{"id":17452,"date":"2026-07-27T19:10:44","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T19:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-77\/"},"modified":"2026-07-27T19:14:21","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T19:14:21","slug":"7-6-77","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-6-77\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 77"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062a)<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062c<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Civil Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Robot Operations<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Khalil Jasim Hammadi Al-Janabi\u00b9, Prof. Dr. Rima Faraj\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Islamic University in Beirut, Lebanon.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/77' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/77<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/77' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/77<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1392 - 1407<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-77.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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J. H., Faraj R.. (2026). Civil Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Robot Operations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/77&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Janabi Khalil Jasim Hammadi, Faraj Rima. 2026. \\&quot;Civil Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Robot Operations.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/77&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Janabi K. J. H., Faraj R.. 2026. Civil Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Robot Operations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-07-29]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-77\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/77&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Janabi K. J. H., Faraj R.. Civil Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Robot Operations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/77&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Janabi K. J. H., Faraj R., \\&quot;Civil Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Robot Operations,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/77&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Janabi Khalil Jasim Hammadi, Faraj Rima. \\&quot;Civil Liability Arising from the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Robot Operations.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/77&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062e. \u062c. \u062d\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0631. 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\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to analyse the legal framework governing civil liability for damage arising from the use of artificial intelligence technologies, particularly robots, and to assess the adequacy of traditional liability rules in addressing the legal challenges posed by these technologies, including identifying the liable party and establishing fault, damage, and causation. The study employed analytical and comparative approaches by examining relevant legal provisions, particularly under Iraqi and French law, and comparing their treatment of liability for defective products and harm caused by intelligent systems. It also addressed the conditions for applying the defective product liability regime to robots, the parties subject to such liability, and the elements required to establish it. Furthermore, it examined the possibility of contractually modifying liability through exemption, limitation, or aggravation clauses. The study found that a robot may legally be classified as a product, thereby allowing the producer or supplier to be held liable where the defect, damage, and causal relationship between them are established. Nevertheless, the relative autonomy and technical complexity of intelligent systems, along with the multiplicity of parties involved in their design and operation, render traditional liability rules inadequate in certain cases and make attributing harm and establishing liability more difficult. The study recommended enacting specific legislation governing civil liability for artificial intelligence-related damage, adopting risk-based liability for high-risk applications, and introducing compulsory insurance to ensure compensation for injured parties while maintaining a balance between legal protection and technological innovation.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Civil liability; artificial intelligence; robots; defective products; strict liability; compensation.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17452-_Toc188120399\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c 1983.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmad Shawqi Abd al-Rahman, The Seller\u2019s Liability for Latent Defects in Automobile Sales: A Jurisprudential and Judicial Study, 1st ed., Cairo: Al-Matba\u2018a al-\u2018Arabiyya al-Haditha, 1983.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2017.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmad Kamal Ahmad, The Legal Nature of the Intelligent Agent on the Internet, 1st ed., Cairo: National Center for Legal Publications, 2017.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amal Fawzi Ahmad Awad Mahmoud, Digital Ownership in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges of the Present and the Future, 1st ed., Berlin: Arab Democratic Center for Strategic, Political, and Economic Studies, 2021.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f.\u0646\u060c 2000.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hussam al-Din Kamil al-Ahwani, The General Theory of Obligations, Part I, Vol. I: Voluntary Sources of Obligations, 3rd ed., Cairo: n.p., 2000.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2006.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khalid bin Nawaf al-Harbi, Internet Security and Protection for the Arab User, 1st ed., Riyadh: Dar al-Falah for Publishing and Distribution, 2006.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 3 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c 2013.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tariq Kazim Ajeel, The Extended Commentary on Civil Law: An In-Depth Comparative Study of Western and Islamic Jurisprudence, 3 vols., 1st ed., Beirut: Zain Legal Publications, 2013.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1999.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alaa Abd al-Razzaq Muhammad al-Salmi, Information Systems and Artificial Intelligence, 1st ed., Amman: Dar al-Manahij for Publishing and Distribution, 1999.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muhammad Subhi Najm, Penal Law: General Part\u2014The General Theory of Crime, Amman: Dar al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, 2010.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 10\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c 1994.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muhammad Fahmi Talaba et al., Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Delta Books Series, No. 10, Cairo: Al-Maktab al-Misri al-Hadith Press, 1994.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c12\u060c \u06392\u060c \u062c1\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635156\u2013168.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ben Othman, Farida, \u201cArtificial Intelligence: A Legal Approach,\u201d Dafater Al-Siyasa wa Al-Qanun (Journal of Politics and Law), vol. 12, no. 2, pt. 1, 2020, pp. 156\u2013168.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u061f\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 26\u201327 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2018\u060c \u06351\u201318.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Samia Chehbi Gamoura, Baye Mohamed, and Hizia Krouch, \u201cArtificial Intelligence between Reality and Aspiration: A Technical and Field Study,\u201d paper presented at the First International Conference, Artificial Intelligence: A New Challenge for Law?, Algeria, 26\u201327 November 2018, pp. 1\u201318.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u060c \u063927\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c 2018\u060c \u06351\u201316\u060c DOI: 10.12816\/0059872.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shadi Abdel Wahab, Ibrahim Al-Ghitani, and Sarah Yehia, Opportunities and Threats of Artificial Intelligence over the Next Ten Years, edited by Ehab Khalifa, Future Report, supplement to Trends of Events, no. 27, Abu Dhabi: Future Center for Advanced Research and Studies, 2018, pp. 1\u201316. DOI: 10.12816\/0059872.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u00ab\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u063939\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2009\u060c \u0635253\u2013311.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tariq Kazim Ajeel, \u201cThe Extent of Warranty for Latent Defects in Information Technology Contracts,\u201d Sharia and Law Journal, College of Law, United Arab Emirates University, no. 39, July 2009, pp. 253\u2013311.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u00ab\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c8\u060c \u06395\u060c 2019\u060c \u063514\u201335\u060c DOI: 10.12816\/0056135.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Imad Abd al-Rahim al-Dahiyat, \u201cTowards Legal Recognition of Artificial Intelligence in Our Lives: The Problematic Relationship between Human and Machine,\u201d Al-Ijtihad Journal for Legal and Economic Studies, vol. 8, no. 5, 2019, pp. 14\u201335. DOI: 10.12816\/0056135.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u00bb\u060c Route Educational &amp; Social Science Journal\u060c \u0645\u062c6\u060c \u06395\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2019\u060c \u0635735\u2013769.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alkarar Habeeb Jahlool and Hussam Oabes Ouda, \u201cCivil Liability for Damage Caused by the Robot: A Comparative Analytical Study,\u201d Route Educational &amp; Social Science Journal, vol. 6, no. 5, May 2019, pp. 735\u2013769.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063975\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021\u060c \u06351628\u20131742\u060c DOI: 10.21608\/mjle.2021.175396.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mohamed Mohamed Al-Qutub Musaad Saeed, \u201cThe Role of Intellectual Property Rules in Facing the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Analytical Legal Study,\u201d Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Faculty of Law, Mansoura University, no. 75, March 2021, pp. 1628\u20131742. DOI: 10.21608\/mjle.2021.175396.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdullah Ibrahim Abd al-Aziz al-Ghadir, Automatic Recognition of Facial Changes Using Artificial Intelligence, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2004.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fatin Abdullah Ibrahim Saleh, The Impact of Applying Artificial and Emotional Intelligence on the Quality of Decision-Making, Master\u2019s Thesis in Business Administration, College of Business, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan, 2009.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2005.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muhammad Dheeb Hamoud Al-Otaibi, Detecting Unauthorized Root Access Using Artificial Intelligence, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2005.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2020.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Naila Ali Khamis Mohammed Kharour Al-Muhairi, Civil Liability for Damage Caused by Robots: An Analytical Study, Master\u2019s Thesis in Private Law, College of Law, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, 2020.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 2016-131 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2016 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2016.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Ordinance No. 2016-131 of 10 February 2016 Reforming Contract Law, the General Regime of Obligations, and Proof of Obligations, Official Journal of the French Republic, 11 February 2016.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 40 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1951 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06393015\u060c 1951.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iraqi Civil Code No. 40 of 1951, as amended, Iraqi Official Gazette, no. 3015, 1951.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Richards, N. M., and W. D. Smart, \u201cHow Should the Law Think About Robots?\u201d in Ryan Calo, A. Michael Froomkin, and Ian Kerr (eds.), Robot Law, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016, pp. 3\u201322. DOI: 10.4337\/9781783476732.00007.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635165. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635184. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1245) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 131 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1245) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 131 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635362. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635232. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 2021\u060c \u0635274. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup> NM Richards and WD Smart, How Should the Law Think About Robots? in R Calo, AM Froomkin and I Kerr (eds), Robot Law Edward Elgar, 2016, p. 18 <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (36)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2021\u060c \u063585. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c 2018\u060c \u063532. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2017\u060c \u063539. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (1231)\u060c (1240) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 131 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>(<\/sup>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (259) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 40 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8221; 1\u2013\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015\u060c \u063574. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (568) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u064a\u062c\u0640\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628&#8221; <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c 4- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 3- \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8230;\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c&#8230;\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 &#8230;\u060c &#8230;\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0647&#8230;. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2019\u060c \u063571. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (8)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (5)\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635319. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (570) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 109. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>(<\/sup>) \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (131) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 40 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8221; 1 \u2013 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629. 2 \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b&#8221;. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>(<\/sup>) \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2001\u060c \u063588. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 65 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063513. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 6\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635205. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (570\/1) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>(<\/sup>) \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635260. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup> \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 27\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635159. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06372, \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635565. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635567. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 12\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635418. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17452-footnote-31\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635105. <a href=\"#post-17452-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17452","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17452"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17456,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17452\/revisions\/17456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}