{"id":16979,"date":"2026-06-01T02:23:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-50\/"},"modified":"2026-06-06T18:08:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T18:08:29","slug":"7-6-50","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-6-50\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 50"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u062f. \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u062f. \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: faten.nayitah@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.  \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: aabaalkheel@kau.edu<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Mediating Role of Self-Control in the Relationship Between Parental Support and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Faten Bakr Mohamed Naytah\u00b9, Dr. Amna Abdulaziz Aba Al-Khail\u00b2, Dr. Hadeel Abdullah Akram\u00b3<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Department of Psychology, College of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> faten.nayitah@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Associate Professor of Educational Psychology, College of Education, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> aabaalkheel@ka<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/50' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/50<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/50' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/50<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 863 - 880<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-50.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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B. M., Aba Al-Khail A. A., Akram H. A.. (2026). The Mediating Role of Self-Control in the Relationship Between Parental Support and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Naytah Faten Bakr Mohamed, Aba Al-Khail Amna Abdulaziz, Akram Hadeel Abdullah. 2026. \\&quot;The Mediating Role of Self-Control in the Relationship Between Parental Support and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Naytah F. B. M., Aba Al-Khail A. A., Akram H. A.. 2026. The Mediating Role of Self-Control in the Relationship Between Parental Support and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-21]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-50\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Naytah F. B. M., Aba Al-Khail A. A., Akram H. A.. The Mediating Role of Self-Control in the Relationship Between Parental Support and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Naytah F. B. M., Aba Al-Khail A. A., Akram H. A., \\&quot;The Mediating Role of Self-Control in the Relationship Between Parental Support and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Naytah Faten Bakr Mohamed, Aba Al-Khail Amna Abdulaziz, Akram Hadeel Abdullah. \\&quot;The Mediating Role of Self-Control in the Relationship Between Parental Support and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641. \u0628. \u0645\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0622. \u0639\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0640 \u0639. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641. \u0628. \u0645\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0622. \u0639\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0640 \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-06-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-06-21]. 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-50\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641. \u0628. \u0645\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0622. \u0639\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0640 \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-06-01\u061b 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/50&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641. \u0628. \u0645\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0622. \u0639\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0640 \u0639. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 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class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between parental support and academic self-efficacy among university students. A descriptive correlational-analytical design was employed with a sample of 452 students from universities in Jeddah. The study used three researcher-developed measures: Parental Support Scale, Self-Control Scale, and Academic Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the direct and indirect effects among the variables. The results indicated high levels of parental support, self-control, and academic self-efficacy. Significant positive correlations were found among the three variables. The structural model revealed significant direct effects of parental support on self-control, self-control on academic self-efficacy, and parental support on academic self-efficacy. Moreover, parental support had a significant indirect effect on academic self-efficacy through self-control, indicating a partial mediation effect. The study recommends strengthening supportive family environments and developing university students\u2019 self-control skills as a counseling pathway to enhance their academic self-efficacy.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> parental support, self-control, academic self-efficacy, university students, structural equation modeling.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2020). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a (Talsma et al., 2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a (Bandura, 1997, 2001). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (Bandura, 2000, 2012). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 (Zimmerman, 2000) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d (Artino, 2012) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 (Muraven &amp; Baumeister, 2000). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (N\u0119cka et al., 2016, 2019; Nilsen et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 (Ruholt et al., 2015). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Acharya &amp; Joshi, 2011; DeFauw et al., 2018; Kim, 2014). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c (Li et al., 2019) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Bandura, 1997; Talsma et al., 2019). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 (Tangney et al., 2004). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d (N\u0119cka et al., 2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Kim (2014) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Ruholt et al. (2015) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 Tan et al. (2025) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Li et al., 2019). \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Song et al. (2024) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (2020) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0634 (2021) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Jung et al. (2017) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 (2020) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Holzer et al. (2024) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 1447\/1448\u0647\u0640. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (SEM) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Parental Support)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Ruholt et al., 2015).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (Self-Control)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Academic Self-Efficacy)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2020\u061b Bandura, 1997).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 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(2015) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a DeFauw et al. (2018) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000, 2017) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b (Bavik et al., 2020). \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (Davis et al., 2020; Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a Acharya and Joshi (2011) \u0648Kim (2014) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 Muraven and Baumeister (2000) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Moffitt et al. (2011) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f 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\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (Bandura, 1997). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f Zimmerman (2000) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Talsma et al. (2019) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (83,486) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (452) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 (Hair et al., 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 (1)\u060c (2)\u060c (3).<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>0.72<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>4.21<\/td>\n<td>0.85<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>4.24<\/td>\n<td>0.86<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.78<\/td>\n<td>0.76<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>4.03<\/td>\n<td>0.72<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (4.03). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (3.78\u20134.24)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (4.24)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (4.21)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (3.90)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (3.78). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/h1>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/td>\n<td>3.98<\/td>\n<td>0.57<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>3.29<\/td>\n<td>0.64<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.66<\/td>\n<td>0.53<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.98<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.73<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (3.73). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (3.29\u20133.98)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.98)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (3.98)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (3.66)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.29) \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>3.98<\/td>\n<td>0.52<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.89<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.97<\/td>\n<td>0.52<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.95<\/td>\n<td>0.44<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (3.95). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (3.89\u20133.98)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.98)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (3.97)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (3.89)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a 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(2015) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 DeFauw et al. (2018) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Tan et al. (2025) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646Moffitt et al. (2011) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (2020) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0634 (2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 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\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 (Bandura, 1997, 2001) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 Zimmerman (2000) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a 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justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4).<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h1>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\">(\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.28<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.25<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.26<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.17<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.33<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.22<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.18<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.20<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.12<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.25<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>0.28<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.20<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.24<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.17<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.30<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.38<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.33<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.33<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.30<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.46<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.32<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.26<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.28<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.21<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.36<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: ** \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.01).<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (0.36**). \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Li et al. (2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Song et al. (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (2020)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0634 (2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5).<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h1>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"5\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.28<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.22<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.21<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.28<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.23<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.23<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.18<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.26<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>0.26<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.25<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.22<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.29<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.32<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.34<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.21<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.34<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.30<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.29<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.23<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.32<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: ** \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.01).<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (0.32**). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 (Bandura, 1997)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Kim (2014) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Acharya and Joshi (2011) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Ruholt et al. (2015) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6).<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h1>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"5\">(\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">(\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/td>\n<td>0.38<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.41<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.39<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.47<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.27<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.28<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.25<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.32<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.39<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.33<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.38<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.43<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.35<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.26<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.24<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.34<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.47<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.43<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.43<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>0.53<sup>**<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: ** \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.01).<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (0.53**)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Jung et al. (2017) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 (2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 (1997)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: <\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (SEM) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 (7) \u0648(8) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1).<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7): \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d<\/h1>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5<\/td>\n<td>2.16<\/td>\n<td>\u03c7\u00b2\/df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 0.90<\/td>\n<td>0.953<\/td>\n<td>CFI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 0.90<\/td>\n<td>0.947<\/td>\n<td>TLI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u2264 0.08<\/td>\n<td>0.049<\/td>\n<td>RMSEA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u2264 0.08<\/td>\n<td>0.041<\/td>\n<td>SRMR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 0.90<\/td>\n<td>0.931<\/td>\n<td>GFI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a (\u03c7\u00b2\/df = 2.16)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 CFI \u0648TLI \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 RMSEA \u0648SRMR \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/h1>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u03b2<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 Sig<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.57<\/td>\n<td>9.84<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.49<\/td>\n<td>8.11<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>0.31<\/td>\n<td>4.92<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>0.28<\/td>\n<td>5.76<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.59<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u03b2 = 0.57, p = 0.001)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u03b2 = 0.49, p = 0.001). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u03b2 = 0.31, p = 0.001)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u03b2 = 0.28, p = 0.001). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c.<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1774\" height=\"887\" class=\"wp-image-17107\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom.png\" alt=\"A diagram with text and numbers\n\nDescription automatically generated with medium confidence\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom.png 1774w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom-820x410.png 820w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/a-diagram-with-text-and-numbers-description-autom-880x440.png 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1774px) 100vw, 1774px\" \/><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u00a0<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 28(3).\u200f<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642. (2020). <em>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 &#8220;GRIT&#8221;<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 1-178.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628. (2021). \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646.<em> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c (6).29<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0653\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. (2014). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0654\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0654\u0631\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 1-108.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Acharya, N., &amp; Joshi, S. (2011). Achievement motivation and parental support to adolescents.\u00a0<em>Journal of the Indian Academy of applied psychology<\/em>,\u00a0<em>37<\/em>(1), 132-139.\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Artino, A. R. (2012). Academic Self-efficacy: from Educatioal Theory to Instructional Practice. Perspectives on Medical Education, pp. 1(2), 76-85.(1), 22-29<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy. In V.S.RAMACHANDRAN (Ed), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior. <em>New York Academic Press<\/em>, pp. 71-78.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of Human Agency Through Collective Efficacy. <em>Current Directions in Psychological Science<\/em>, pp. 75-78.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An genetic perceptive. <em>Annual Review of Psychology<\/em>, pp. 1-26.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bandura, A. (2012). On the Functional Properties of Perceived Self-Efficacy Revisited. <em>Journal of Management<\/em>, pp. 38(1), 9-44.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bavik, Y. L., Shaw, J. D., &amp; Wang, X.-H. (2020). Social support: Multidisciplinary review, synthesis, and future agenda. Academy of Management Annals, 14(2), 726\u2013758. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/annals.2016.0148\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/annals.2016.0148<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deci, E. L., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2000). The \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhy\u201d of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. <em>Psychological Inquiry, 11<\/em>(4), 227\u2013268.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">DeFauw, C., Levering, K., Msipa, R. T., &amp; Abraham, S. (2018). Families\u2019 support and influence on college students\u2019 educational performance.\u00a0<em>Journal of Education and Development<\/em>,\u00a0<em>2<\/em>(1), 11.\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., &amp; Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Holzer, J., Korlat, S., Pelikan, E., Schober, B., Spiel, C., &amp; L\u00fcftenegger, M. (2024). The role of parental self-efficacy regarding parental support for early adolescents\u2019 coping, self-regulated learning, learning self-efficacy and positive emotions.\u00a0<em>The Journal of Early Adolescence<\/em>,\u00a0<em>44<\/em>(2), 171-197.\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jung, K. R., Zhou, A. Q., &amp; Lee, R. M. (2017). Self-efficacy, self-discipline and academic performance: Testing a context-specific mediation model.\u00a0<em>Learning and Individual differences<\/em>,\u00a0<em>60<\/em>, 33-39.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kim, M. (2014, Sep 5). Family Background, Students\u2019 Academic Self-Efficacy, and Students\u2019 Career and Life Success Expectations. Int J Adv Counselling, pp. 395\u2013 407.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Li, J.-B., Willems, Y. E., Stok, F. M., Dekovic, M., Bartels, M., &amp; Finkenauer, C. (2019, Sep 6). Parenting and Self-Control Across Early to Late Adolescence: A Three- Level Meta-Analysis. <em>Sage Journals<\/em>, pp. 967-1005.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., &#8230; &amp; Caspi, A. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety.\u00a0<em>Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences<\/em>,\u00a0<em>108<\/em>(7), 2693-2698.\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muraven, M., &amp; Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and Limited Resources:Does Self-control Resemble a Musle? <em>Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, pp. 247-259.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0119cka, E., Wujcik, R., Orzechowski, J., Gruszka-Gosiewska, A., Janik, B., Nowak, M., &amp; W\u00f3jcik, N. (2016). NAS-50 and NAS-40: New scales for the assessment of self-control.\u00a0<em>Polish Psychological Bulletin<\/em>,\u00a0<em>47<\/em>(3).\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nilsen, F. A., Bang, H., Boe, O., Martinsen, \u00d8. L., Lang-Ree, O. C., &amp; R\u00f8ysamb, E. (2020). The Multidimensional Self-Control Scale (MSCS): Development and validation.\u00a0<em>Psychological Assessment<\/em>,\u00a0<em>32<\/em>(11), 1057.\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ruholt, R. E., Gore, J., &amp; Dukes, K. (2015). Is Parental Support or Parental Involvement More Important for Adolescents? <em>Journal of Psychology<\/em>, pp. 28(1), 1-8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ryan, R. M., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2017). <em>Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness<\/em>. Guilford Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ryan, R. M., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theoryperspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. <em>Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61<\/em>, 101860. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101860\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101860<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Song, L., Zhan, Q., Cao, L., &amp; Luo, R. (2024). Parent autonomy support and undergraduates\u2019 academic engagement in online learning: the mediate role of self-regulation.\u00a0<em>Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica<\/em>,\u00a0<em>37<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Talsma, K., Schuz, B., &amp; Norris, K. (2019). Miscalibration of self-efficacy and academic performance: Self-efficacy, self-fulfilling prophecy&#8217;. <em>Learning and Individual Differences<\/em>, pp. 69.182-195.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tan, C. Y., Cheung, H. S., &amp; Lee, S. M. S. (2025). Parental involvement, parenting styles, and children\u2019s academic outcomes: a second-order, three-level meta-analysis.\u00a0<em>Review of Educational Research<\/em>, 00346543251346792.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., &amp; Boon, A. L. (2004). High Self-control Prediets Good Adjustment Less Pathology Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success. <em>Journal of Personality<\/em>, pp. 72(2), 271-324.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. <em>Contemporary Educational Psychology<\/em>, pp. 25(1), 82-91<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c 2014). \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16979","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16979"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16979\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17127,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16979\/revisions\/17127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}