{"id":16395,"date":"2026-04-01T02:03:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T02:03:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16395"},"modified":"2026-04-01T02:03:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T02:03:19","slug":"7-4-24","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-4-24\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p><sup>3<\/sup> \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Tourism and Its Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact on Local Communities: An Analytical Study of Port Sudan<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Abdel Fattah Abdel Aziz Mohammed Ibrahim<sup>1<\/sup>, Dr. Ahmed Suleiman Ibrahim Abdullah<sup>2<\/sup>, Hamza Ibrahim Mohammed Omar<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Associate Professor, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Al-Zaeem Al-Azhari University, Sudan.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Assistant Professor, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Al-Zaeem Al-Azhari University, Sudan.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>3<\/sup> Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Red Sea University, Sudan.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/24' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/24<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/24' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/24<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 344 - 367<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-12 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-04-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue4\/7-4-24.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. M., Abdullah A. S. I., Omar H. I. M.. (2026). Tourism and Its Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact on Local Communities: An Analytical Study of Port Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ibrahim Abdel Fattah Abdel Aziz Mohammed, Abdullah Ahmed Suleiman Ibrahim, Omar Hamza Ibrahim Mohammed. 2026. \\&quot;Tourism and Its Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact on Local Communities: An Analytical Study of Port Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 4. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ibrahim A. A. M., Abdullah A. S. I., Omar H. I. M.. 2026. Tourism and Its Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact on Local Communities: An Analytical Study of Port Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-04-01. [Cited 2026-04-23]. 7(4). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-4-24\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ibrahim A. A. M., Abdullah A. S. I., Omar H. I. M.. Tourism and Its Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact on Local Communities: An Analytical Study of Port Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-04-01; 7(4). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ibrahim A. A. M., Abdullah A. S. I., Omar H. I. M., \\&quot;Tourism and Its Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact on Local Communities: An Analytical Study of Port Sudan,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ibrahim Abdel Fattah Abdel Aziz Mohammed, Abdullah Ahmed Suleiman Ibrahim, Omar Hamza Ibrahim Mohammed. \\&quot;Tourism and Its Economic, Social, and Cultural Impact on Local Communities: An Analytical Study of Port Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026-04-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0639. \u0645\u060c  \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623. \u0633. \u0625\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d. \u0625. \u0645. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c  \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0639. \u0645\u060c  \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623. \u0633. \u0625\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d. \u0625. \u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-04-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-23]. 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-4-24\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0639. \u0645\u060c  \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623. \u0633. \u0625\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d. \u0625. \u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-04-01\u061b 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639. \u0639. \u0645\u060c  \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623. \u0633. \u0625\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d. \u0625. \u0645. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 4\u060c 2026-04-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/24&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to analyze the economic, social, and cultural impact of tourism on local communities in Port Sudan in light of the political and administrative shifts that followed the events of 2023. The researchers employed a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by field data collected through a questionnaire distributed to 225 residents, workers, tourists, and stakeholders. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS to verify the validity and reliability of the instrument and to test the study hypotheses. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between tourism development and economic growth, improved quality of life, enhanced social cohesion, and the preservation of cultural identity. The results also indicated that recent national transformations contributed to revitalizing tourism, despite persistent structural and seasonal challenges hindering sustainable development. The study recommends empowering local communities, simplifying tourism investment procedures, improving infrastructure, enhancing workforce training, and adopting strategies that support sustainable tourism in Port Sudan.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Tourism, Port Sudan, Local Development, Economic Impact.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 (Google Docs) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f (225) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 (6) \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 (5) \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>31<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c 2025.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (5) \u0625\u0644\u0649 (1) (\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 (5) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 (4) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f (3) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a = (5+4+3+2+1)\/5 = 3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 = (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644)\/ \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a = (5-1)\/5 = 0.80<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 = (0.79)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.0- 1.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.8- 2.59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.6- 3.39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.4- 4.19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.2- 5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 SPSS\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0635 540- 541.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (SPSS)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Frequencies &amp; Percent) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Mean) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (Standard Deviation) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Skewness)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d (Kurtosis)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (T) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (One Sample T Test)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05)\u061b \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0647\u064a (1.9719).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Independent- Sample T Test)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (One Way ANOVA)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Scheffe)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 (Principals Component Analysis) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (SPSS Ver. (26)) \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640 (0.30) \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c 2003: \u0635149)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.722<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>B1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.711<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>C1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.773<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>D1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.714<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>E1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.758<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.777<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>B2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.802<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>C2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.795<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>D2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.680<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>E2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.726<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.719<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>B3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.742<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>C3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.817<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>D3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.788<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>E3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.799<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.794<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>B4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.839<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>C4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.813<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>D4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.786<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>E4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.653<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.715<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>B5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.757<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>C5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.782<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>D5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.724<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>E5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.671<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a: <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a (Sekaran, 1992).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 Composite Reliability (CR)\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 Average Variance Extracted (AVE)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (CR)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 (AVE)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.798<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.862<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.557<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.826<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.880<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.595<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.851<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.896<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.634<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.789<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.858<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.547<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.768<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.845<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.523<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS) \u0648(CR-AVE Calculator)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 0.5 \u06480.6 \u06480.7\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.768 \u06480.851\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 (Hair et al, 2010) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 0.60\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (CR) \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.845\u060c \u06480.896\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 (Hu &amp; Bentler, 1999) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 0.70\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 (AVE) \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.523\u060c \u06480.634\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 (Malhotra &amp; Dash, 2011) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 0.5\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u00b11)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u00b13)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u00b13)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u00b110) (Malhotra &amp; Dash, 2011: P284)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Skewness<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Error<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Kurtosis<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Error<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-1.197<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.162<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+1.754<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.323<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.591<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.162<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.321<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.323<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.978<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.162<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+3.018<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.323<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.581<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.162<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.824<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.323<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.744<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.162<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.797<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+0.323<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 (\u00b13)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u062f \u0639\u0646 (\u00b110)\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7) \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7) \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>151<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>67.1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.9%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>42.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>120<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>53.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>30 &#8211; 39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>37.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40 &#8211; 49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>50 &#8211; 59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27.1%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>60 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>37.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.6%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>13.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11.5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\/ \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>37.8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>38.7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\/ \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12.9%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>225<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) \u0623\u0646 67.1% \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 32.9% \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 42.3% \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 30 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 37.3% \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (30 &#8211; 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 10.2% \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (40 &#8211; 49 \u0633\u0646\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 8.4% \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (50 &#8211; 59 \u0633\u0646\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 1.8% \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 60 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 53.3% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 30.7% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 10.2% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 5.8% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 38.7% \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 29.3% \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\/ \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 12.9% \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\/ \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 11.6% \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 11.6% \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a))\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 37.8% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a) (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 27.1% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a) (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 21.3% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a) (\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 13.8% \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a) (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 37.8% \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 36% \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 26.2% \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (T) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Hair, et al, 2010: P264).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b: \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.576<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>42.458<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.592<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40.347<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.606<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>37.298<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.727<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.831<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>A5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.707<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29.698<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4.52<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.479<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>47.701<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b: \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (One- Sample T Test) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (4.52)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.479)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) (47.70149.387) \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 (T) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b: \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>B1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.715<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28.142<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>B2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.751<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25.376<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>B3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.675<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.515<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>B4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.612<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>34.226<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>B5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.700<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27.990<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4.36<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.531<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>38.269<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (9) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (One- Sample T Test) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (4.36)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.531)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) (38.269) \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 (T) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>C1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.723<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27.401<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>C2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.800<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22.994<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>C3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.41<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.599<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35.279<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>C4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.626<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>33.437<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>C5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.669<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.673<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4.34<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.544<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>37.057<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (10) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (One- Sample T Test) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (4.34)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.544)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) (37.057) \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 (T) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 2023\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>D1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.050<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>14.348<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>D2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.848<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>19.957<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>D3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.126<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8.465<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>D4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.887<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>15.033<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>D5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.861<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>17.118<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>3.93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.708<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>19.665<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (11) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 2023\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (One- Sample T Test) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (3.93)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.708)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) (19.665) \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 (T) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 2023\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>E1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.699<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29.834<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>E2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.671<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.794<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>E3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.635<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35.190<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>E4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.655<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>33.789<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>E5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.748<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26.102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4.41<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.492<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>42.929<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c 2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (12) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (One- Sample T Test) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (4.41)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.492)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) (42.929) \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 (T) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (Independent- Sample T Test) \u0648(One Way ANOVA):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (13) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a (Independent- Sample T Test) \u0648(One Way ANOVA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) \u0623\u0648 (F)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.415<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.679<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.713<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.584<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.028<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.381<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.429<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.049<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.498<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.004<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.577<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.030<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c (2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (13) \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a (LSD)\u060c \u0648(Scheffe) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (14) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (LSD) \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\/ \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\/ \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\/ \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.144**<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.065<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.144*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.209*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\/ \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.065<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.209*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c (2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (14) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\/ \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648(\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\/ \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (15) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Scheffe) \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.297*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.297*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c (2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (15) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (16) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Scheffe) \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.154*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.154*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c (2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (16) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2023.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f.<\/strong> (2020). \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2<\/strong>\u060c 19-38.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fadlallah, Budour Idris Ahmed.<\/strong> (2020). <em>The potential of tourism in the Red Sea State, Sudan<\/em>. <em>Al-Qulzum Journal of Geographical and Environmental Studies<\/em>, Red Sea Basin Countries Research and Studies Center and University of Sinnar, Sudan, <strong>Issue 2<\/strong>, 19-38.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639.<\/strong> (2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642). <em>Journal of Tourism, Hotel and Heritage (JTHH)<\/em>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c <strong>5<\/strong>(1)\u060c 226-244.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mohamed, Ehab Rabie.<\/strong> (2022). <em>The role of tourism festivals in stimulating tourism movement in Sudan: A case study of the Red Sea Festival for Tourism and Shopping<\/em>. <em>Journal of Tourism, Hotel and Heritage (JTHH)<\/em>, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Matrouh University, <strong>5<\/strong>(1), 226-244.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/strong> (2016). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/em> (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Issa, Amal Al-Tahir Ali.<\/strong> (2016). <em>Tourism development and its impact on social changes: An application to Port Sudan City<\/em> (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). Al-Neelain University, Sudan.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.<\/strong> (2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 2030. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 (IJTHS)<\/em>\u060c <strong>3<\/strong>(2)\u060c 264-283.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Farag, Mohamed Mohamed.<\/strong> (2022). <em>The role of the local community in achieving the goals of sustainable tourism development within Egypt Vision 2030<\/em>. <em>International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Studies (IJTHS)<\/em>, <strong>3<\/strong>(2), 264-283.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c.<\/strong> (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b (AJSRP)\u060c <strong>2<\/strong>(13)\u060c 129-142.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ali, Akram Mohamed Ahmed Al-Haj.<\/strong> (2018). <em>Tourism and its role in achieving economic and social development: A case study of some Arab countries with a focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Qatar<\/em>. <em>Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences<\/em>, Arab Journal of Sciences and Research Publishing (AJSRP), <strong>2<\/strong>(13), 129-142.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/strong> (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <strong>5<\/strong>(1)\u060c 60-73.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Chaouache, Toufik Brahim, &amp; Fares, Iman.<\/strong> (2018). <em>Sustainable tourism as a channel for local community development<\/em>. <em>Journal of Development Research and Studies<\/em>, <strong>5<\/strong>(1), 60-73.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.<\/strong> (2021). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (IJOHSS)<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 25<\/strong>\u060c 152-170.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Salman, Nawal Mohamed.<\/strong> (2021). <em>The role of sustainable tourism in local development: The experience of Ajloun City in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan<\/em>. <em>International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IJOHSS)<\/em>, Beirut, Lebanon, <strong>Issue 25<\/strong>, 152-170.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649.<\/strong> (2021). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 (IJHTH)<\/em>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c <strong>15<\/strong>(2)\u060c 564-580.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Hassan, Hanaa, Wafik, Ghada, Abdel Nabi, Farouk, &amp; Abu Hamad, Mostafa.<\/strong> (2021). <em>An analytical study of the impact of sustainable tourism development on the consumption of local agricultural products and the elimination of hunger and poverty in the local community: An application to the Red Sea Governorate<\/em>. <em>International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality (IJHTH)<\/em>, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, <strong>15<\/strong>(2), 564-580.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/strong> (1982). <em>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 SPSS<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ezz, Abdel Fattah.<\/strong> (1982). <em>Introduction to Descriptive Statistics Using SPSS<\/em>. Cairo, Egypt: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f.<\/strong> (2003). <em>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a SPSS<\/em> (\u0637. 10). \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Zaghloul, Saad.<\/strong> (2003). Your Guide to the SPSS Statistical Program (10th ed.). Baghdad, Iraq: Arab Institute for Training and Statistical Sciences.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. &amp; Anderson, R.E., (2010), Multivariate Data Analysis, 7<sup>th<\/sup> Edition, Pearson, New York, United States of America.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Hu, L. &amp; Bentler, P.M., (1999), Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versos New Alternatives SEM, Vol. (06), No. (01), P(1-55).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Malhotra, N.K. &amp; Dash, S., (2011), Marketing Research an Applied Orientation, Pearson Publishing, London, United Kingdom.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Sekaran, Uma, (1992), Research Method for Business: A Skill Building Approach, John Willy &amp; Sons, United States of America.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Uma Sekaran, &amp; Bougie R., (2010), Research Method for Business, John Wiley &amp; Sons, United States of America.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e.<\/strong> (2014). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abu Ali, Sabri Ali Al-Sheikh.<\/strong> (2014). The role of the private sector in developing the tourism industry in Sudan: A case study of the Red Sea State (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> (2019). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (2008\u20132017) (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Musa, Tayba Musa Ismail.<\/strong> (2019). The impact of tourism investment on local development in Sudan: A case study of the Red Sea State (2008\u20132017) (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Al-Neelain University, Sudan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631.<\/strong> (14 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2018). \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629.. \u0632\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064f\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"https:\/\/soyaah.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/soyaah.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abdel Hafeez, Haidar.<\/strong> (April 14, 2018). Port Sudan is a city of splendor\u2026 Visit it and you will be amazed. Soyaah Specialized Tourism Newspaper. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/soyaah.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/soyaah.com<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d.<\/strong> (8 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 &#8211; \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/samahalnor.orgfree.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/samahalnor.orgfree.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Nour, Samah.<\/strong> (November 8, 2025). Tourism in Sudan: Red Sea State \u2013 Port Sudan. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/samahalnor.orgfree.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/samahalnor.orgfree.com<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645.<\/strong> (26 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023). \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"https:\/\/aawsat.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/aawsat.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Saleh, Siham.<\/strong> (November 26, 2023). The Flower of the Coast: A city whose secrets Sudanese people discovered after the war. Asharq Al-Awsat Online Newspaper. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/aawsat.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/aawsat.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16395","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16395"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16403,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16395\/revisions\/16403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}