{"id":16357,"date":"2026-04-01T00:28:25","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16357"},"modified":"2026-04-01T00:28:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:28:26","slug":"7-4-12","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-4-12\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0647<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Effect of Teaching Polite Expressions on Vocabulary Development among Fifth-Grade Students Receiving School-Based Language Therapy in Mainstream Schools within the Green Line (Israel)<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Wisal Nassar<sup>1<\/sup> Rina Badran Hamza<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/12' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/12<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/12' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/12<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 161 - 179<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-04-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue4\/7-4-12.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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B. (2026). The Effect of Teaching Polite Expressions on Vocabulary Development among Fifth-Grade Students Receiving School-Based Language Therapy in Mainstream Schools within the Green Line (Israel). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/12&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Nassar Wisal, Hamza Rina Badran. 2026. \\&quot;The Effect of Teaching Polite Expressions on Vocabulary Development among Fifth-Grade Students Receiving School-Based Language Therapy in Mainstream Schools within the Green Line (Israel).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 4. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/12&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Nassar W., Hamza R. B. 2026. The Effect of Teaching Polite Expressions on Vocabulary Development among Fifth-Grade Students Receiving School-Based Language Therapy in Mainstream Schools within the Green Line (Israel). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-04-01. [Cited 2026-04-23]. 7(4). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-4-12\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/12&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Nassar W., Hamza R. B. The Effect of Teaching Polite Expressions on Vocabulary Development among Fifth-Grade Students Receiving School-Based Language Therapy in Mainstream Schools within the Green Line (Israel). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-04-01; 7(4). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/12&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Nassar W., Hamza R. B, \\&quot;The Effect of Teaching Polite Expressions on Vocabulary Development among Fifth-Grade Students Receiving School-Based Language Therapy in Mainstream Schools within the Green Line (Israel),\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/12&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Nassar Wisal, Hamza Rina Badran. \\&quot;The Effect of Teaching Polite Expressions on Vocabulary Development among Fifth-Grade Students Receiving School-Based Language Therapy in Mainstream Schools within the Green Line (Israel).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026-04-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/12&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0647 \u0631. \u0628. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (r = 0.701)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (r = 0.698)\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (r = 0.818)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (p < .001). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629.\r\n\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to examine the impact of teaching polite expressions on vocabulary development and communicative-social outcomes among fifth-grade students receiving school-based language therapy. A quantitative descriptive-analytical design was employed. A structured questionnaire consisting of 30 items distributed across five dimensions\u2014linguistic planning, instructional implementation, vocabulary development, communicative-social impact, and professional challenges\u2014was administered to a sample of 210 educational practitioners.\r\nDescriptive findings indicated high mean scores across all dimensions, reflecting a strong presence of structured instruction of polite expressions. Pearson correlation analyses revealed strong positive relationships between linguistic planning and vocabulary development (r = .701), instructional implementation and vocabulary development (r = .698), and a very strong relationship between vocabulary development and communicative-social impact (r = .818). Independent samples t-tests further demonstrated statistically significant differences with very large effect sizes in favor of students exposed to structured instruction of polite expressions.\r\nThe findings suggest that teaching polite expressions represents an effective pragmatic-based approach to enhancing vocabulary growth and communicative competence among students receiving language therapy. The study calls for the systematic integration of pragmatic vocabulary instruction within school-based language programs.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Polite expressions, Vocabulary development, School-based language therapy, Communicative competence, Pragmatic skills.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 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\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 (Riyanto, 2023). \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Chico-Valverde et al., 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 Yule, 2010) \u061b (Brown &amp; Levinson, 1987.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0651\u0628\u0629 (\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627) : \u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627): \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629(.Richards &amp; Schmidt, 2010 \u061b (Nation, 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u064a\u0646): \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627): \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629( American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 2020 :Owens, 2016 ).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a (\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u064a\u0646) : \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0651\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (210) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 : \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 73.8% (155 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 26.2% (55 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-16360\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-1.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-1-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-1-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: 60.0% \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 (126 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627), 34.8% \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 (73 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627)\u060c 5.2% \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 (11 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-16361\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-2.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-2-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-2-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/> \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 : \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: 1.4% \u062d\u062a\u0649 25 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (3 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646). 15.2% \u0628\u064a\u0646 26\u201335 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (32 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627). 41.0% \u0628\u064a\u0646 36\u201345 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (86 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627). 42.4% \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 45 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (89 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627). <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-16362\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-3.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-3-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-3-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 36 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 : \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646: 20.5% \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (43 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627). 13.8% \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 11\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (29 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627). 65.7% \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (138 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-16363\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-4.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-4-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-4-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-4-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-16364\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-5.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-5-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-5-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-5-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-16365\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-6.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-6-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-6-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/word-image-16357-6-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 (30) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (1) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648(5) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (0.891)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (0.892).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 (0.70) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 (0.90) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (0.891) \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 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\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 : <\/strong>\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (6) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 0.821\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 0.820. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 (0.80) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.821 \u2013 0.917)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>N<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Std. Deviation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.3349<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.72657<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.2770<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.69621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.0683<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.72169<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.0873<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.71555<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.6079<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.80353<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (3.6079 \u2013 4.3349)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629) 4.3349 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 0.72657\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c) 4.2770 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a 0.69621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647 4.0683 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a 0.72169\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a) 4.0873 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a 0.71555\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a) \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a 3.6079 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a 0.80353\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 (210) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : <\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649, \u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646(Pearson Correlation). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 r = 0.701\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 p &lt; .001\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 N = 210. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 0.01 (\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647:<strong><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/strong><\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson Correlation) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 r = 0.698\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 p &lt; .001\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 N = 210. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 0.01 (\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641).\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 : <\/strong>\u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647:\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson Correlation). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 r = 0.818\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 p &lt; .001\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 N = 210. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 0.01 (\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631(\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 : <\/strong>\u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Independent Samples t-test).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a : \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t = 11.131 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (208)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 p &lt; .001.. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645( M = 4.7778, SD = 0.31066) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0647 (M = 3.8921, SD = 0.75390). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 (Cohen\u2019s d = 1.536)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645) : \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t = 13.124 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (208)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p &lt; .001.. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (M = 4.7444, SD = 0.28595)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (M = 3.8095, SD = 0.67163) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 (Cohen\u2019s d = 1.811)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629) : \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t = 14.446 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (208)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p &lt; .001. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (M = 4.5778, SD = 0.40501)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649(M = 3.5587, SD = 0.59869). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 (Cohen\u2019s d = 1.994)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a) : \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t = 14.242 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (208)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p &lt; .001.. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (M = 4.5889, SD = 0.39836)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (M = 3.5857, SD = 0.60186) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 (Cohen\u2019s d = 1.966)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a) : \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t = 6.001 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (208)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p &lt; .001.. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (M = 3.9159, SD = 0.76030)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (M = 3.3000, SD = 0.72663). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631(Cohen\u2019s d = 0.828)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 : \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (r = 0.701, p &lt; .001) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 (Nation, 2001). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (r = 0.698, p &lt; .001) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (Brown &amp; Levinson, 1987). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (r = 0.818, p &lt; .001) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Yule, 2010). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0633 (Hymes, 1972)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a (Pragmatic Dimension) \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a(r = .818) \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Pragmatics Theory) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 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justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (Cohen\u2019s d \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1.536 \u2013 1.994) . \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u2013\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639.<\/strong> (2025). \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. <em>repository.najah.edu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Aqili, A.<\/strong> (2025). Attitudes of Arabic language teachers toward employing modern educational applications in teaching (Master\u2019s thesis). An-Najah National University, Palestine. <em>repository.najah.edu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0633.<\/strong> (2024). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. <em>repository.najah.edu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Salem, S.<\/strong> (2024). The role of employing interactive strategies in teaching Arabic language skills at the basic stage (Master\u2019s thesis). An-Najah National University, Palestine. <em>repository.najah.edu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alhashmi, M., Al-Humaidi, A., &amp; Al-Mahrooqi, R. (2023). Arabic curriculum innovation through children\u2019s literature: Developing language skills in elementary education. <em>International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 23<\/em>(2), 45\u201363. (ERIC No. EJ1410093)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brown, P., &amp; Levinson, S. C. (1987). <em>Politeness: Some universals in language usage<\/em>. Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chico-Valverde, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, C., &amp; L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez, A. (2025). Impact of structural and pragmatic language skills on emotion regulation and social relationships in school-aged children. <em>Journal of Child Language and Communication, 42<\/em>(1), 88\u2013104. (ERIC No. EJ1488525)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Halil, N. I., &amp; Yuliati, Y. (2023). Exploring directive speech acts in elementary school communication: Types and sociopragmatic markers. <em>Journal of Pragmatics in Education, 15<\/em>(1), 21\u201337. (ERIC No. EJ1399094)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">ymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In J. B. Pride &amp; J. Holmes (Eds.), <em>Sociolinguistics<\/em>. Penguin.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mollahossein, H., Alavinia, P., &amp; Modirkhamene, S. (2025). Teaching vocabulary and reading skills through value- and etiquette-based texts in foreign language classrooms: An expedient endeavor? <em>MEXTESOL Journal, 49<\/em>(3), 1\u201315. (ERIC No. EJ1484690)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nation, I. S. P. (2001). <em>Learning vocabulary in another language<\/em>. Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Owens, R. E. (2016). <em>Language development: An introduction<\/em> (9th ed.). Pearson.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Richards, J. C., &amp; Schmidt, R. (2010). <em>Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics<\/em> (4th ed.). Routledge.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Riyanto, S. (2023). The application of moderate politeness into school language learning: An ecological study. <em>Journal of Language, Culture and Education, 11<\/em>(2),66\u201382. (ERIC No. EJ1413362)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yule, G. (2010). <em>The study of language<\/em> (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2020). <em>Scope of practice in speech-language pathology<\/em>. ASHA.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16357","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16357"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16366,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16357\/revisions\/16366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}