{"id":16981,"date":"2026-06-01T02:24:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-52\/"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:24:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:24:00","slug":"7-6-52","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-6-52\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 52"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Vehicle Sale Contract in Iraqi Law<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Muntaser Khalaf Ali\u00b9, Ali Al-Rahal\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Faculty of Law and Political Science, Islamic University of Lebanon.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/52' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/52<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/52' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/52<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 906 - 928<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-52.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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K., Al-Rahal A.. (2026). Vehicle Sale Contract in Iraqi Law. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ali Muntaser Khalaf, Al-Rahal Ali. 2026. \\&quot;Vehicle Sale Contract in Iraqi Law.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ali M. K., Al-Rahal A.. 2026. Vehicle Sale Contract in Iraqi Law. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-01]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-52\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ali M. K., Al-Rahal A.. Vehicle Sale Contract in Iraqi Law. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ali M. K., Al-Rahal A., \\&quot;Vehicle Sale Contract in Iraqi Law,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ali Muntaser Khalaf, Al-Rahal Ali. \\&quot;Vehicle Sale Contract in Iraqi Law.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645. \u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639. (2026). \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a. 2026. \u00ab\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645. \u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639. \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to clarify the legal nature of the vehicle sale contract in Iraqi law and the specific formal requirements imposed by the legislator for transferring vehicle ownership. It distinguishes between an unregistered external contract and a traffic contract concluded before the registration officer at the competent traffic department. The study is based on a central problem represented by the practical and judicial confusion between the sale contract as a consensual contract under general rules, and the vehicle sale contract as a legal transaction whose ownership-transfer effects arise only upon fulfilling the formal requirements prescribed by Iraqi Traffic Law No. 86 of 2004, as amended, and Vehicle Registration and Driving License Instructions No. 1 of 2009. The study adopts the inductive method to trace the relevant legal provisions, decisions, and instructions, and the descriptive-analytical method to examine the provisions of the Iraqi Civil Code, the Traffic Law, and the Brokerage Law, as well as judicial applications concerning the effects of external contracts. The study concludes that vehicle sale contracts are divided into valid internal contracts that transfer ownership when concluded before the registration officer and completed according to legal procedures, and ordinary or traffic external contracts that do not transfer ownership, although they may prove a debt or obligations between the parties. The study also shows that granting an administrative formality to external contracts through licensed showrooms or offices is insufficient to make them valid contracts unless the transfer of ownership is acknowledged before the competent traffic authority. The study finds that failure to comply with the required legal formality results in the invalidity or non-conclusion of the contract, which entails restoring the contracting parties to the position they were in before the contract, with the possibility of claiming compensation where appropriate. It also confirms the jurisdiction of the courts to hear disputes arising from external contracts, without granting them the authority to order ownership transfer on the basis of such contracts. Rather, the judicial effect is limited to applying the consequences of invalidity, including the return of the price or the vehicle, as the case may be. The study recommends abolishing certain procedures and instructions that burden the parties without having a real effect on ownership transfer, and amending the relevant legal provisions in a way that balances transaction stability, protection of contractual parties, and simplification of vehicle registration procedures.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Vehicle Sale Contract; Legal Formality; Iraqi Traffic Law; External Contract; Transfer of Ownership; Contract Invalidity.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16981","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}