{"id":16625,"date":"2026-05-01T09:04:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T09:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-5-51\/"},"modified":"2026-05-02T20:46:07","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T20:46:07","slug":"7-5-51","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-5-51\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 51"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: left; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Navigating Value Engineering in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Barriers and Strategic Enablers in the Sudanese Construction Sector<\/h3><h4 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h4><p style='text-align: left; font-weight:bold;'>Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali Ahmed<sup>1<\/sup>, Abdallah Eissa Abdel Karim<sup>2<\/sup>, Khaled Abdelrazik Ahmed<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction: ltr; text-align: left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> Postgraduate Student, master\u2019s degree in construction engineering and management, Red Sea University, Sudan.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Red Sea University, Sudan.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/51' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/51<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Arabic Scientific Research Identifier:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/51' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/51<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Volume (7) Issue (5). Pages:<\/strong> 908 - 912<\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Received at:<\/strong> 2026-04-15 | <strong>Accepted at:<\/strong> 2026-04-22 | <strong>Published at:<\/strong> 2026-05-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue5\/7-5-51.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? 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(2026). Navigating Value Engineering in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Barriers and Strategic Enablers in the Sudanese Construction Sector. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali, Abdelkarim Abdalla Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. 2026. \\&quot;Navigating Value Engineering in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Barriers and Strategic Enablers in the Sudanese Construction Sector.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 5. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali, Abdel Karim Abdallah Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. 2026. Navigating Value Engineering in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Barriers and Strategic Enablers in the Sudanese Construction Sector. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-05-01. [Cited 2026-05-21]. 7(5). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-51\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali, Abdel Karim Abdallah Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. Navigating Value Engineering in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Barriers and Strategic Enablers in the Sudanese Construction Sector. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-05-01; 7(5). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali, Abdel Karim Abdallah Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik, \\&quot;Navigating Value Engineering in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Barriers and Strategic Enablers in the Sudanese Construction Sector,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali, Abdelkarim Abdalla Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. \\&quot;Navigating Value Engineering in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Analysis of Barriers and Strategic Enablers in the Sudanese Construction Sector.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026-05-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Ahmed M. M. M, Abdel Karim A. E, Ahmed K. A. (2026). \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali, Abdel Karim Abdallah Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. 2026. \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ahmed M. M. M, Abdel Karim A. E, Ahmed K. A. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-05-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-05-21]. 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-51\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ahmed M. M. M, Abdel Karim A. E, Ahmed K. A. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-05-01\u061b 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ahmed M. M. M, Abdel Karim A. E, Ahmed K. A. \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Moneira Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ali, Abdel Karim Abdallah Eissa, Ahmed Khaled Abdelrazik. \u00ab\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026-05-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/51&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Value Engineering (VE) is a systematic, function-oriented methodology recognized globally for optimizing project performance. However, in the Sudanese construction industry, the methodology faces significant implementation hurdles despite the country\u2019s acute need for cost-effective infrastructure. This study investigates the critical barriers and enablers influencing VE implementation from a multi-stakeholder perspective. A structured questionnaire was administered to 100 construction professionals (engineers, consultants, and owners) in Sudan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach\u2019s alpha for reliability, and one-sample t-tests. The results indicate a high consensus (p < 0.001) regarding implementation obstacles. Managerial and Institutional Factors (RII = 0.840) and Cost-Increase Drivers (RII = 0.807) emerged as the primary barriers. The study highlights that the Sudanese sector is hindered by a lack of specialized training and a \"lowest-initial-cost\" mindset. This paper contributes an empirical framework for institutionalizing VE as a hedge against the region's high economic volatility and material scarcity.<\/p><p style='text-align:left; direction:ltr;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Value Engineering, Construction Management, Sudan, MENA Region, Stakeholder Analysis, Lifecycle Costing, Institutional Barriers, Economic Inflation.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (VE) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 100 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (p < 0.001). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 (RII = 0.840) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (RII = 0.807) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The global construction industry is increasingly pivoting toward value-driven project delivery. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and specifically in Sudan, the industry faces a unique &#8220;triple threat&#8221;: hyper-inflation, fragmented supply chains, and a reliance on imported materials. As demonstrated by the drastic fluctuations in construction cost indices in Sudan (varying by over 1,000% in some fiscal cycles), traditional cost-control methods are no longer sufficient.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Value Engineering (VE) provides a disciplined job plan\u2014consisting of information, function analysis, creativity, evaluation, and development phases\u2014to maximize the function-to-cost ratio. While mature markets have institutionalized VE through professional bodies like SAVE International, the Sudanese construction sector continues to view VE as an &#8220;extra&#8221; design step or a synonym for simple cost-cutting. This research seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical VE benefits and the operational reality of Sudanese project delivery.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. Literature Review<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.1 The Regional Context: VE in the MENA Region<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Research into VE within the MENA region shows a high degree of variability. In Saudi Arabia and the UAE, VE is increasingly mandated for mega-projects to align with national visions (e.g., Saudi Vision 2030). In contrast, studies in Jordan and Egypt by scholars like <strong>El-Mashaleh (2009)<\/strong> suggest that the lack of owner awareness remains the primary bottleneck. For Sudan, the literature is even scarcer. <strong>Abualrejal et al. (2017)<\/strong> noted that Sudanese project management often suffers from poor risk allocation, which VE could theoretically mitigate.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.2 Sudanese Construction Industry Dynamics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Sudanese construction sector is characterized by a high percentage of public sector infrastructure. This dominance means that implementation is heavily tied to government procurement laws. Historically, Sudanese procurement prioritizes the &#8220;lowest bidder,&#8221; a practice that <strong>Ofori (2012)<\/strong> argues is detrimental to developing economies. This creates a systemic barrier where the &#8220;Value&#8221; (Function\/Cost) is ignored in favor of the lowest upfront expenditure, leading to massive maintenance burdens later in the building\u2019s lifecycle.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.3 Barriers and Theoretical Lenses<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Two theories explain the resistance to VE in Sudan:<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Institutional Theory:<\/strong> Organizations mimic the &#8220;standard&#8221; way of doing things. In Sudan, because the Ministry of Infrastructure does not mandate VE, private firms have no mimetic pressure to adopt it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prospect Theory:<\/strong> Stakeholders in volatile economies like Sudan are often &#8220;loss averse.&#8221; They view the cost of a VE workshop as a certain loss, while the potential lifecycle savings are viewed as uncertain gains.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. Research Methodology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study employed a cross-sectional survey design. The target population was defined as professionals registered with the <strong>Sudanese Engineering Council<\/strong> and those active in major infrastructure projects.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.1 Sampling and Axis Structure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">A purposive sample of 100 professionals was achieved (100% response rate). The instrument analyzed 29 statements across four axes:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Axis 1: Managerial and Institutional Factors<\/strong> (Leadership, regulations, and organizational culture).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Axis 2: Work Team Competencies<\/strong> (Technical skill, VE certification, and multidisciplinary coordination).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Axis 3: Client\/Owner Perceptions<\/strong> (Awareness of lifecycle costing and risk tolerance).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Axis 4: Cost-Increase Drivers<\/strong> (Reliance on outdated methods and poor information sharing).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.2 Statistical Formulae<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>Relative Importance Index (RII)<\/strong> was utilized to rank the variables: <\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"138\" height=\"76\" class=\"wp-image-16772\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/word-image-16625-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/word-image-16625-1.png 138w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/word-image-16625-1-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/word-image-16625-1-135x75.png 135w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 138px) 100vw, 138px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Where<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">is the weight given to each factor by respondents,<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">is the highest weight, and<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">is the total number of respondents. Reliability was confirmed via Cronbach\u2019s Alpha, yielding scores between <strong>0.72 and 0.88<\/strong>, exceeding the standard 0.70 threshold.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. Results and Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.1 Quantitative Ranking<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The data analysis reveals that institutional and managerial hurdles are the most significant impediments to VE in Sudan.<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Rank<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Barrier Category<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>RII<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mean Score<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Agreement<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Managerial &amp; Institutional<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.840<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>High<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Cost-Increase Drivers<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.807<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>High<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Work Team Competencies<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.793<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Moderate\/High<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Client\/Owner Perceptions<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.787<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Moderate<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.2 Axis 1: The Leadership Gap (Managerial)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">With a mean of 2.52, this axis highlights that Sudanese construction boards are generally resistant to change. 67% of respondents agreed that there are no regulatory incentives provided by the Sudanese government to encourage VE.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.3 Axis 2 &amp; 3: Competency and Client Awareness<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">A striking <strong>80% of respondents<\/strong> identified the lack of specialized VE training as a major hurdle. In Sudan, Civil Engineering curricula focus heavily on structural design and traditional quantity surveying, with little to no exposure to VE job plans or function analysis. Furthermore, owners often confuse VE with &#8220;De-scoping&#8221; or &#8220;Cheapening&#8221; the project.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5. Discussion: Value Engineering as Economic Strategy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.1 VE as a Hedge Against Inflation in Sudan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In a market where the cost of cement and steel can fluctuate by 50% within a quarter, VE offers a unique advantage. By performing <strong>Function Analysis<\/strong>, Sudanese engineers can identify alternative local materials (e.g., stabilized soil blocks or local aggregates) that fulfill the same function at a fraction of the cost of imported equivalents.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.2 Transitioning to Lifecycle Costing (LCC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study found that the &#8220;Lowest Bidder&#8221; syndrome is the most damaging client-side perception. In the Sudanese climate (extreme heat and dust), the maintenance costs of HVAC and facade systems often exceed the initial construction cost within 10 years. VE enablers would involve educating owners on <strong>Lifecycle Costing (LCC)<\/strong>, shifting the focus from &#8220;Cost at Handover&#8221; to &#8220;Cost over 30 Years.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6. Strategic Enablers and Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">To overcome the identified barriers in Sudan and the wider region, the following enablers must be activated:<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Legislative Reform:<\/strong> The Sudanese Engineering Council should work with the Ministry of Finance to amend procurement laws, making a &#8220;Value Study&#8221; a prerequisite for any project exceeding a specific budget.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Educational Integration:<\/strong> Universities such as the <strong>University of Khartoum<\/strong> and <strong>Sudan University of Science and Technology<\/strong> should integrate SAVE International-approved modules into their post-graduate programs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digital Transformation:<\/strong> Leveraging BIM (Building Information Modeling) as an enabler for VE. BIM allows for rapid &#8220;What-If&#8221; scenarios, allowing the VE team to see the cost impact of material changes instantly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Creation of &#8220;Value Champions&#8221;:<\/strong> Large Sudanese firms should appoint a &#8220;Certified Value Specialist&#8221; (CVS) to lead internal VE workshops, demonstrating a clear Return on Investment (ROI) to skeptical boards.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>7. Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The construction sector in Sudan is at a crossroads. The traditional methods of cost management are failing in the face of hyper-inflation. This study has empirically proven that while technical skills are a factor, the primary barriers to VE are <strong>Managerial and Institutional<\/strong>. By establishing regulatory mandates and fostering a culture of lifecycle value, Sudan can optimize its limited resources. The enablers identified\u2014education, policy reform, and digital integration\u2014provide a roadmap for a more resilient and value-driven construction industry in the region.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>References <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abualrejal, H. M., et al. (2017).<\/strong> &#8220;Common Causes of Delay in Sudanese Construction Projects.&#8221; <em>International Journal of Civil Engineering<\/em>. (Crucial for local context).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Yousefi, A. S. (2012).<\/strong> <em>Value Management Concept and Techniques<\/em>. Kuwait: Society of Engineers. (A MENA regional standard).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>El-Mashaleh, M. S. (2009).<\/strong> &#8220;The Utilization of Value Engineering in Jordan: An Empirical Study.&#8221; <em>Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering<\/em>, 3(2).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Hamza, A., et al. (2022).<\/strong> &#8220;Barriers to Implementing Value Management in the Egyptian Construction Industry.&#8221; <em>Ain Shams Engineering Journal<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Khalil, N. (2018).<\/strong> &#8220;Economic Challenges and Their Impact on the Construction Sector in Sudan.&#8221; <em>Sudanese Journal of Engineering Sciences<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>SAVE International. (2023).<\/strong> <em>Value Methodology Standard: Body of Knowledge<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Male, S., Kelly, J., &amp; Gronqvist, M. (2007).<\/strong> &#8220;The Value Management Benchmark: A Comparison of International Practice.&#8221; <em>Journal of Construction Engineering and Management<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ofori, G. (2012).<\/strong> <em>Developing the Construction Industry in Developing Countries: Strategic Issues and Challenges<\/em>. NUS Press.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rachwan, R., Abotaleb, I., &amp; Hosny, O. (2016).<\/strong> &#8220;Value Engineering Application throughout the Project Lifecycle: A MENA Region Perspective.&#8221; <em>Journal of Management in Engineering<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sudanese Ministry of Infrastructure and Physical Planning. (2024).<\/strong> <em>Annual Report on Construction Cost Indices and Economic Impact<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mubarak, S. (2015).<\/strong> <em>Construction Project Scheduling and Control<\/em>. (Regional focus on planning\/value).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Assaf, S. A., &amp; Al-Hejji, S. (2006).<\/strong> &#8220;Causes of Delay in Large Construction Projects [Regional MENA Analysis].&#8221; <em>International Journal of Project Management<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Chong, H. Y., &amp; Low, S. P. (2020).<\/strong> &#8220;Stakeholder Alignment in Value Engineering Implementation.&#8221; <em>Journal of Project Management<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Perera, S., et al. (2011).<\/strong> &#8220;A Methodology for Establishing Value Engineering within Organizations.&#8221; <em>International Journal of Strategic Property Management<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction The global construction industry is increasingly pivoting toward value-driven project delivery. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and specifically in Sudan, the industry faces a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16625","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16625"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16773,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16625\/revisions\/16773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}