{"id":16972,"date":"2026-06-01T02:23:57","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-43\/"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:23:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:57","slug":"7-6-43","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-6-43\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 43"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: left; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan<\/h3><h4 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/h4><p style='text-align: left; font-weight:bold;'>Khadija Hassan Mohamed Hassan<sup>1<\/sup>, Abdal La Eissa Abdelkarim\u00b2, Khaled Abdelrazik Ahmed\u00b3<\/p><div style='direction: ltr; text-align: left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p>\u00b9 M.Sc. Candidate, Faculty of Engineering, Red Sea University, Sudan.<\/p><p>\u00b2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Red Sea University, Sudan.<\/p><p>\u00b3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Red Sea University, Sudan.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/43' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/43<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Arabic Scientific Research Identifier:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/43' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/43<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Volume (7) Issue (6). Pages:<\/strong> 732 - 744<\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Received at:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>Accepted at:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>Published at:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-43.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_88199'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Khadija Hassan Mohamed Hassan\u00b9, Abdal La Eissa Abdelkarim\u00b2, Khaled Abdelrazik Ahmed\u00b3&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;Khadija Hassan Mohamed Hassan, Abdal La Eissa Abdelkarim\u00b2, Khaled Abdelrazik Ahmed\u00b3&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-43\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-06-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M., Abdelkarim A. E., Ahmed K. A.. (2026). Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Hassan Khadija Hassan Mohamed, Abdelkarim Abdal La Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. 2026. \\&quot;Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M., Abdelkarim A. E., Ahmed K. A.. 2026. Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-01]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-43\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M., Abdelkarim A. E., Ahmed K. A.. Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M., Abdelkarim A. E., Ahmed K. A., \\&quot;Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Hassan Khadija Hassan Mohamed, Abdelkarim Abdal La Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. \\&quot;Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health Practices in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of Port Sudan, Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M, Abdelkarim A. E, Ahmed K. A. (2026). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Hassan Khadija Hassan Mohamed, Abdelkarim Abdal La Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. 2026. \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M, Abdelkarim A. E, Ahmed K. A. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-06-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-06-01]. 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-43\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M, Abdelkarim A. E, Ahmed K. A. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-06-01\u061b 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Hassan K. H. M, Abdelkarim A. E, Ahmed K. A. \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 6\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Hassan Khadija Hassan Mohamed, Abdelkarim Abdal La Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 6\u060c 2026-06-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/43&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Background: The construction industry in low- and middle-income countries faces persistent occupational safety challenges due to weak regulatory frameworks, resource constraints, and limited safety culture. This study evaluates Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices in Port Sudan, Sudan, using an integrated Likert scale quantitative analysis and SWOT strategic assessment framework.\r\nMethods: A structured 100-item questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was administered to 312 construction stakeholders. Data were analyzed using: (1) Descriptive statistics and Weighted Average Index (WAI) for compliance measurement; (2) Relative Importance Index (RII) for factor prioritization; (3) Cronbach's alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis for instrument validation; (4) One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation for group comparisons and relationships; and (5) Quantitative SWOT analysis with Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) matrix for strategic recommendations.\r\nResults: Overall OSH compliance scored moderate-low (WAI = 2.74\/5.00; 54.8%). Highest compliance was observed in Training & Competency (WAI = 3.12), while lowest scores occurred in Incident Reporting (WAI = 2.44) and PPE Infrastructure (WAI = 2.59). RII identified \"management commitment\" (RII = 0.89) and \"safety audit frequency\" (RII = 0.86) as most critical success factors. ANOVA revealed significant perceptual gaps between management and frontline workers (F = 11.24, p < 0.001). SWOT analysis identified 12 strengths, 18 weaknesses, 9 opportunities, and 14 threats, with strategic positioning in the \"Conservative\" quadrant of the SPACE matrix, recommending defensive-improvement strategies.\r\nConclusions: The integrated Likert-SWOT framework provides a practical, replicable methodology for OSH evaluation in resource-constrained settings. Findings underscore the need for leadership-driven safety culture enhancement, targeted training investment, and systematic incident reporting mechanisms. Strategic recommendations align with ISO 45001 and support evidence-based policy formulation for Sudan's construction sector.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:left; direction:ltr;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Occupational Safety and Health; Construction Industry; Likert Scale Analysis; SWOT Analysis; Weighted Average Index; Relative Importance Index; Port Sudan; Strategic Management; Safety Climate.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SWOT.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 312 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645: (1) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u061b (2) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b (3) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u061b (4) \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648(5) \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SWOT \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 SPACE \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c: \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d 2.74 \u0645\u0646 5.00\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 54.8%. \u0648\u0633\u064f\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0644\u063a 3.12\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0644\u063a 2.44\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0644\u063a 2.59. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 0.89 \u0648\u00ab\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 0.86 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F = 11.24 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 p < 0.001. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SWOT \u0639\u062f\u062f 12 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u064818 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u06489 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u064814 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 SPACE\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SWOT \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 45001\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SWOT\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16972","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16972\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}