{"id":17373,"date":"2026-07-01T14:45:22","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T14:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-7-32\/"},"modified":"2026-07-01T14:49:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T14:49:07","slug":"7-7-32","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-7-32\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 32"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Salma Abdul Majeed Mohammed Al-Amin\u00b9, Waleed Ramadan Musa\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 University of the Red Sea, Sudan.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/32' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/32<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/32' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/32<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (7). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 788 - 600<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-07-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue7\/7-7-32.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A., Musa W. R.. (2026). Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Mohammed Al-Amin, Salma Abdul Majeed; Musa, Waleed Ramadan. 2026. \\&quot;Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 7. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Mohammed Al-Amin S. A., Musa W. R.. 2026. Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-07-01. [Cited 2026-07-01]. 7(7). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-32\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Mohammed Al-Amin S. A., Musa W. R.. Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-07-01; 7(7). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/32&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Mohammed Al-Amin S. A., Musa W. R., \\&quot;Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/32&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Mohammed Al-Amin, Salma Abdul Majeed; Musa, Waleed Ramadan. \\&quot;Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026-07-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/32&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633. \u0639.\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648. \u0631. 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to analyze the obstacles to internal transport and their impact on the efficiency and quality of livestock exports in Sudan by examining the current means of transporting livestock from production areas to collection centers, quarantines, and export ports, and by identifying the main challenges that limit the efficiency of these operations. The study adopted the descriptive analytical method, supported by inductive and deductive approaches, to trace the problems of internal transport and analyze their relationship with the quality, cost, transport time, and loss rates of livestock exports. The study addressed the geographical and economic dimensions of transport in Sudan, the current state of road, river, and rail transport, as well as the general and specific obstacles associated with livestock transport. The findings revealed that poor road infrastructure, high fuel, maintenance, and fee costs, the scarcity of specialized transport vehicles, the declining efficiency of railways and river transport, and weak logistical and veterinary services are major factors that negatively affect the quality of exported livestock and increase stress, mortality, and delays, thereby weakening the competitiveness of Sudanese exports in foreign markets. The study also concluded that road transport remains the most widely used mode under current conditions due to its flexibility and ability to reach production areas, while rail and river transport represent more economically efficient strategic options if rehabilitated. The study recommended developing national and rural road networks, modernizing livestock transport vehicles in accordance with health and veterinary requirements, rehabilitating rail and river transport, simplifying customs and administrative procedures, and strengthening coordination among transport, livestock, and port authorities in order to reduce losses, lower costs, and improve the quality of Sudanese livestock exports.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Internal transport; Livestock; Sudanese exports; Road transport; Logistics services; Sudan.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0661-\u0661 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 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\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0661-\u0666 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0661-\u0667 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0661-\u0668 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a 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\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 4,320 \u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u06487,580 \u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3,000 \u06483,500 \u0643\u0645 \u2014 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 186 \u0643\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u2013\u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0641\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 1,200 \u0643\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u062f\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0639\u0637\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0662-\u0663 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u061b \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1922 \u0642.\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623) \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a (1820-1882\u0645):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1824\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u064f\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1822\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628) \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (1899-1956\u0645):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a 40 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0627 (1,436 \u0643\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 (332 \u0643\u0645). \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u2014 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u064a \u2014 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u2013\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0627 (1,436 \u0643\u0645) \u2014 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u2013\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 (332 \u0643\u0645) \u2014 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0647\u064e\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623) \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628) \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 4,920 \u0643\u0645 (4,222 \u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648698 \u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629). \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1892\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0662-\u0664 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643\u064a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0646\/\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u2014 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0663-\u0661 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 (\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 100 \u0643\u0645\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 (\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0663-\u0662 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0663-\u0663 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 (\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u2014 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u2014 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645: \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0628 (N=113\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e=0.861) \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u00bb \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 (4.558 \u0645\u0646 5)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b (4.786 \u0645\u0646 5\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 78.6%).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0663-\u0664 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062d\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0664-\u0661 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (t=70.63, p&lt;0.001)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0665-\u0661 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0665-\u0662 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: \u0661. \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u2014 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 78.6%) \u0662. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f) \u0663. \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\/\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0664. \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0665. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629. (2015\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Babiker, Hamza Abdullah Hamza. (2015). Strategic Planning to Support Road Transport Facilities in the Regular Forces: A Case Study of the Sudanese Police Forces. PhD dissertation, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Al-Ribat National University, Sudan.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2003\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a GATS \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hadi, Doria Ahmed. (2003). The Economic Effects of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on Maritime Transport in Sudan. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. (2002\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Doud, Osman Adam Yousif. (2002). Road Transport and Its Economic and Social Effects in Nyala City, South Darfur State. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. (2021\u0645). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 2014\u20132019\u0645. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdulrahman, Nabil Mohammed Al-Hassan. (2021). The Impact of River Transport on Sudan\u2019s Foreign Trade with a Focus on Trade with the Republic of South Sudan, 2014\u20132019. PhD dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2010\u0645). \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmed, Ahmed Mohammed. (2010). The Geography of Transport and Communications in Sudan. Khartoum: University of Khartoum Press.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631. (2020\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges. (2020). Annual Report on the Road, Rail, and River Transport Sector in Sudan. Khartoum: Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. (2022\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a: \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Central Bureau of Statistics, Sudan. (2022). Annual Statistical Yearbook: Transport and Communications Sector. Khartoum: Central Bureau of Statistics.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629. (2023\u0645). \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries. (2023). Report on Livestock Exports and Internal Transport Problems. Khartoum: Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0661-\u0661 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17373","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17373"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17375,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17373\/revisions\/17375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}