), 196-218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33193\/JALHSS.121.2025.1446<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062d \u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. (2023). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(14)\u060c 33-51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.K281122<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Harthi, M. M. D., &amp; Al-Arini, H. A. (2023). The extent of using virtual laboratory technology in teaching secondary-school chemistry in a blended-learning environment from female teachers\u2019 perspectives. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 7(14), 33-51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.K281122<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u060c \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (2003). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b (\u0628): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 17(2)\u060c 371-417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35552\/0247-017-002-005<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hilu, G. H. (2003). Academic problems facing faculty members at An-Najah National University in Nablus, Palestine. An-Najah University Journal for Research-B (Humanities), 17(2), 371-417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35552\/0247-017-002-005<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2014). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629]. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.11888\/7403<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dar Ibrahim, Y. S. O. (2014). The effect of using a virtual laboratory for science experiments on developing science process skills and acquiring concepts among fifth-grade female students in Palestine [Master\u2019s thesis, An-Najah National University]. An-Najah National University Repository. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.11888\/7403<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645. (2012). \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zaghloul, E. A. R. (2012). Principles of educational psychology (2nd ed.). University Book House.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2018). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(26)\u060c 70-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.H260718<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zahrani, H. A. (2018). The effect of employing augmented reality technology on developing higher-order thinking skills among middle-school female students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 2(26), 70-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.H260718<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2003). \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saadah, J. A. (2003). Teaching thinking skills: With hundreds of practical examples. Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f. (2024). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 126(1)\u060c 429-456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/maed.2024.377975<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shatti, S. A., &amp; Al-Rayes, M. A. (2024). The effectiveness of augmented reality technology in developing motivation toward learning and academic achievement in home economics among ninth-grade female students in Kuwait. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Mansoura University, 126(1), 429-456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/maed.2024.377975<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646. (2026). \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=108036&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=108036<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shalaby, M. S., &amp; Haidar, N. (2026). Global thinking programs: The first analytical bibliography of five decades of models and experiments (1st ed.). Democratic Arab Center for Strategic, Political, and Economic Studies. <a href=\"https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=108036&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/democraticac.de\/?p=108036<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2020). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c (14)\u060c 1-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33850\/ejev.2020.101827<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shamrani, A. S. A. (2020). Using virtual laboratories in middle-school science teaching: Current reality and future prospects. Arab Journal of Specific Education, (14), 1-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33850\/ejev.2020.101827<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645. (2019). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shanawa, J. R., &amp; Al-Sheibawi, A. H. (2019). Vygotsky\u2019s theory of accelerating thinking and concept acquisition: Methods and steps. Dar Dijlah Library for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2020). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 8(14)\u060c 62-74.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/jropenres\/article\/view\/2229\">https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/jropenres\/article\/view\/2229<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Abbasi, D. A., &amp; Al-Ghamdi, H. A. (2020). The effects of augmented reality on simplifying abstract concepts in chemistry and achieving deep understanding among first-year secondary-school female students. Palestinian Journal for Open Learning &amp; E-Learning, 8(14), 62-74. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/jropenres\/article\/view\/2229?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/jropenres\/article\/view\/2229<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2024). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c (48)\u060c 1-20. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=604&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=604<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ajami, B. M. (2024). The effect of using a virtual laboratory in volumetric analysis lessons on the academic achievement of tenth-grade students in chemistry. Al-Manafeth Cultural Journal, (48), 1-20. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=604&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=604<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(1)\u060c 371-421. <a href=\"https:\/\/research.arabeast.edu.sa\/items\/d2fa1fbd-f4d8-4736-a443-96a40e828cdc?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/research.arabeast.edu.sa\/items\/d2fa1fbd-f4d8-4736-a443-96a40e828cdc<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alajmy, H. N., &amp; Al-Mutairi, S. H. (2023). The effect of using augmented reality technology on developing physical concepts among third-year secondary-school female students. International Journal of Research in Educational Sciences, 6(1), 371-421. <a href=\"https:\/\/research.arabeast.edu.sa\/items\/d2fa1fbd-f4d8-4736-a443-96a40e828cdc?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/research.arabeast.edu.sa\/items\/d2fa1fbd-f4d8-4736-a443-96a40e828cdc<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c 5(20)\u060c 68-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/scpm.site\/archives\/5488?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/scpm.site\/archives\/5488<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Omari, M. S. M. (2022). The role of virtual laboratories in improving the achievement of abstract scientific concepts in science among first-grade intermediate female students at a public school in Jeddah. Creativity Pioneers Journal, 5(20), 68-73. <a href=\"https:\/\/scpm.site\/archives\/5488?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/scpm.site\/archives\/5488<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Odeh, A. S. (2010). Measurement and evaluation in the teaching process (4th ed.). Dar Al-Amal for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 24(6)\u060c 219-251. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ekb.eg\/article_316385.html\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/journals.ekb.eg\/article_316385.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ghamdi, R. A. R. (2023). The effect of using virtual laboratories on developing creative thinking in the science course among third-grade elementary students in Al-Taif. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 24(6), 219-251. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ekb.eg\/article_316385.html\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/journals.ekb.eg\/article_316385.html<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2019). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(25)\u060c 226-240. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/nafsia\/article\/view\/2451?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/nafsia\/article\/view\/2451<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Mashharawi, H. S. (2019). The effectiveness of employing augmented reality technology in teaching tenth-grade students to develop motivation toward learning and academic achievement in technology education in Gaza. Journal of Al-Quds Open University for Educational and Psychological Research and Studies, 9(25), 226-240. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/nafsia\/article\/view\/2451?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/journals.qou.edu\/index.php\/nafsia\/article\/view\/2451<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623. \u0645. (2020). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 12(15)\u060c 118-122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7176\/EJBM\/12-15-13<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Nawaiseh, S. J., Al-Nawaiseh, A. M., &amp; Abdalla, E. A. M. (2020). The impact of using augmented reality on developing tenth graders\u2019 motivation toward learning: An applied study on chemistry courses. European Journal of Business and Management, 12(15), 118-122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7176\/EJBM\/12-15-13<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2023). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 15(4)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 ep474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30935\/cedtech\/13739<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alhashem, F., &amp; Alfailakawi, A. (2023). Technology-enhanced learning through virtual laboratories in chemistry education. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(4), Article ep474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30935\/cedtech\/13739<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2023). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(45)\u060c 123-145.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Nawaiseh, S., et al. (2023). The effect of using augmented reality on tenth-grade students\u2019 motivation toward learning chemistry. Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(45), 123-145.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ajzen, I. (2005). <em>Attitudes, personality, and behavior<\/em> (2 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ghamdi, R. (2023). The effect of using virtual laboratories in developing creative thinking in the science course of elementary third graders in Al-Taif. <em>Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 24<\/em>(6), 219-251. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jsre.2023.219625.1583\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jsre.2023.219625.1583<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allport, G. (1935). Attitudes. In C. Murchison (Ed.), <em>A handbook of social psychology <\/em>(pp. 798-844). Clark University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Nakhle, H. (2022). The effectiveness of scenario-based virtual laboratory simulations to improve learning outcomes and scientific report writing skills. <em>PLOS ONE,, 17<\/em>(11). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/e0277359\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/e0277359<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alqallaf, A., Alajmi, M., &amp; Alshammari, N., &amp; Almutairi, B. (2025). The efficacy of an augmented reality-based virtual lab on students&#8217; self-efficacy and learning motivation in chemistry. <em>Frontiers in Education, 10<\/em>, 1485600.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alrmuny, D. (2022). <em>Middle school students\u2019 perceptions, experiences, and behaviors toward using a virtual reality application to build molecules.<\/em> (Doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado). University of Northern Colorado Digital Scholarship.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alzahrani, M., &amp; Alhaidar, W. (2023). The effectiveness of using virtual laboratories to acquire scientific thinking skills and develop the attitude of ninth grade students. <em>International Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 12<\/em>(6), 1100-1125.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ayd\u0131n, S., &amp; Kaptan, F. (2023). A study on scientific thinking skills and professional experience of teachers. <em>International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 11<\/em>(2), 325-345.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bazie, H., Lemma, B., &amp; Workneh, A., &amp; Estifanos, A. (2024). 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(1988). <em>Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 2). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jack, G., &amp; Shidawa, E. (2025). Effect of virtual laboratory practical on students\u2019 attitude towards chemistry. <em>Journal of Education in Developing Areas, 33<\/em>(2), 1-14.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kad\u0131o\u011flu, M., &amp; Oskay, O. (2025). The impact of augmented reality on students\u2019 academic achievement and engagement in chemistry education. <em>Journal of Science Education and Technology, 34<\/em>(2), 145-162.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lee, H., &amp; Hwang, W. (2022). Enhancing creative and critical thinking in science education using virtual and augmented reality. <em>Educational Technology Research and Development, 70<\/em>(4), 1001-1020.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liu, Y., &amp; Wang, X. (2024). Teaching chemistry in the metaverse: The effectiveness of using virtual and augmented reality for visualization. <em>Frontiers in Education, 8<\/em>, 1184768. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2023.1184768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2023.1184768<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mohammed, A., &amp; et al. (2020). Virtual laboratories in science education: Enhancing conceptual understanding and practical skills. <em>International Journal of Educational Technology, 17<\/em>(3), 55-70.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mohammed, A., Daniel, T., &amp; Lasisi, A. R., &amp; Dania, C. M. (2020). 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(1978). <em>Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.<\/em> Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17634","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17634"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17634\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17635,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17634\/revisions\/17635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}