{"id":16807,"date":"2026-05-11T19:58:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T19:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-4-46\/"},"modified":"2026-05-11T20:09:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T20:09:22","slug":"7-4-46","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-4-46\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\/ \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Legal Nature of the Administrative Decision and Judicial Review Thereof<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Miqdad Adel Tawfiq Mam Sini\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Islamic University of Lebanon. Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Abbas Nasrallah, faculty member at the Islamic University of Beirut.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/46' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/46<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/46' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/46<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 781 - 794<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-12 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-04-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue4\/7-4-46.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. T.. (2026). The Legal Nature of the Administrative Decision and Judicial Review Thereof. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/46&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Sini Miqdad Adel Tawfiq Mam. 2026. \\&quot;The Legal Nature of the Administrative Decision and Judicial Review Thereof.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 4. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/46&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Mam Sini M. A. T.. 2026. The Legal Nature of the Administrative Decision and Judicial Review Thereof. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-04-01. [Cited 2026-06-01]. 7(4). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-4-46\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/46&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Mam Sini M. A. T.. The Legal Nature of the Administrative Decision and Judicial Review Thereof. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-04-01; 7(4). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/46&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Mam Sini M. A. T., \\&quot;The Legal Nature of the Administrative Decision and Judicial Review Thereof,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/46&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Sini Miqdad Adel Tawfiq Mam. \\&quot;The Legal Nature of the Administrative Decision and Judicial Review Thereof.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026-04-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/46&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645. \u0639. \u062a. \u0645. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This research examines the legal nature of the administrative decision and judicial review thereof, considering it the principal instrument through which the administration expresses its binding will and produces direct legal effects on the legal positions of individuals and institutions. The study proceeds from the importance of the administrative decision in contemporary administrative law, particularly in light of the expanding functions of the state and the increasing intervention of the administration in regulatory, social, and economic fields. This has made judicial review an essential guarantee for protecting the principle of legality and preventing abuse of power. The research aims to clarify the concept, characteristics, and types of administrative decisions, and to distinguish between individual and regulatory decisions, constitutive and declaratory decisions, and simple and complex decisions, while analyzing the impact of these classifications on the scope of judicial review and the appealability of administrative decisions. The study adopts the analytical method by examining relevant jurisprudential opinions and legal texts, as well as the comparative method when addressing selected applications in Iraqi and Lebanese law. It also employs the applied method through the analysis of examples of judicial rulings. The research concludes that determining the legal nature of the administrative decision is not merely a theoretical matter; rather, it has a direct impact on defining the extent to which the decision is subject to judicial review. It also shows that administrative courts have gradually tended to expand the scope of their review to include certain aspects of appropriateness, particularly in cases involving disproportionality, deviation, or abuse of power, while remaining bound by the principle that the judiciary must not substitute itself for the administration in exercising its discretionary authority. The research recommends establishing clearer criteria for regulating judicial review of appropriateness and strengthening the role of administrative courts in protecting rights and freedoms, in a manner that achieves a balance between administrative independence and submission to the rule of law.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Administrative Decision, Judicial Review, Principle of Legality, Discretionary Authority, Administrative Judiciary.<\/p><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644. (2014). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Ksur, Iqbal Fadel. (2014). <strong>Judicial Review of the Defect of Reason in the Administrative Decision<\/strong>. Baghdad, Iraq: University of Baghdad.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. (2017). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saliba, Amin. (2017). <strong>Al-Wafi in General Administrative Law: Basic Principles<\/strong>. Beirut: Modern Book Foundation.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c. (2012). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saad, George. (2012). <strong>General Administrative Law and Administrative Disputes<\/strong>. Beirut: Al-Halabi Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645. (2016). <strong>\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shammari, Rasha Abdul-Razzaq Jasim. (2016). <strong>The Finality Requirement in Administrative Decisions<\/strong>. 1st ed. Cairo: National Center for Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641. (2017). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Tamawi, Suleiman Muhammad, &amp; Al-Banna, Muhammad Atef. (2017). <strong>The General Theory of Administrative Decisions: A Comparative Study<\/strong>. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645. (2008). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khalifa, Abdel Aziz Abdel Moneim. (2008). <strong>The Administrative Decision<\/strong>. 1st ed. Cairo: National Center for Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a. (2005). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdullah, Abdel Ghani Bassiouni. (2005). <strong>Administrative Law<\/strong>. Alexandria: Mansha\u2019at Al-Maaref.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631. (2009). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/strong>. \u06371. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shatawi, Ali Khattar. (2009). <strong>Jordanian Administrative Law<\/strong>. 1st ed. Amman: Dar Wael for Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2015). <strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Badeer, Ali Muhammad, et al. (2015). <strong>Principles and Provisions of Administrative Law<\/strong>. Baghdad: Dar Al-Sanhouri.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648. (2009). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 O.P.L.C \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Radi, Mazen Lilo. (2009). <strong>Administrative Law<\/strong>. Erbil: O.P.L.C Foundation for Printing and Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a. (2022). <strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jubouri, Maher Saleh Allawi. (2022). <strong>Principles of Administrative Law<\/strong>. Baghdad: Legal Library.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2021). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdel Latif, Muhammad. (2021). <strong>The Administrative Decision: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Problems<\/strong>. Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jubouri, Najib Khalaf Ahmed. (2022). <strong>Administrative Law<\/strong>. Baghdad, Iraq: Dar Al-Masalla for Printing and Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (1998). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Khoury, Youssef Saadallah. (1998). <strong>General Administrative Law<\/strong>, Vol. 1. Beirut: Sader Legal Publications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2018). \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 4\u060c 2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Morsi, Hossam El-Din Muhammad. (2018). Controls of the Administrative Decision. <strong>Journal of Law for Legal and Economic Research<\/strong>, Alexandria University, Egypt, 4, 2018.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2023). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 12(1).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muhammad, Shahla Suleiman. (2023). The Role of Form and Procedure in Achieving Transparency of the Administrative Decision: A Comparative Study. <strong>Journal of Legal and Political Sciences<\/strong>, College of Law, University of Diyala, Iraq, 12(1).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. (2003). \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7\/10\/1999\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\/ \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062a. <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 15\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lebanese State Shura Council. (2003). Decision No. 7\/10\/1999, Al-Khoury v. Municipality of Amchit. <strong>Administrative Judiciary Journal<\/strong>, Issue 15, Beirut, Lebanon.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647. (2017). \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647. <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 9(1).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Husseini, Muhammad Taha. (2017). The Definition and Elements of the Administrative Decision. <strong>Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hilli Journal for Legal and Political Sciences<\/strong>, College of Law, University of Babylon, Iraq, 9(1).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644. (2008). \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621. <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khudair, Mahmoud Khalil. (2008). The Termination of the Administrative Decision by Non-Judicial Means. <strong>Journal of the College of Law<\/strong>, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq, 1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 10434 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14\/06\/1975\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Lebanese State Shura Council Regulation<\/strong>, implemented by Decree No. 10434 dated 14\/06\/1975, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (65) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1979<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Iraqi State Shura Council Law No. 65 of 1979<\/strong>, as amended.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005<\/strong>, in force.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. (2010). \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (212\/\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\/2009). \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a: <strong>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009<\/strong>. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iraqi State Shura Council. (2010). General Assembly Decision No. (212\/Disciplinary Cassation\/2009). Published in: <strong>Decisions and Opinions of the State Shura Council for 2009<\/strong>. Baghdad: House of Books and Documents.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. (2017). \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (170\/\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0640 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\/2017)\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13\/4\/2017. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a: <strong>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017<\/strong>. \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iraqi Supreme Administrative Court. (2017). Decision No. (170\/Administrative Judiciary\u2013Cassation\/2017), dated 13\/4\/2017. Published in: <strong>Decisions and Opinions of the State Council for 2017<\/strong>. Republic of Iraq: State Council.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. (2015). \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (27\/\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\/\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\/2014)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/2\/2015. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iraqi Supreme Administrative Court. (2015). Decision No. (27\/Administrative\/Cassation\/2014), issued on 19\/2\/2015. Published on the official website of the Iraqi Ministry of Justice.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. (2022). \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (567)\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 5\/7\/2022. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lebanese State Shura Council. (2022). Decision No. (567), dated 5\/7\/2022. Published on the website of the Center for Legal Informatics Research and Studies.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. (2018). \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (602)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/3\/2018. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lebanese State Shura Council. (2018). Judgment No. (602), issued on 19\/3\/2018. Published on the website of the Center for Legal Informatics Research and Studies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635461. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (2018)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f(4)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635181. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (9)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635515. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0634\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (12)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2023\u060c \u0635163. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635253. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 &#8211; \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635148. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635355. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2012\u060c \u0635187. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635417. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635415. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635315. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (105) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 10434 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14\/06\/1975 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>((<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ( 7 \/ \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 ( 65 ) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1979 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 . <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645 11 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \/1991 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 26\/10\/1991\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2016\u060c \u063520. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>((<\/sup> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 (212 \/ \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \/ 2009 )\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 395. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 170 \/\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \/ 2017 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13\/4\/2017 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0635 544. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (27\/\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\/\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\/2014) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/2\/2015\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.gov.iq\/view.1919\/\">https:\/\/www.moj.gov.iq\/view.1919\/<\/a> \u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629:1-11-2025. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>((<\/sup> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (567) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e 5\/7\/2022\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a <a href=\"http:\/\/77.42.251.205\/ViewRulePage.aspx?ID=148253&amp;selection\">http:\/\/77.42.251.205\/ViewRulePage.aspx?ID=148253&amp;selection<\/a>=\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1-10-2025. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7\/10\/1999\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 15\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2003\u060c \u06356. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 148. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 282. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>(<\/sup>) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2021\u060c \u0635364. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2014\u060c \u063572. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 232. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (602) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/3\/2018\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <a href=\"http:\/\/77.42.251.205\/ViewRulePage.aspx?ID=131469&amp;selection\">http:\/\/77.42.251.205\/ViewRulePage.aspx?ID=131469&amp;selection<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 1-10-2025. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 220. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 225. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 o.p.l.c \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 249. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635 64. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 100 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16807-footnote-31\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>(<\/sup>) \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635305. <a href=\"#post-16807-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16807","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16807"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16812,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16807\/revisions\/16812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}