{"id":16968,"date":"2026-06-01T02:23:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-39\/"},"modified":"2026-06-06T17:49:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T17:49:55","slug":"7-6-39","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-6-39\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 39"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645.\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Aman.habib7676@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Preparatory Resilience among University Students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Ass. Lect. Amna Habib Abdul Ali<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> General Directorate of Education in Wasit, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Aman.habib7676@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/39' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/39<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/39' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/39<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 652 - 666<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-39.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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Lect. Amna Habib Abdul Ali&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645.\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Preparatory Resilience among University Students&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-39\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-06-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Ali A. H. A.. (2026). Preparatory Resilience among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Amna Habib Abdul Ali. 2026. \\&quot;Preparatory Resilience among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ali A. H. A.. 2026. Preparatory Resilience among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-21]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-39\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ali A. H. A.. Preparatory Resilience among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ali A. H. A., \\&quot;Preparatory Resilience among University Students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Amna Habib Abdul Ali. \\&quot;Preparatory Resilience among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627. \u062d. \u0639. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627. \u062d. \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> The current research aims to identify the level of preparatory resilience among university students, as it is considered one of the positive psychological variables that helps individuals confront pressures and challenges and adapt to difficult life situations. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach. The research population consisted of students from University of Wasit enrolled in morning studies from both genders and from scientific and humanities specializations during the academic year (2025\u20132026). A stratified random sample of (500) male and female students was selected. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the Adult Resilience Scale developed by Friborg and Martinussen (2003), based on Garmezy\u2019s theory. The scale consisted of (32) items distributed across six dimensions: self-perception, organized personal structure style, social competence, family cohesion, social support resources, and future planning. The psychometric properties of the scale were verified in terms of validity and reliability. The reliability coefficient reached (0.87) using the test\u2013retest method and (0.85) using Cronbach\u2019s Alpha, indicating that the instrument possessed good reliability. The findings revealed that university students demonstrated a high level of preparatory resilience. The arithmetic mean of the sample scores reached (54.334), which exceeded the hypothetical mean of (48), with statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05). The researcher interpreted this result in light of Garmezy\u2019s theory, which emphasizes the importance of protective factors in enhancing individuals\u2019 ability to achieve positive adaptation and cope with pressures and crises. In light of the findings, the researcher recommended the establishment of counseling and educational programs within universities to develop students\u2019 preparatory resilience and strengthen their ability to cope with academic and life challenges.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Preparatory Resilience, University Students, Psychological Adjustment, Psychological Stress, Protective Factors, Mental Health.<\/p><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 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\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 ,\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u064d\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 (Bandura 1999:)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3.1. <strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u064f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 ,\u0648\u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u060c 2007: 41). \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644, \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641, \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a ,\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 (\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629,2009 : 5) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u064b 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\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633, \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 ,\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 Monsell ,1996:140)).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 ,\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u060c\u0647\u0630\u0647 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(\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c2017 :351) \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0629 Seligman &amp; Csikszentmihalyi 2000: 5-14)).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a ,\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631, \u0648\u0639\u064f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f ,\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0627\u0628 (\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u060c2011 :29)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 (273-289 Paterson&amp; Seligman ,2004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646, \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u060c 2005 : 334) \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a(1994\u060cGarmezy) \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a ,\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c 2013: 279).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.1. \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.1. \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 ,\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b) ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u2013\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (2025-2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6.1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (1984 Garmezy et. al ,) \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a(1994 GARMEZY ,): \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0629 GARMEZY, 1994:426))<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211;<\/strong>\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2003 Friborg, et. al ,) : \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0629 (65-76 2003: Friborg ,et. al).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 1.2. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (et. at, 1984 ,(Garmezy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1971 \u2013 1982) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 &#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0630 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0624\u064a\u0646 Garmazey,1985:231)).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2009, Mclaughlin, et. al) \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 &#8221; \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 (1984, Garmey Masten &amp; Tallegen) \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 : (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a &#8211; \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a &#8211; \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a :- \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 Richardson ,1990 :61 -75))<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627- \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a :- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 &#8211; \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a:- \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641,(355-356: 2009 Mclaughlin, et. al).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a, \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627, (Seligman &amp; Csikszentmihalyi ,2000 : 5-14).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0632 &#8221; (Morales ,2010 (\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 : \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0648 (\u0647\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 :\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong> \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 -\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (2021-2022)\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (13750) (\u04ff)\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>\ud83d\udfb2<\/sup> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 1<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 2<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 3<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 4<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 5<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 6<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0630<\/td>\n<td>\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0630<\/td>\n<td>\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0630<\/td>\n<td>\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0630<\/td>\n<td>\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0630<\/td>\n<td>\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0630<\/td>\n<td>\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0630<\/td>\n<td>\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>446<\/td>\n<td>514<\/td>\n<td>252<\/td>\n<td>385<\/td>\n<td>318<\/td>\n<td>331<\/td>\n<td>209<\/td>\n<td>371<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>1225<\/td>\n<td>1601<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>2826<\/td>\n<td>2826<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>314<\/td>\n<td>254<\/td>\n<td>196<\/td>\n<td>246<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>215<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>1111<\/td>\n<td>949<\/td>\n<td>2060<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>2060<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>105<\/td>\n<td>264<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>174<\/td>\n<td>89<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>93<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>410<\/td>\n<td>649<\/td>\n<td>1059<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>1059<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td>96<\/td>\n<td>127<\/td>\n<td>113<\/td>\n<td>179<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>116<\/td>\n<td>98<\/td>\n<td>153<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>407<\/td>\n<td>575<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>982<\/td>\n<td>982<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>92<\/td>\n<td>105<\/td>\n<td>86<\/td>\n<td>113<\/td>\n<td>83<\/td>\n<td>89<\/td>\n<td>107<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>468<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>793<\/td>\n<td>793<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td>94<\/td>\n<td>69<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>51<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>76<\/td>\n<td>82<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>282<\/td>\n<td>285<\/td>\n<td>567<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>567<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>79<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>77<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<td>74<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>43<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>329<\/td>\n<td>392<\/td>\n<td>721<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>721<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>74<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>49<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>70<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<td>51<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>255<\/td>\n<td>225<\/td>\n<td>408<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>408<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>197<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>158<\/td>\n<td>159<\/td>\n<td>317<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>197<\/td>\n<td>206<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>625<\/td>\n<td>772<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>1397<\/td>\n<td>1397<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>97<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>123<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>105<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>39<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>443<\/td>\n<td>151<\/td>\n<td>594<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>594<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\/<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>66<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>116<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>116<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>55<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>49<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>122<\/td>\n<td>301<\/td>\n<td>423<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>423<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>87<\/td>\n<td>122<\/td>\n<td>209<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>209<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>86<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td>77<\/td>\n<td>52<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>147<\/td>\n<td>361<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>508<\/td>\n<td>508<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>188<\/td>\n<td>187<\/td>\n<td>197<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>111<\/td>\n<td>123<\/td>\n<td>234<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>175<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>571<\/td>\n<td>516<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>1087<\/td>\n<td>1087<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>1966<\/td>\n<td>2240<\/td>\n<td>1539<\/td>\n<td>1684<\/td>\n<td>1649<\/td>\n<td>1462<\/td>\n<td>1528<\/td>\n<td>1697<\/td>\n<td>256<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>6505<\/td>\n<td>7417<\/td>\n<td>6157<\/td>\n<td>7593<\/td>\n<td>13750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2- \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 (500) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (203) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648(297) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629, \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (242) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a (258) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644(2) \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0640\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u0640\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td>33<\/td>\n<td>55<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>49<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>91<\/td>\n<td>151<\/td>\n<td>242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">109<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>54<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>146<\/td>\n<td>258<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>203<\/td>\n<td>297<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3- \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629, \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(2003 Friborg &amp;Martinuss ,), \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a GARMEZY, 1984)) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642(2) \u0645\u0646 (32) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a (\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629) ,\u0627\u0630 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0627, \u0628)<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062aStatistical Analysis for Items :<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a Discrimination Power: \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627, \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (32) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (268), \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1.733<\/td>\n<td>0.444<\/td>\n<td>1.289<\/td>\n<td>0.455<\/td>\n<td>8.358<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"32\">1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1.985<\/td>\n<td>0.121<\/td>\n<td>1.770<\/td>\n<td>0.422<\/td>\n<td>5.846<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1.978<\/td>\n<td>0.148<\/td>\n<td>1.455<\/td>\n<td>0.500<\/td>\n<td>11.981<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1.719<\/td>\n<td>0.451<\/td>\n<td>1.304<\/td>\n<td>0.462<\/td>\n<td>7.680<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>1.822<\/td>\n<td>0.384<\/td>\n<td>1.560<\/td>\n<td>0.498<\/td>\n<td>4.989<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>1.948<\/td>\n<td>0.223<\/td>\n<td>1.545<\/td>\n<td>0.500<\/td>\n<td>8.811<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>1.822<\/td>\n<td>0.384<\/td>\n<td>1.493<\/td>\n<td>0.502<\/td>\n<td>6.238<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>1.563<\/td>\n<td>0.498<\/td>\n<td>1.352<\/td>\n<td>0.500<\/td>\n<td>2.824<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>1.770<\/td>\n<td>0.422<\/td>\n<td>1.239<\/td>\n<td>0.428<\/td>\n<td>6.671<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1.904<\/td>\n<td>0.296<\/td>\n<td>1.396<\/td>\n<td>0.491<\/td>\n<td>10.597<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>1.851<\/td>\n<td>0.358<\/td>\n<td>1.333<\/td>\n<td>0.473<\/td>\n<td>10.426<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>1.948<\/td>\n<td>0.223<\/td>\n<td>1.546<\/td>\n<td>0.411<\/td>\n<td>10.284<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>1.793<\/td>\n<td>0.407<\/td>\n<td>1.433<\/td>\n<td>0.497<\/td>\n<td>6.691<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>1.830<\/td>\n<td>0.377<\/td>\n<td>1.437<\/td>\n<td>0.498<\/td>\n<td>7.511<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>1.919<\/td>\n<td>0.275<\/td>\n<td>1.622<\/td>\n<td>0.487<\/td>\n<td>6.338<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>1.933<\/td>\n<td>0.250<\/td>\n<td>1.326<\/td>\n<td>0.470<\/td>\n<td>13.622<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>1.896<\/td>\n<td>0.306<\/td>\n<td>1.288<\/td>\n<td>0.454<\/td>\n<td>13.272<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>1.978<\/td>\n<td>0.148<\/td>\n<td>1.537<\/td>\n<td>0.500<\/td>\n<td>10.088<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>1.963<\/td>\n<td>0.190<\/td>\n<td>1.567<\/td>\n<td>0.497<\/td>\n<td>8.888<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>1.978<\/td>\n<td>0.148<\/td>\n<td>1.756<\/td>\n<td>0.431<\/td>\n<td>5.824<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>2.000<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>1.437<\/td>\n<td>0.498<\/td>\n<td>13.515<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>1.541<\/td>\n<td>0.500<\/td>\n<td>1.267<\/td>\n<td>0.444<\/td>\n<td>4.899<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td>1.985<\/td>\n<td>0.121<\/td>\n<td>1.642<\/td>\n<td>0.481<\/td>\n<td>8.270<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>1.978<\/td>\n<td>0.148<\/td>\n<td>1.474<\/td>\n<td>0.501<\/td>\n<td>11.521<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>1.925<\/td>\n<td>0.264<\/td>\n<td>1.597<\/td>\n<td>0.492<\/td>\n<td>7.027<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>1.985<\/td>\n<td>0.121<\/td>\n<td>1.444<\/td>\n<td>0.499<\/td>\n<td>12.592<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>1.963<\/td>\n<td>0.190<\/td>\n<td>1.430<\/td>\n<td>0.497<\/td>\n<td>11.975<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>1.993<\/td>\n<td>0.086<\/td>\n<td>1.689<\/td>\n<td>0.465<\/td>\n<td>7.681<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>1.978<\/td>\n<td>0.148<\/td>\n<td>1.541<\/td>\n<td>0.500<\/td>\n<td>10.014<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>1.919<\/td>\n<td>0.275<\/td>\n<td>1.348<\/td>\n<td>0.478<\/td>\n<td>12.364<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>1.881<\/td>\n<td>0.324<\/td>\n<td>1.370<\/td>\n<td>0.485<\/td>\n<td>10.474<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>1.889<\/td>\n<td>0.315<\/td>\n<td>1.319<\/td>\n<td>0.468<\/td>\n<td>12.086<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (Items Validity):<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.05) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (0.088) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (498) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (14) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (14) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.655<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>0.482<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>0.635<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>0.565<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>0.567<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>0.571<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.824<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>0.606<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td>0.748<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>0.377<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>0.471<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>0.450<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.782<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>0.622<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>0.713<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>0.727<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>0.649<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>0.607<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.777<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>0.451<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>0.524<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>0.700<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>0.639<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>0.564<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>0.692<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>0.715<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>0.497<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>0.514<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>0.648<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>0.610<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>0.550<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>0.546<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Reliability Scale: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8211; \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Retest \u0640\u0640 Test<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u0640\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0640\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0640\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0640\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0629 (0.87) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0640 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e) (Internal Consistency Alfa Cronbach):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (500) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (0.85) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633, \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (10), \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (32) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: (\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644)) \u060c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (1). \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u064a (64) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (32) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 (48) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8211; SPSS \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Person Correlation) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e <\/strong>: \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5.<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong>: \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 ,\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (32) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (500) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a (54,334) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 (5,325) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (48) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,05)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 (26,596) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1,96)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (499) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (28) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644(9) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (28)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629t *<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629(0,05)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<td>54,334<\/td>\n<td>5,325<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>26,596<\/td>\n<td>1,96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (9) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629(\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639, 2016)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a 1994,Garmazey) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 (127: 2000, et.al, Becker).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0631. (2007). <em>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/em> (\u0637. 1). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Jado, S. M. A., &amp; Nofal, M. B. (2007). <em>Teaching thinking: Theory and practice<\/em> (1st ed.). Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2007). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a<\/em> (\u0637. 1). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Rayyash, H. M. (2007). <em>Cognitive learning<\/em> (1st ed.). Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628. (2011). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0637. 1). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Goldstein, S., &amp; Brooks, R. B. (2011). <em>Resilience in children<\/em> (S. Al-Aasar, Trans., 1st ed.). National Center for Translation, Cairo, Egypt.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (2005). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em> (\u0637. 1). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hijazi, M. (2005). <em>The wasted human: A psychosocial analytical study<\/em> (1st ed.). Arab Cultural Center, Beirut, Lebanon.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. (2009). <em>\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631]. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ben Lembarek, S. (2009). <em>Dogmatism style among university students<\/em> [Master\u2019s thesis in cognitive psychology, University of Hadj Lakhdar]. Faculty of Arts, University of Hadj Lakhdar, Algeria.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644. (2013). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c<\/em> (36).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdel-Gawad, W. M., &amp; Abdel-Fattah, A. K. (2013). Psychological resilience and its relationship with well-being among a sample of mothers of children with special needs. <em>Journal of Psychological Counseling,<\/em> (36).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. (2017). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/em>. \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdul-Sahib, M. M., &amp; Mohammed, W. N. (2017). Psychological resilience among abused women. In <em>The Eighteenth Academic Conference<\/em>. Arab Conferences Network.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646. (2013). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/em> (\u0637. 1). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Afoun, N. H. J., &amp; Maher, W. (2013). <em>Cognitive learning and information processing strategies<\/em> (1st ed.). Dar Al-Manahij for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Alva, S. A. (1991). Academic invulnerability among Mexican-American students: The importance of protective resources and appraisals. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13, 18\u201334.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Bandura, A. (1999). A sociocognitive analysis of substance abuse: An agentic perspective. Psychological Science, 10.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin. New York: Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J. H., &amp; Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12, 65\u201376.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S., &amp; Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97\u2013111.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Garmezy, N. (1985). Stress-resistant children: The search for protective factors. In J. E. Stevenson (Ed.), Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 213\u2013233). Oxford: Pergamon Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., &amp; Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543\u2013562.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Monsell, S. (1996). Control of mental processes. In V. Bruce (Ed.), Unsolved Mysteries of the Mind: Tutorial Essays in Cognition. Hove, UK: Erlbaum.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Peterson, C., &amp; Seligman, M. E. P. (Eds.). (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. New York: Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Reck, S. (2009). Sustained attention and age as predictors of behavioral inhibition, selective attention, and spatial working memory during early childhood. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois State, U.S.A.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Richardson, V. (1990). At-risk programs: Evaluation and critical inquiry. New Directions for Program Evaluation, 45, 61\u201375.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Seligman, M., &amp; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5\u201314.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16968","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16968"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17094,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16968\/revisions\/17094"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}