{"id":16579,"date":"2026-05-01T05:04:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T05:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16579"},"modified":"2026-05-02T16:56:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T16:56:35","slug":"7-5-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-5-28\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: rfaaamasha35@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Rifaa Aqab Amasha\u00b9, Dr. Mohammed Talib Dabous\u00b9, Prof. Dr. Ghassan Hussein Al-Hilu\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> rfaaamasha35@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/28' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/28<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/28' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/28<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (5). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 513 - 533<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-22 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-05-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue5\/7-5-28.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_27818'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Dr. Rifaa Aqab Amasha\u00b9, Dr. Mohammed Talib Dabous\u00b9, Prof. Dr. Ghassan Hussein Al-Hilu\u00b9&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062f. \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-28\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-05-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Amasha R. A., Dabous M. T., Al-Hilu G. H.. (2026). The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Amasha Rifaa Aqab, Dabous Mohammed Talib, Al-Hilu Ghassan Hussein. 2026. \\&quot;The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 5. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Amasha R. A., Dabous M. T., Al-Hilu G. H.. 2026. The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-05-01. [Cited 2026-05-21]. 7(5). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-28\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Amasha R. A., Dabous M. T., Al-Hilu G. H.. The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-05-01; 7(5). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Amasha R. A., Dabous M. T., Al-Hilu G. H., \\&quot;The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Amasha Rifaa Aqab, Dabous Mohammed Talib, Al-Hilu Ghassan Hussein. \\&quot;The Effect of Using Task-Based Formative Assessment Tools on Measuring and Developing Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Among Sixth-Grade Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026-05-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0631. \u0639\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645. \u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u063a. \u062d. (2026). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. 2026. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0631. \u0639\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645. \u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u063a. \u062d. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-05-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-05-21]. 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-28\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0631. \u0639\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645. \u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u063a. \u062d. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-05-01\u061b 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0631. \u0639\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645. \u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u063a. \u062d. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026-05-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/28&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (48) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a (91.87) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640(87.51) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (28.6%)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (26.1%). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> The study aimed to investigate the effect of using task-based formative assessment tools in measuring and developing inferential thinking skills in mathematics among sixth-grade students. The sample consisted of 48 male and female students divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group at a primary school in the Buq\u2018ata area. The study adopted a quasi-experimental approach, supported by qualitative tools represented by classroom observations and interviews with mathematics teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, two main instruments were developed: a mathematics achievement test and a test designed to measure inferential thinking skills. The validity and reliability of both instruments were verified, and they were administered as pre- and post-tests to both groups. In addition, interviews were conducted with teachers to explore the impact of the implementation. The results revealed a statistically significant positive effect of using task-based formative assessment in developing inferential thinking skills across their dimensions: induction, deduction, and inference. The experimental group outperformed the control group, with an adjusted mean score of 91.87 compared with 87.51 for the control group. The results also showed a large effect size for inductive skills at 28.6% and for deductive skills at 26.1%. In light of these findings, the study recommended adopting task-based formative assessment as a fundamental approach in teaching mathematics, training teachers to design authentic performance tasks, activating feedback and mathematical dialogue within the classroom, and developing curricula to include task-based assessment tools that contribute to the development of higher-order thinking skills.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Formative assessment, educational tasks, inferential thinking, mathematics, sixth grade.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 (Heritage, 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 (Vygotsky, 1978)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Skinner, 1968). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 (NCTM, 2023) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (Heritage, 2010). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Schildkamp, 2020). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f (Wiliam, 2011) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (Black &amp; Wiliam, 2009)\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 (Hattie &amp; Timperley, 2007).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 (Black &amp; Wiliam, 2009). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Darling &amp; Adamson, 2014). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Wiggins, 1990). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Wijaya et al., 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Gao, 2020; Henderson &amp; Tallman, 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0647 (Black &amp; Wiliam, 2009).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (Wiliam &amp; Leahy, 2015).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 (Brookhart, 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Kingston &amp; Nash, 2011; Wijaya et al., 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 (Vygotsky, 1978)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 (Bloom, 1968)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 (Piaget, 1972). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u060c 2020). <br \/>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\/\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Heritage, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (Facione, 2015).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 &#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2026\/2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025\/ 2026\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 390 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0628&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 (24) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 (24) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (48) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (16) \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645) \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621: (4) \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 (3\u060c 5\u060c 10\u060c 12)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637: (8) \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 1)\u060c 2\u060c 4\u060c 6\u060c 8\u060c 9\u060c 13\u060c 15(<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c: (4) \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 ( 7\u060c 10\u060c 11\u060c 14).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (100)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645:<\/strong> \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a (Partial Credit) \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (25) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (SPSS)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.55<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 <strong>(0.42)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>(0.75)<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 <strong>(0.59)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b (0.20 &#8211; 0.80). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 <strong>(0.35)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>(0.61)<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 <strong>(0.49)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 <strong>(0.30)<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(\u0628) \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Reliability)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 <strong>&#8220;\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e&#8221; (Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha)<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (25) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a <strong>(0.82)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957821\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e) \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.76<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.82<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Reliable Tool) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a) (Post-test of Logical Reasoning)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 (\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627&#8221; \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 (Standardization): \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (22) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957822\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\u060c 9\u060c 10\u060c 17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1\u060c 2\u060c 3\u060c 5\u060c 11\u060c 14\u060c 15\u060c 16\u060c 18\u060c 19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6\u060c 7\u060c 8\u060c 12\u060c 13\u060c 20\u060c 21\u060c 22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>22<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Validity)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629&#8221; (Alignment) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3.\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 &#8220;\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631&#8221; (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628). \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (100) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Reliability)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.84)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a (Formative Assessment Tools)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 (Traffic Light Card):<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (Self-Assessment)\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Metacognition) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Immediate Feedback) \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 (Peer Assessment):<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064d \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c (Exit Ticket):<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Diagnostic Tool) \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 (Portfolio) \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a&#8221; \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (Open-ended Tasks) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a (Analytic Rubric)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 (Performance Indicators) \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629: (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha):<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a <strong>(0.85)<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0632)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (Performance Rubrics)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 (Rubrics) \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (Performance Indicators) \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Descriptive Feedback) \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Experimental\u2013Control Group Design)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957829\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647 :<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957830\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 (35)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 (35)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29.91<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.86<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (13) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (<strong>30.37<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (<strong>2.62<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (<strong>32.21<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (<strong>1.86<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957831\"><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>F<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>67.980<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>67.980<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18.037<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>34.718<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>34.718<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9.212<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.004*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.286<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>169.603<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.769<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>277.917<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (<strong>\u03b1 = 0.05) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 18.037) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 9.212) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.004)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (\u03b1 = 0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e\u064e\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.286)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 (0.14) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (28.6%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957832\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6):<a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957833\"><\/a> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.440<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.397<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.143<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.397<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (30.440) \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.397)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (32.143) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (0.397). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 (Maskos et al., 2025; Smit et al., 2023; S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, 2023; de Vries et al., 2022)\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957834\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957835\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 (30)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 (30)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25.71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.91<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27.54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (<strong>26.17<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (<strong>2.26<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (<strong>27.54<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (<strong>1.59<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957836\"><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 <\/em><\/strong>(ANCOVA)\u060c<strong><em> \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>F<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>45.757<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>45.757<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>15.896<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18.611<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18.611<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.015*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.261<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>129.535<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>197.979<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (<strong>\u03b1 = 0.05) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 15.896) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 6.645) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.015)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (\u03b1 = 0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.261)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 (0.14) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (26.1%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957837\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9):<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957838\"><\/a><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/em><\/h1>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.230<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.347<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27.478<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.347<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (26.230) \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.347)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (27.478) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (0.347). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957839\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Maskos et al., 2025; Smit et al., 2023; S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, 2023; de Vries et al., 2022)\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957840\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 (35)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 (35)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.88<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (<strong>30.75<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (<strong>2.61<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (<strong>32.33<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (<strong>1.88<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (20) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957841\"><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11): <strong><em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 <\/em><\/strong>(ANCOVA)\u060c<strong><em> \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>F<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>75.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>75.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20.727<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.682<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.682<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.545<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.014*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.127<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>162.834<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.619<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>267.917<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (<strong>\u03b1 = 0.05) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 20.727) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 6.545) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.014)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (\u03b1 = 0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.127)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.01 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.06 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.14 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (12.7%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957842\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12):<a id=\"post-16579-_Toc225957843\"><\/a> <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.838<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.389<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.246<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.389<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (30.838) \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.389)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (32.246) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (0.389). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 (Maskos et al., 2025; Smit et al., 2023; S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, 2023; de Vries et al., 2022)\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 38<\/em>(2)\u060c 145\u2013167.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Daher, M. (2021). Formative assessment and its role in improving learning outcomes. <em>Journal of Educational Research, 38<\/em>(2), 145\u2013167.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621. (2020). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0648 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 16<\/em>(46).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdul Razzaq, H. (2020). The effect of using the Jigsaw II strategy on academic achievement in philosophy and psychology among fifth-grade literary female students. <em>Wasit Journal for Human Sciences, 16<\/em>(46).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Black, P., &amp; Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(1), 5\u201331. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bloom, B. S. (1968). Learning for mastery. Evaluation Comment, 1(2), 1\u201312.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brookhart, S. M. (2013). How to create and use rubrics for formative assessment and grading. ASCD.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Darling-Hammond, L., &amp; Adamson, F. (Eds.). (2014). Beyond the bubble test: How performance assessments support 21st century learning. Jossey-Bass.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">de Vries, J., Dimosthenous, A., Schildkamp, K., &amp; Visscher, A. (2023). The impact of an assessment for learning teacher professional development program on students\u2019 metacognition. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 34(1), 109\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09243453.2022.2116461<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Facione, P. A. (2015). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight Assessment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hattie, J., &amp; Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81\u2013112. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/003465430298487\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/003465430298487<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Henderson, L., &amp; Tallman, J. (2021). Classroom observation as a tool for formative assessment: Enhancing student learning through real-time feedback. Journal of Educational Assessment, 29(3), 245\u2013260.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Heritage, M. (2010). Formative assessment: Making it happen in the classroom. Corwin Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kingston, N., &amp; Nash, B. (2011). Formative assessment: A meta-analysis and a call for research. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 30(4), 28\u201337. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3992.2011.00220.x\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-3992.2011.00220.x<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maskos, K., Schulz, A., Oeksuez, S. S., &amp; Rakoczy, K. (2025). Formative assessment in mathematics education: A systematic review. ZDM \u2013 Mathematics Education, 57, 679\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11858-025-01696-x<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. NCTM. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2014). Principles to actions: Ensuring mathematical success for all. NCTM.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood. Human Development, 15(1), 1\u201312.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Schildkamp, K., van der Kleij, F. M., Heitink, M. C., Kippers, W. B., &amp; Veldkamp, B. P. (2020). Formative assessment: A systematic review of critical teacher prerequisites for classroom practice. International Journal of Educational Research, 103, Article 101602. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijer.2020.101602\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijer.2020.101602<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Skinner, B. F. (1968). The technology of teaching. Appleton-Century-Crofts.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smit, R., Dober, H., Hess, K., Bachmann, P., &amp; Birri, T. (2023). Supporting primary students\u2019 mathematical reasoning practice: The effects of formative feedback and the mediating role of self-efficacy. Research in Mathematics Education, 25(3), 277\u2013300. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14794802.2022.2062780\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14794802.2022.2062780<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, S. (2024). Computer-based formative assessment for problem solving. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 55(10), 2346\u20132366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0020739X.2023.2178982<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wiggins, G. (1990). The case for authentic assessment. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 2(1), Article 2. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7275\/ffb1-mm19\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7275\/ffb1-mm19<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wiliam, D. (2011). Embedded formative assessment. Solution Tree Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wiliam, D., &amp; Leahy, S. (2015). Embedding formative assessment: Practical techniques for K\u201312 classrooms. Learning Sciences International.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16579","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16579"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16728,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16579\/revisions\/16728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}