{"id":16618,"date":"2026-05-01T09:04:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T09:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-5-44\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T09:11:51","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T09:11:51","slug":"7-5-44","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-5-44\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 44"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: left; font-family:Times New Roman;'>A Rhetorical Pragmatic Study of Etiquette in Political Speeches<\/h3><h4 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4><p style='text-align: left; font-weight:bold;'>Lect. Dr. Zina Abdul-Hussein Khudhair<sup>1<\/sup>, Lect.Dr. Hasan Imad Kadhim<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction: ltr; text-align: left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> University of Babylon, College of Education for Human Sciences, Department of English, Iraq.<\/p><p>Email: Hum975.zynh.abdulhussein@uobabylon.edu.iq     alkhafajihasan@uobabylon.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Arabic Scientific Research Identifier:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Volume (7) Issue (5). Pages:<\/strong> 808 - 817<\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Received at:<\/strong> 2026-04-15 | <strong>Accepted at:<\/strong> 2026-04-22 | <strong>Published at:<\/strong> 2026-05-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue5\/7-5-44.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? 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A., Kadhim H. I.. (2026). A Rhetorical Pragmatic Study of Etiquette in Political Speeches. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Zina Abdul-Hussein, Kadhim Hasan Imad. 2026. \\&quot;A Rhetorical Pragmatic Study of Etiquette in Political Speeches.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 5. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Z. A., Kadhim H. I.. 2026. A Rhetorical Pragmatic Study of Etiquette in Political Speeches. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-05-01. [Cited 2026-05-01]. 7(5). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-44\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Z. A., Kadhim H. I.. A Rhetorical Pragmatic Study of Etiquette in Political Speeches. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-05-01; 7(5). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Z. A., Kadhim H. I., \\&quot;A Rhetorical Pragmatic Study of Etiquette in Political Speeches,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Zina Abdul-Hussein, Kadhim Hasan Imad. \\&quot;A Rhetorical Pragmatic Study of Etiquette in Political Speeches.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026-05-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Z. A, Kadhim H. I. (2026). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Zina Abdul-Hussein, Kadhim Hasan Imad. 2026. \u00ab\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Z. A, Kadhim H. I. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-05-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-05-01]. 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-44\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Z. A, Kadhim H. I. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-05-01\u061b 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Z. A, Kadhim H. I. \u00ab\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Khudhair Zina Abdul-Hussein, Kadhim Hasan Imad. \u00ab\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026-05-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/44&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study investigates the rhetorical-pragmatic use of etiquette in Donald Trump\u2019s presidential victory speech, focusing on how linguistic choices contribute to constructing political politeness, solidarity, and persuasion. The study examines etiquette as a communicative practice shaped by social norms, appropriate verbal behaviour, and the strategic management of speaker\u2013audience relations. It adopts an eclectic analytical model combining speech act theory with selected rhetorical devices, particularly metaphor and repetition. The analysis seeks to identify the most frequent speech acts employed in the speech and the dominant rhetorical strategies used to project etiquette and strengthen the persuasive force of the address. The findings show that Trump\u2019s speech employs a range of speech acts, including stating, promising, asserting, commanding, thanking, apologizing, threatening, and telling. Among these, stating appears most frequently, while promising is central to shaping the future-oriented and persuasive character of the speech. Rhetorically, repetition is used extensively to emphasize gratitude, unity, urgency, and national renewal, whereas metaphor is employed to personify America and evoke emotional attachment to the nation. The study concludes that Trump\u2019s political etiquette is not limited to conventional politeness expressions, but is strategically constructed through pragmatic and rhetorical choices that reinforce unity, patriotism, authority, and audience engagement. The research contributes to studies of political discourse, pragmatics, and rhetoric by showing how etiquette functions as a persuasive tool in presidential speech-making.<\/p><p style='text-align:left; direction:ltr;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> linguistic etiquette, political discourse, speech acts, rhetorical pragmatics, repetition, metaphor, Trump\u2019s victory speech.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 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