{"id":17249,"date":"2026-06-30T09:01:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-7-11\/"},"modified":"2026-06-30T09:27:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:27:42","slug":"7-7-11","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-7-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 11"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623. \u0645.\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Assoc. Prof. Dr. Inaam Majeed Obaid Kadhim<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Psychological Research Center, Iraq.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/11' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/11<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/11' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/11<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (7). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 174 - 187<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-07-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue7\/7-7-11.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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Prof. Dr. Inaam Majeed Obaid Kadhim&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0623. \u0645.\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-11\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-07-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Kadhim I. M. O.. (2026). Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Kadhim Inaam Majeed Obaid. 2026. \\&quot;Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 7. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Kadhim I. M. O.. 2026. Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-07-01. [Cited 2026-07-01]. 7(7). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-11\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Kadhim I. M. O.. Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-07-01; 7(7). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Kadhim I. M. O., \\&quot;Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Kadhim Inaam Majeed Obaid. \\&quot;Council Betrayal in Educational Institutions from the Perspective of University Faculty Members.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026-07-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0625. \u0645. \u0639. (2026). \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/11&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0625. \u0645. \u0639. \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> The study aimed to identify the level of council betrayal in educational institutions from the perspective of faculty members at the University of Baghdad, and to examine the statistical significance of differences in their responses according to gender and academic specialization. The study adopted the descriptive method, and the sample consisted of 306 male and female faculty members from scientific and humanities specializations, selected randomly during the academic year 2025\u20132026. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a 22-item scale for measuring council betrayal. The validity of the scale was verified through face validity and construct validity, while its reliability was calculated using Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient, which reached 0.765. The statistical analysis also showed that the scale items had appropriate discriminatory power and internal consistency. The results revealed a statistically significant level of council betrayal in educational institutions from the perspective of the sample members, as the overall mean reached 69.85 with a standard deviation of 12.83, and the calculated t-value was 20.252, which was significant at the 0.05 level. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences according to gender, while statistically significant differences were found according to academic specialization in favor of scientific specializations. The study concluded with the need to promote ethical and professional awareness within university institutions, activate academic codes of conduct, and organize awareness programs to reduce practices of council betrayal and protect the confidentiality of professional and academic relationships.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Council Betrayal, Educational Institutions, University Faculty Members, Professional Conduct, Academic Integrity.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c 2003)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0640\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.. \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629. (\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c 1964).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633&#8221; \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 &#8220;\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0640 &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a) \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0643 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a&#8221; (\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630). \u0641\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 2025)<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645 (Expectancy Theory)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645 Vroom Victor \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0640 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647.(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c 2018\u060c 210)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629) \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 (Expectancy):<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 (Instrumentality):<\/strong> \u064a\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629&#8221; \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Valence):<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 (\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629) \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0647)\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. (\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c 2020)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627_ \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b Research Methodology)):\u0640<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b Research Population)):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a(2025_2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 (306) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (135) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a, \u0648 (171) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 (22) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642) \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (1\u060c2\u060c3\u060c4) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u062d\u06421) \u0648\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (80%) \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 , \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (20) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646((23- 15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u063a 15.5)) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (Ghiselli et al,1981:421). \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (306) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623- \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Extremist Groups method): <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 (306) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a (t. test) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.4940<\/td>\n<td>.73871<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">13.006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.2262<\/td>\n<td>.49943<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.3133<\/td>\n<td>.85437<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">11.281<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.1429<\/td>\n<td>.41487<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.7590<\/td>\n<td>.43027<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">21.658<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.1905<\/td>\n<td>.50243<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.5783<\/td>\n<td>.62704<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">11.340<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.4286<\/td>\n<td>.68170<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.9036<\/td>\n<td>.29691<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">29.495<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.1548<\/td>\n<td>.45241<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">6<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.9036<\/td>\n<td>.29691<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">24.843<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.2976<\/td>\n<td>.50966<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">7<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.9036<\/td>\n<td>.29691<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">15.279<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.5238<\/td>\n<td>.76798<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">8<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.8554<\/td>\n<td>.35381<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">18.094<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.4286<\/td>\n<td>.62644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">9<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.8193<\/td>\n<td>.38713<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">31.520<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.1071<\/td>\n<td>.31115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">10<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.8193<\/td>\n<td>.47227<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">16.761<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.3452<\/td>\n<td>.64926<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">11<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.6747<\/td>\n<td>.66458<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">13.929<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.3095<\/td>\n<td>.60073<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">12<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.9277<\/td>\n<td>.26054<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">13.059<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.6667<\/td>\n<td>.84073<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">13<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.7108<\/td>\n<td>.59531<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">13.076<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.4167<\/td>\n<td>.68033<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">14<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.7831<\/td>\n<td>.49505<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">17.288<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.3095<\/td>\n<td>.60073<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">15<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.9639<\/td>\n<td>.18778<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">27.967<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.2976<\/td>\n<td>.50966<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">16<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.7831<\/td>\n<td>.56414<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">15.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.3452<\/td>\n<td>.66756<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">17<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.9639<\/td>\n<td>.18778<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">19.980<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.4167<\/td>\n<td>.68033<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">18<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.8193<\/td>\n<td>.47227<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">20.269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.2857<\/td>\n<td>.50471<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">19<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>4.0000<\/td>\n<td>.00000<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">14.723<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.6310<\/td>\n<td>.84710<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">20<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.7952<\/td>\n<td>.40602<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">18.910<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.3214<\/td>\n<td>.58414<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">21<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.7590<\/td>\n<td>.57574<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">20.871<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.1786<\/td>\n<td>.38529<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">22<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>3.7952<\/td>\n<td>.48788<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">18.513<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2.2976<\/td>\n<td>.55493<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1,96)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 Validity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627Stanly and Hopkins , 1972, p.101)) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 (Allen and Yen,1979,p.46).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a Construct Validity<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Allen &amp; Yen, 1979) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0647 (Allen &amp; Yen, 1979:124) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Nunnally, 1978:261).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson) \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>.406<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>.450<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>.454<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>.401<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>.395<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>.509<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>.410<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>.435<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>.593<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>.564<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>.517<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>.520<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>.518<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>.542<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>.450<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>.519<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>.710<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>.573<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>.599<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>.572<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>.417<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>.545<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1.96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a Reliability<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0643\u060c 1986\u060c 79) \u0648\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <strong>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 (.765).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (306) \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a <strong>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 <\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a (69.8529) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (12.82906) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (20.252) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,05) \u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1\u060c96) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <strong>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>306<\/td>\n<td>69.8529<\/td>\n<td>12.82906<\/td>\n<td>305<\/td>\n<td>20.252<\/td>\n<td>1\u060c96<\/td>\n<td>0\u060c05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">* \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (1.96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (305).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631-\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (135) \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 (70.5778) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (12.31579) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0646 (171) \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (69.2807) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (13.22798) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 (.878) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1.96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631-\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062b)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>135<\/td>\n<td>70.5778<\/td>\n<td>12.31579<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">.878<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">1.96<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<td>171<\/td>\n<td>69.2807<\/td>\n<td>13.22798<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (105) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 (72.4571) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (12.21288) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (201) \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (68.4925) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (12.96191) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (2.590) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (1,96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,05) \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>105<\/td>\n<td>72.4571<\/td>\n<td>12.21288<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">2.590<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">1,96<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>201<\/td>\n<td>68.4925<\/td>\n<td>12.96191<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629..<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635) \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (84\/\u0623) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631. (1984). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Ashur, Muhammad al-Tahir. (1984). Al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir. Tunisia: Tunisian Publishing House.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a. (1414\u0647\u0640). \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u06373.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Manzur, Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Ali al-Ansari. (1414 AH). Lisan al-Arab. Beirut: Dar Sader, 3rd ed.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c 7(1)\u060c 272-286.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bouguendoura, Yamina, &amp; Denbri, Lotfi. (2020). The Behavioral Approach to Incentives: A Reading of the Contributions of Some Pioneers. Journal of Human Sciences, University of Oum El Bouaghi, 7(1), 272\u2013286.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062d\u0631. (2015). \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hussein, Sahar. (2015). Disclosure of Professional Secrets as a Betrayal of Trust and a Strict Legal Penalty. Baghdad, Iraq: Supreme Judicial Council.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2025). \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 10(2).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Tabouni, Fathia Masoud Muhammad. (2025). Rulings and Effects of Betrayal of Councils through Social Media in Islamic Sharia. Journal of Educational Sciences, Libyan Association for Curricula and Teaching Strategies, 10(2).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628. (1996). \u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Fayruzabadi, Majd al-Din Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ya\u2018qub. (1996). Basa\u2019ir Dhawi al-Tamyiz fi Lata\u2019if al-Kitab al-Aziz. Edited by Muhammad Ali al-Najjar. Cairo: Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs, Committee for the Revival of Islamic Heritage.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06373.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Masa\u2018deh, Majid Abd al-Mahdi. (2020). Organizational Behavior. Amman: Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, 3rd ed.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621. (2003). \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2003). Instruction Manual for Completing Educational Statistics Forms.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0646\u0648\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0629. (2015). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u0633\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u0633\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wenoughi, Fatiha. (2015). The Effect of Salaries on Job Satisfaction, Compensation Satisfaction, and Self-Motivation among Higher Education Professors: A Field Study at Ferhat Abbas University \u2013 Setif. Doctoral dissertation in Economic Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University \u2013 Setif, Algeria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Allen, M. J., &amp; Yen, W. M. (1979). Introduction to Measurement Theory. Monterey, CA: Brooks\/Cole.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Ghiselli, E. E., Campbell, J. P., &amp; Zedeck, S. (1981). Measurement Theory for the Behavioral Sciences. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Stanley, J. C., &amp; Hopkins, K. D. (1972). Educational and Psychological Measurement and Evaluation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17249","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17249"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17307,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17249\/revisions\/17307"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}