{"id":16418,"date":"2026-04-02T20:44:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T20:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16418"},"modified":"2026-04-02T20:44:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T20:44:02","slug":"7-4-29","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-4-29\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623. \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: consultingsafa071@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Assist. Safaa Rabi\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> consultingsafa071@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/29' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/29<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/29' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/29<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 449 - 472<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-12 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-04-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue4\/7-4-29.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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Safaa Rabi\u00b9&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0623. \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-4-29\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-04-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Rabi, S.. (2026). Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Rabi, Safaa. 2026. \\&quot;Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 4. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Rabi, S.. 2026. Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-04-01. [Cited 2026-04-23]. 7(4). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-4-29\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Rabi, S.. Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-04-01; 7(4). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Rabi, S., \\&quot;Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Rabi, Safaa. \\&quot;Standardizing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a Sample of Secondary School Teachers in the City of Kafr Qasim.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026-04-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635. (2026). \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621. 2026. \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635. \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-04-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-23]. 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-4-29\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635. \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-04-01\u061b 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635. \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 4\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621. \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 4\u060c 2026-04-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/29&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to standardize the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale on a sample of secondary school teachers in the city of Kafr Qasim and to examine its psychometric suitability within the local educational context. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and investigated validity through expert judgment and construct validity, in addition to examining reliability using Cronbach\u2019s alpha, split-half reliability, and the Spearman-Brown formula. The findings showed that the scale items were significantly correlated with their respective domains and with the total score, indicating acceptable construct validity. The results also revealed high reliability coefficients for both the overall scale and its subdimensions, confirming its suitability for measuring self-esteem among secondary school teachers in Kafr Qasim. The study is important in that it provides a standardized instrument that can be used in educational and psychological research and in designing professional and psychological support programs based on more accurate data that are appropriate to the local cultural context.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Self-esteem, Rosenberg Scale, Psychological Standardization, Secondary School Teachers, Psychometric Properties.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 <strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 (Orth &amp; Robins, 2022). \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 (Sowislo &amp; Orth, 2023) \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 (Maslow)<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f <strong>\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 (Rogers)<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Breines &amp; Chen, 2021) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 .(Zee &amp; Koomen, 2022) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642. (Ahn et al. , 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 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\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u061f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Norms) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647. Anastasi &amp; Urbina (1997)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Collie et al., 2015).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2025\/2026\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a Self-Esteem \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 <\/strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<strong> (James, 1890)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a (1965)<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648: \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 <strong>\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b (Coopersmith, 1967)<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 (Maslow, 1970)<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a Self-Actualization. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b <strong>Orth &amp; Robins (2014)<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 (Rogers, 1951)<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 <strong>Festinger (1954)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u2014\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a (Heider, 1958)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 9.3 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a. Skaalvik &amp; Skaalvik (2010)<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. Collie et al. (2015)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. Klassen et al. (2013)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 9.4 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0651\u0628\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> .1 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 (2018)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c:<\/strong> \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 240 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (Cronbach \u03b1 = 0.83).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a (2019)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c:<\/strong> \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 180 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.79).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u064a\u062f\u0645 (2021)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c:<\/strong> \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 300 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0640\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Rosenberg (1965)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Orth &amp; Robins (2014)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c:<\/strong> \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a (Longitudinal).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 7,100 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d (\u03b1 = 0.88).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Klassen et al. (2013)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c:<\/strong> \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 450 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Schmitt &amp; Allik (2005)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a 53 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Gray-Little et al. (1997)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a (Meta-analysis)<\/strong> \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0644 23 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a (Rosenberg, 1965) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0632 (Orth &amp; Robins, 2014) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a (7,100) \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.88). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (Klassen et al., 2013) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a-\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 (Gray-Little et al., 1997) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 (23) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 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\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 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\u0645\u062b\u0644 Gray-Little et al. (1997) \u0648Shcheidem (2021)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0640\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c <br \/>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Gray-Little et al. (1997) \u0648 Shcheidem (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 (Gap Identification)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Methodology) \u2014 <\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Anastasi &amp; Urbina, 1997).<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>11.1 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025\/2026. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>11.2 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\/\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 Purposive Sampling<\/strong>\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\/\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b)<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5\u201310 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f<\/strong> (Costello &amp; Osborne, 2005)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>100\u2013200 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 20-30 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong> 11.3 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong> 11.4 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>5 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 (Positive Items)<\/li>\n<li>5 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Negative Items)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>11.5 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 (Content Validity)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Pilot Study)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (20\u201330 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 12 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>. 12.1 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 (Validity of Content)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>12.2 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Pilot Study)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> . . 12.3 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 (Validity)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a (Face Validity)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Content Validity)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Construct Validity)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>12.4 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.70 \u2013 0.90).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Split-Half Reliability)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">13. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SPSS<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">.14. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Operational Framework)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>15.1 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>15.2 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>15.3 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 Excel \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 SPSS<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Normality Tests)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>15.4 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 (Missing Data)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u2192 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 10% \u2192 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 16. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Ethical Considerations)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a APA (2020)<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>16.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Informed Consent) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 16.2 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Confidentiality)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>16.3 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 (Non-Maleficence)<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 16. 4 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1. \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 2. \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 3. \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 4. \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>(1\u060c 2\u060c 4\u060c 6\u060c 7) \u2014 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>(3\u060c 5\u060c 8\u060c 9\u060c 10) \u2014 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 = 4 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 = 3 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 = 2 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 = 1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 = 1 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 = 2 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 = 3 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 = 4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 (10 \u2013 40)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 :<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u061f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 :\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (1) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (10) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (80%) \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (17) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (2)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16418-_Toc105352744\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16418-_Toc120751841\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16418-_Toc138618258\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16418-_Toc164883182\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 Pearson correlation \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Q1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.872**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.795**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.727**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.593**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Q2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.841**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.796**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0799**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.680**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Q3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.788**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.755**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.894**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.852**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Q4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.735**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.784**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.877**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.837**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Q5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.829**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.821**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.830**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.871**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>** \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.01)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>* \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.05)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 :<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (<\/strong>2<strong>) :\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a <\/strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.91<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.87-0.92)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.64-0.84)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.78- 0.91) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 (Conclusion) <\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Anastasi, A., &amp; Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). Prentice-Hall.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. International Universities Press.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Collie, R. J., Shapka, J. D., &amp; Perry, N. E. (2015). Teachers\u2019 psychological functioning in the classroom: The role of self-esteem and job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 48, 38\u201347.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. W. H. Freeman.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costello, A. B., &amp; Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research &amp; Evaluation, 10(7), 1\u20139.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., &amp; Robins, R. W. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16(4), 328\u2013335.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117\u2013140.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gray-Little, B., Williams, V. S. L., &amp; Hancock, T. D. (1997). An item response theory analysis of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(5), 443\u2013451.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. Wiley.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. Holt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Klassen, R. M., Perry, N. E., &amp; Frenzel, A. C. (2013). Teachers\u2019 relatedness and self-efficacy: Teacher education implications. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 38(1), 1\u201312.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). Harper &amp; Row.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Orth, U., &amp; Robins, R. W. (2014). The development of self-esteem across the lifespan. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 381\u2013387.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Houghton Mifflin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Skaalvik, E. M., &amp; Skaalvik, S. (2010). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1059\u20131069.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Schmitt, D. P., &amp; Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale across 53 nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(4), 623\u2013642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Weiner, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. Springer-Verlag.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641. (2018). \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 20(3)\u060c 155\u2013178.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Hilal, F. (2018). Self-Esteem and Its Relationship to Job Burnout among Secondary School Teachers. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 20(3), 155\u2013178.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645. (2019). \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 44(2)\u060c 89\u2013112.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Harbi, M. (2019). Self-Esteem and Its Relationship to Teachers\u2019 Instructional Performance. Arab Journal of Education, 44(2), 89\u2013112.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u062e\u064a\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 12(4)\u060c 233\u2013260.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shkheidem, M. (2021). Social Support and Self-Esteem among Palestinian Teachers. Al-Quds Open University Journal for Educational and Psychological Research, 12(4), 233\u2013260.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a-\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\win%2010\\OneDrive\\%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D\\PHD\\%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87%202\\%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85\\%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A\\%D9%85%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%20%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%20%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC.pdf\">\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 2<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <br \/><strong>&#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale \u2013 RSES)<\/strong> \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a:\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (10) \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c <br \/>\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \/ \u0623. \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <br \/><strong>\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \/ \u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">. 1\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2 . \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">.3 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \/ \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4 . \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u2013 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u2713) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"9\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"9\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(Feelings of Inadequacy &amp; Low Self-Efficacy)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>10<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0633\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>15<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>16<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0624.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>17<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16418","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16418"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16419,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16418\/revisions\/16419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}