{"id":16970,"date":"2026-06-01T02:23:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-41\/"},"modified":"2026-06-06T18:08:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T18:08:03","slug":"7-6-41","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-6-41\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 41"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u0645)<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: tayebmo2020@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The mediating Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation (Case study of Human Resources Departments in Blue Nile Region \u2013 2026)<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Al-Tayeb Mohamed Ismail Mohamed\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Blue Nile University, Sudan.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> tayebmo2020@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/41' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/41<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/41' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/41<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 682 - 712<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-41.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M. I.. (2026). The mediating Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation (Case study of Human Resources Departments in Blue Nile Region \u2013 2026). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Mohamed Al-Tayeb Mohamed Ismail. 2026. \\&quot;The mediating Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation (Case study of Human Resources Departments in Blue Nile Region \u2013 2026).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Mohamed T. M. I.. 2026. The mediating Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation (Case study of Human Resources Departments in Blue Nile Region \u2013 2026). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-21]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-41\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Mohamed T. M. I.. The mediating Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation (Case study of Human Resources Departments in Blue Nile Region \u2013 2026). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Mohamed T. M. I., \\&quot;The mediating Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation (Case study of Human Resources Departments in Blue Nile Region \u2013 2026),\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Mohamed Al-Tayeb Mohamed Ismail. \\&quot;The mediating Role of Knowledge Management Processes in Relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation (Case study of Human Resources Departments in Blue Nile Region \u2013 2026).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637. \u0645. \u0625. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u0645). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u0645)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637. \u0645. \u0625. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u0645). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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<\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648:  \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 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\u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> Abstract: This study aimed to identify the relationship between Modern Human Resources Management Practices and Administrative Innovation, while the main research question was: Do modern human resources management practices affects on administrative innovation?. The descriptive analytical approach was used. The population consisted of the employees of Ministry of Finance and Economy. A questionnaire was designed and (105) distributed to leadership levels of employees in the human resources departments of units affiliated with the Ministry of Finance in the Blue Nile Region during the year 2026. (94) questionnaires were returned with respond rate of 88%, using simple random sample. The results revealed that modern human resources management practices do not affect administrative innovation, with a partial mediation of knowledge management processes in this relationship. The study recommended pay high attention to modern human resources management practices professionally due to their leading role in directly achieving organizational goals.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Modern human resources management practices, Knowledge management processes, Administrative Innovation.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a 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\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 Knowledge Base Theory of Firm (KBTF) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 (Persose) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a (Yak, et al, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (Altyah, &amp; Turki, 2024, p. 5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Satia, et al, 2023, p.5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f (Bakti, 2022, p. 8602).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628. \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 (Venish, 2014) \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 (Al haraisa, 2016, p.186).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 13).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 (Rustiana, et al, 2025, p. 2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 (Harman &amp; Brelade, 2007) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (Nurali, and Krishna kumar, 2013, p. 33).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 207).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c 2026\u060c \u0635 7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635 35).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Camarena &amp; Fenande, 2025, p. 2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025\u060c \u0635 169):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628. \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c. \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0640. \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 49).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635 5). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642. \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a (Takarski, et al, 2015, p. 195).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(1) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Khan, et al 2018): <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a (Vehary city \u2013 Mailsi and Burewala)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 (28) \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"873\" height=\"329\" class=\"wp-image-17096\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-1.png 873w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-1-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-1-768x289.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-1-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 873px) 100vw, 873px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 2026\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1- \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2- \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0649 (Likart Scale)\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0647 (5) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0647 (1) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0644\u0627\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627&#8221;<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u064680 % \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 70 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 80%<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>50 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 70%<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50 %<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20%<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2026\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (5+4+3+2+1)\/ 5.=(15\/5) =3) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a (3) \u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f(105) \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a(94) \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f(11) \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a(88%) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td><strong>105<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td><strong>94<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>5.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211; <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>6.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td><strong>94<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>7.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td><strong>88%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Frequency<\/td>\n<td>Percent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>9.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 30 \u0627\u0644\u064a 41 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<td>35.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 41 \u0627\u0644\u064a 51 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>29.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 51 \u0627\u0644\u064a 60 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>18.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 61 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>6.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total<\/td>\n<td>93<\/td>\n<td>98.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>67.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>33.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total<\/td>\n<td>94<\/td>\n<td>100.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c<\/td>\n<td>73<\/td>\n<td>77.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0628<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>21.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total<\/td>\n<td>93<\/td>\n<td>98.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>System<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>12.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td>61<\/td>\n<td>64.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>21.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total<\/td>\n<td>93<\/td>\n<td>98.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>System<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>34.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>20.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>13.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>31.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>6.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 5 \u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>12.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 10 \u0627\u0644\u064a 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>22.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>55<\/td>\n<td>58.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total<\/td>\n<td>94<\/td>\n<td>100.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646, 2003). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (SPSS) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4-2) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 32\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644(4) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 )<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\"><strong>Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>.725<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"><strong>Bartlett&#8217;s Test of Sphericity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\"><strong>Approx. Chi-Square<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>1151.858<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\"><strong>Df<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>496<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\"><strong>Sig.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06311<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.584<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06312<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.668<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06313<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.752<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06314<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.509<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06315<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.686<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06316<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.744<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06281<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>.873<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06282<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>.820<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06283<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>.714<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06284<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>.573<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06291<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.578<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06292<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.757<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06293<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.886<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06294<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.568<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06295<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.571<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.847<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.573<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.582<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.674<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.827<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06311<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.748<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06312<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.613<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06313<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.512<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06314<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.821<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06315<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.715<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06291<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0.584<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06292<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>.548<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06293<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00a0.784<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06291<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.714<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06292<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>.511<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06293<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0.820<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06294<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>.719<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2026)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 KMO \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (0.725) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (Kaiser, 1974) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 KMO \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 (0.5) \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 KMO \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 Eigen Value \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (1) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a: Confirmatory Factor Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (AMOS) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"1100\" class=\"wp-image-17097\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-2.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-2-232x300.png 232w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-2-791x1024.png 791w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-2-768x994.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-2-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Measure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Estimate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Interpretation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN<\/td>\n<td>10.266<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DF<\/td>\n<td>4.000<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN\/DF<\/td>\n<td>2.567<\/td>\n<td>Between 1 and 3<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CFI<\/td>\n<td>0.982<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.95<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SRMR<\/td>\n<td>0.037<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.08<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RMSEA<\/td>\n<td>0.099<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.06<\/td>\n<td>Terrible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PClose<\/td>\n<td>0.114<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.05<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629) \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 , 2019)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 ( 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d (Hair et al, 2010)\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.70 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 (CR) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (MSV, MaxR(H),AVE) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (6) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a .<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>CR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>AVE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>MSV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>MaxR(H)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.652<\/td>\n<td>0.274<\/td>\n<td>0.647<\/td>\n<td>0.657<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.524<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.604<\/td>\n<td>0.234<\/td>\n<td>0.757<\/td>\n<td>0.684<\/td>\n<td>0.346\u2020<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.484<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.422<\/td>\n<td>0.246<\/td>\n<td>0.965<\/td>\n<td>0.541<\/td>\n<td>0.057<\/td>\n<td>0.870<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.496<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.519<\/td>\n<td>0.250<\/td>\n<td>0.820<\/td>\n<td>0.663<\/td>\n<td>-0.274<\/td>\n<td>-0.805<\/td>\n<td>-0.792<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.500<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.604<\/td>\n<td>0.264<\/td>\n<td>0.647<\/td>\n<td>0.692<\/td>\n<td>0.804**<\/td>\n<td>0.368*<\/td>\n<td>0.155<\/td>\n<td>-0.380<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.514<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.751<\/td>\n<td>0.507<\/td>\n<td>0.843<\/td>\n<td>0.789<\/td>\n<td>0.484*<\/td>\n<td>0.755**<\/td>\n<td>0.821<\/td>\n<td>-0.906<\/td>\n<td>0.395*<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.712<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.819<\/td>\n<td>0.533<\/td>\n<td>0.965<\/td>\n<td>0.838<\/td>\n<td>0.346*<\/td>\n<td>0.746***<\/td>\n<td>0.983<\/td>\n<td>-0.892<\/td>\n<td>0.359*<\/td>\n<td>0.918***<\/td>\n<td><strong>0.730<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Significance of Correlations: \u2020p &lt; 0.100 * p &lt; 0.050 ** p &lt; 0.010 *** p &lt; 0.00<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (CR) \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 (Hair et 2010) \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.70. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 0.5.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (3) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a (3) , \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>Mean<\/td>\n<td>Std. Deviation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06311<\/td>\n<td>3.66<\/td>\n<td>1.348<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06312<\/td>\n<td>4.53<\/td>\n<td>.799<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06313<\/td>\n<td>3.66<\/td>\n<td>1.053<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06314<\/td>\n<td>3.72<\/td>\n<td>1.290<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06315<\/td>\n<td>3.68<\/td>\n<td>1.128<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u06316<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>1.149<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.82<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.1278<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06281<\/td>\n<td>4.48<\/td>\n<td>.924<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06282<\/td>\n<td>3.00<\/td>\n<td>1.295<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06283<\/td>\n<td>3.69<\/td>\n<td>1.245<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u06284<\/td>\n<td>4.27<\/td>\n<td>.975<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.86<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.109<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06291<\/td>\n<td>3.60<\/td>\n<td>1.247<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06292<\/td>\n<td>2.68<\/td>\n<td>1.263<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06293<\/td>\n<td>3.62<\/td>\n<td>1.210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06294<\/td>\n<td>2.91<\/td>\n<td>1.179<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u06295<\/td>\n<td>3.20<\/td>\n<td>1.380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.202<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.255<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a1<\/td>\n<td>4.03<\/td>\n<td>.955<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a2<\/td>\n<td>4.18<\/td>\n<td>.915<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a3<\/td>\n<td>4.11<\/td>\n<td>.848<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a4<\/td>\n<td>3.64<\/td>\n<td>1.226<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a5<\/td>\n<td>4.07<\/td>\n<td>1.080<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4.006<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.004<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06311<\/td>\n<td>4.19<\/td>\n<td>.846<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06312<\/td>\n<td>4.20<\/td>\n<td>.887<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06313<\/td>\n<td>3.56<\/td>\n<td>1.141<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06314<\/td>\n<td>3.13<\/td>\n<td>1.338<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u06315<\/td>\n<td>3.91<\/td>\n<td>1.074<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.798<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.057<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06291<\/td>\n<td>3.53<\/td>\n<td>1.250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06292<\/td>\n<td>3.37<\/td>\n<td>1.278<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06293<\/td>\n<td>3.10<\/td>\n<td>1.228<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.333<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.252<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06291<\/td>\n<td>3.13<\/td>\n<td>1.378<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06292<\/td>\n<td>3.51<\/td>\n<td>1.251<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06293<\/td>\n<td>3.52<\/td>\n<td>1.225<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06294<\/td>\n<td>3.28<\/td>\n<td>1.394<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.36<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.312<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1\/ \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a (3) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (3.46) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.73) \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (69.2)% .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2\/ \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f (<strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong>) \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 (<strong>4.006<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (<strong>1.004<\/strong>) \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (80)%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3\/ \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f (<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 (<strong>3.202<\/strong>) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (<strong>1.255<\/strong>) \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (64)%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (Person Correlation):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (0.30) \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.30 \u2013 0.70 ) \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.70) \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8)<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>Estimate<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.870<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.805<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>.368<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.346<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.755<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.746<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.792<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>.155<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.057<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.821<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.983<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>-.380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>-.274<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.906<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.892<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.804<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.395<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.359<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.484<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.346<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8211;&gt;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.918<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Structural Equation Modeling [SEM]\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 Path Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a (Barbara G. Tabachnick and Linda S. Fidell, 1996)\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060cThe Modeling of Interactions \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 Nonlinearities \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c Multicollinearity \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 ((Jeonghoon ,2002.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-17098\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-3.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-3-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-3-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-3-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Measure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Estimate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Interpretation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN<\/td>\n<td>53.754<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DF<\/td>\n<td>25.000<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN\/DF<\/td>\n<td>2.150<\/td>\n<td>Between 1 and 3<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CFI<\/td>\n<td>0.949<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.95<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SRMR<\/td>\n<td>0.063<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.08<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RMSEA<\/td>\n<td>0.085<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.06<\/td>\n<td>Terrible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pclose<\/td>\n<td>0.036<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.05<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10) \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>Estimate<\/th>\n<th>S.E.<\/th>\n<th>C.R.<\/th>\n<th>P<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.064<\/td>\n<td>.478<\/td>\n<td>-.134<\/td>\n<td><strong>.894<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.349<\/td>\n<td>.567<\/td>\n<td>-.617<\/td>\n<td><strong>.537<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.208<\/td>\n<td>.117<\/td>\n<td>1.774<\/td>\n<td><strong>.076<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.228<\/td>\n<td>.139<\/td>\n<td>1.639<\/td>\n<td><strong>.101<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10) \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 = ((\u2212.064 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 .894\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a = (\u2212.349) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 .0537\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 = .208)) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 .076\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a = .228)) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 .101<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-17099\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-4.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-4-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-4-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-4-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-4-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Measure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Estimate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Interpretation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN<\/td>\n<td>65.136<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DF<\/td>\n<td>31.000<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN\/DF<\/td>\n<td>2.101<\/td>\n<td>Between 1 and 3<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CFI<\/td>\n<td>0.954<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.95<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SRMR<\/td>\n<td>0.048<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.08<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RMSEA<\/td>\n<td>0.083<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.06<\/td>\n<td>Terrible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PClose<\/td>\n<td>0.030<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.05<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12) \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>Estimate<\/th>\n<th>S.E.<\/th>\n<th>C.R.<\/th>\n<th>P<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-7.122<\/td>\n<td>.413<\/td>\n<td>-17.257<\/td>\n<td><strong>***<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-4.187<\/td>\n<td>.258<\/td>\n<td>-16.249<\/td>\n<td><strong>***<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>-.323<\/td>\n<td>.101<\/td>\n<td>-3.189<\/td>\n<td><strong>.001<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>-.110<\/td>\n<td>.063<\/td>\n<td>-1.743<\/td>\n<td><strong>.081<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 = (\u22127.122) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 = (\u22124.148) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 = (\u2212.323) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (.001)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 = (\u2212.110) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (.081).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-17100\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-5.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-5-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-5-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-5-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-5-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (13) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Measure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Estimate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Interpretation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN<\/td>\n<td>48.565<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DF<\/td>\n<td>24.000<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN\/DF<\/td>\n<td>2.024<\/td>\n<td>Between 1 and 3<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CFI<\/td>\n<td>0.945<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.95<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SRMR<\/td>\n<td>0.062<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.08<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RMSEA<\/td>\n<td>0.080<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.06<\/td>\n<td>Terrible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PClose<\/td>\n<td>0.065<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.05<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (14) \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>Estimate<\/th>\n<th>S.E.<\/th>\n<th>C.R.<\/th>\n<th>P<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.470<\/td>\n<td>.109<\/td>\n<td>-4.320<\/td>\n<td><strong>***<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-.244<\/td>\n<td>.147<\/td>\n<td>-1.660<\/td>\n<td><strong>.097<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1.009<\/td>\n<td>.172<\/td>\n<td>5.879<\/td>\n<td><strong>***<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.705<\/td>\n<td>.232<\/td>\n<td>3.038<\/td>\n<td><strong>.002<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (14) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 = (\u2212.470) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a = (\u2212.244) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (.097)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 = (1.009) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a = (.705) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.002).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-17101\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-6.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-6-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-6-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-6-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-6-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (15) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Measure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Estimate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Interpretation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN<\/td>\n<td>133.495<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DF<\/td>\n<td>71.000<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN\/DF<\/td>\n<td>1.880<\/td>\n<td>Between 1 and 3<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CFI<\/td>\n<td>0.937<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.95<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SRMR<\/td>\n<td>0.057<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.08<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RMSEA<\/td>\n<td>0.074<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.06<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PClose<\/td>\n<td>0.023<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.05<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (16) \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>Estimate<\/th>\n<th>S.E.<\/th>\n<th>C.R.<\/th>\n<th>P<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-7.122<\/td>\n<td>.413<\/td>\n<td>-17.257<\/td>\n<td>***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>-.323<\/td>\n<td>.101<\/td>\n<td>-3.189<\/td>\n<td>.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.273<\/td>\n<td>.940<\/td>\n<td>2.417<\/td>\n<td>.016<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.607<\/td>\n<td>1.156<\/td>\n<td>.525<\/td>\n<td>.599<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.314<\/td>\n<td>.118<\/td>\n<td>2.650<\/td>\n<td>.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.271<\/td>\n<td>.146<\/td>\n<td>1.861<\/td>\n<td>.063<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.328<\/td>\n<td>.115<\/td>\n<td>2.846<\/td>\n<td>.004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.134<\/td>\n<td>.142<\/td>\n<td>.948<\/td>\n<td>.343<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (17) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>-.043<\/td>\n<td>-.957<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>-.106<\/td>\n<td>-2.336<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 <\/strong>\u0643\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a <\/strong>\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Sobel\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(<a href=\"http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm\">http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm<\/a>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"703\" height=\"286\" class=\"wp-image-17102\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-7.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-7.jpeg 703w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-7-300x122.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-7-18x7.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: Sa\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: Sb\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Sobel \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (<a href=\"http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm\">http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm<\/a>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"380\" class=\"wp-image-17103\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-8.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-8.jpeg 580w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-8-300x197.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-8-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (18)<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&#8230;<\/td>\n<td>&#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>.277<\/td>\n<td>.336<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.008<\/td>\n<td><strong>.011<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-17104\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-9.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-9.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-9-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-9-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-9-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-9-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (19) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Measure<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Estimate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Threshold<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Interpretation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN<\/td>\n<td>133.495<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DF<\/td>\n<td>71.000<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CMIN\/DF<\/td>\n<td>1.880<\/td>\n<td>Between 1 and 3<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CFI<\/td>\n<td>0.937<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.95<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SRMR<\/td>\n<td>0.057<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.08<\/td>\n<td>Excellent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RMSEA<\/td>\n<td>0.074<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.06<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pclose<\/td>\n<td>0.023<\/td>\n<td>&gt;0.05<\/td>\n<td>Acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (20) \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>Estimate<\/th>\n<th>S.E.<\/th>\n<th>C.R.<\/th>\n<th>P<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>-4.187<\/td>\n<td>.258<\/td>\n<td>-16.249<\/td>\n<td>***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>-.110<\/td>\n<td>.063<\/td>\n<td>-1.743<\/td>\n<td>.081<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>5.303<\/td>\n<td>.678<\/td>\n<td>7.823<\/td>\n<td>***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.369<\/td>\n<td>1.061<\/td>\n<td>2.234<\/td>\n<td>.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.349<\/td>\n<td>.086<\/td>\n<td>4.051<\/td>\n<td>***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>.299<\/td>\n<td>.135<\/td>\n<td>2.218<\/td>\n<td>.027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1.282<\/td>\n<td>.139<\/td>\n<td>9.206<\/td>\n<td>***<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>&lt;&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.649<\/td>\n<td>.218<\/td>\n<td>2.981<\/td>\n<td>.003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (21) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>-.072<\/td>\n<td>-2.718<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>-.141<\/td>\n<td>-5.366<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 <\/strong>\u0643\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a <\/strong>\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Sobel\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (<a href=\"http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm\">http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm<\/a>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"703\" height=\"286\" class=\"wp-image-17105\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-10.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-10.jpeg 703w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-10-300x122.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-10-18x7.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: Sa\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: Sb\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Sobel \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (<a href=\"http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm\">http:\/\/quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm<\/a>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"380\" class=\"wp-image-17106\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-11.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-11.jpeg 580w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-11-300x197.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16970-11-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (22)<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&#8230;<\/td>\n<td>&#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td><strong>.059<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.005<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td><strong>.092<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>.001<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/strong> \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c2023) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c2017) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 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\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4- \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062a\u060c 5(2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amhani, Najwa Ramadan. (2022). The mediating role of knowledge management in the relationship between organizational variables and administrative creativity. Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Economics, University of Sirte, 5(2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. (2025). \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 6(72).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Buhniyah, Maher bin Saleh. (2025). Human resource management practices and their impact on achieving institutional excellence. International Journal for Research and Studies Publishing, 6(72).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629. (2017). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bourouba, Sarah. (2017). The impact of administrative creativity on human resource performance. Master\u2019s thesis, Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences, Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2025). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 6(51).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tawfiq, Ziman Mohammed, et al. (2025). The role of digital human resource management in achieving administrative creativity. Journal of Entrepreneurship for Finance and Business, 6(51).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647. (2021). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sayani, Qasim Majid Abduh. (2021). The impact of knowledge management processes on organizational creativity. Rayhan Journal for Scientific Publishing, Fikr Center for Studies and Development, Issue (7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639. (2026). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shammari, Muflih Marfou. (2026). The role of knowledge management processes in enhancing human resource capabilities. Mid-Ocean Journal for Research and Studies, 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0649. (2019). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sarem, Nada. (2019). The role of knowledge management in achieving administrative creativity. Master\u2019s thesis, Syrian Virtual University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 4(47).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asiri, Fahd Obaid. (2023). The impact of human resource management practices on administrative creativity and innovation within organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal for Research and Studies Publishing, 4(47).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Qasim, Yaqoub, &amp; Mohammed. (2022). Human resource management practices and their impact on achieving institutional excellence. Master\u2019s thesis, Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Haraisa, Y. (2016). The impact of human resource management practices on innovation performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 6(4).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Atiyah, &amp; Turki. (2024). The impact of digital human resources management on organizational ambidexterity through human capital as an interactive variable in Iraqi telecommunication companies. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(7).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bacti, et al. (2022). The influence of human resource management practices on organizational innovation: Mediated by knowledge management. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(8).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Camarna, &amp; Fernandez. (2025). The impact of innovation management and human resources leadership: A systematic review based on the PRISMA model. IBIMA Business Review, 225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5171<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Imran, Khan, et al. (2018). The impact of human resource management practices on innovation ability of employees moderated by organizational culture. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lee, C., et al. (2017). Impact of human resource management innovation on productivity and effectiveness in medium-sized non-profit organizations. Global Journal of Management and Marketing, 1(1).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liver, T., Takarski, et al. (2015). Change management and the human factor. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Murali, &amp; Krishnakumar. (2013). Knowledge management and human resource management: Importance of integration. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 2(1).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rustian, E., et al. (2025). Innovation and knowledge management for human resource development. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 3(4).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Satia, Haji, et al. (2023). Investigating the effect of digital human resource management and digital innovation on SMEs performance in Indonesia. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yak, et al. (2023). The effect of human resource management practices on open innovation. Dergisi, 6(2).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16970","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16970"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17118,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16970\/revisions\/17118"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}