{"id":16354,"date":"2026-04-01T00:32:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16354"},"modified":"2026-04-01T00:32:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:32:57","slug":"7-4-15","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-4-15\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 &quot;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641&quot; \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621-\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: atmani50@yahoo.fr<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Deconstructing Cultural Memory and Re-encoding the Margin:\r\nAn Integrated Approach to Chouaib Halifi\u2019s Novel Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Othmani El Miloud<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Regional Center for Education and Training Professions, Casablanca-Settat Region, Morocco.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> atmani50@yahoo.fr<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/15' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/15<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/15' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/15<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 215 - 227<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-04-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue4\/7-4-15.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2026). Deconstructing Cultural Memory and Re-encoding the Margin:\\r\\nAn Integrated Approach to Chouaib Halifi\u2019s Novel Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Othmani El Miloud. 2026. \\&quot;Deconstructing Cultural Memory and Re-encoding the Margin:\\r\\nAn Integrated Approach to Chouaib Halifi\u2019s Novel Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 4. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;El Miloud A. 2026. Deconstructing Cultural Memory and Re-encoding the Margin:\\r\\nAn Integrated Approach to Chouaib Halifi\u2019s Novel Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-04-01. [Cited 2026-05-09]. 7(4). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-4-15\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;El Miloud A. Deconstructing Cultural Memory and Re-encoding the Margin:\\r\\nAn Integrated Approach to Chouaib Halifi\u2019s Novel Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-04-01; 7(4). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;El Miloud A, \\&quot;Deconstructing Cultural Memory and Re-encoding the Margin:\\r\\nAn Integrated Approach to Chouaib Halifi\u2019s Novel Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Othmani El Miloud. \\&quot;Deconstructing Cultural Memory and Re-encoding the Margin:\\r\\nAn Integrated Approach to Chouaib Halifi\u2019s Novel Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026-04-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639. (2026). \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \\&quot;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\\&quot; \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. 2026. \u00ab\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \\&quot;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\\&quot; \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639. \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \\&quot;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\\&quot; \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-04-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-05-09]. 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-4-15\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639. \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \\&quot;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\\&quot; \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-04-01\u061b 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639. \u00ab\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \\&quot;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\\&quot; \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 4\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u00ab\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \\&quot;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\\&quot; \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 4\u060c 2026-04-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/15&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\u00bb \u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a(2022) \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to analyze Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif by Chouaib Halifi (2022) through a multi-level approach that combines Yuri Lotman\u2019s semiotics of culture, Jacques Derrida\u2019s deconstruction, and the pragmatic analysis of epistolary discourse. The study is based on the hypothesis that the novel does not merely reconstruct a historical event, but rather reconfigures it within a new semantic system that redistributes cultural values between the center and the margin. The analysis reveals that the text functions as a cultural apparatus that reintegrates marginalized memory into the Moroccan semiosphere, deconstructs the metaphysical binaries underlying official history, and constructs an epistolary dialogue grounded in a pragmatic interrogation of truth and power. The study concludes that the novel represents a model of critical historical fiction that transforms history into a space of continuous interpretation. It is divided into two major parts: macro-analysis and micro-analysis.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Semiotics of culture, deconstruction, pragmatic analysis, letters, macro-analysis, micro-analysis.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a\u0647 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none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649(\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006: 44).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.1. \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a <sup><a id=\"post-16354-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-16354-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>(\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.2. \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (Diff\u00e9rance)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.2. \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a<sup><a id=\"post-16354-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-16354-footnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u064e\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627: \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2.3. <strong>\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a<sup><a id=\"post-16354-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-16354-footnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>-\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\u00bb \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a 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justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641&#8221; \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 <em>&#8220;\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644&#8221;<\/em> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> (1986). <em>\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bakhtin, Mikhail.<\/strong> (1986). <em>The Poetics of Dostoevsky<\/em> (Trans. Jamil Nasif al-Tikriti). Casablanca, Morocco: Toubkal Publishing House.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> (2009). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bakhtin, Mikhail.<\/strong> (2009). <em>The Novelistic Discourse<\/em> (Trans. Mohammed Berrada). Cairo, Egypt: Ru\u2019ya for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645.<\/strong> (1998). <em>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/em>. \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Qatous, Bassam.<\/strong> (1998). <em>Reading Strategies: Theoretical Foundation and Critical Procedure<\/em>. Irbid, Jordan: Dar al-Kindi for Publishing.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0643.<\/strong> (2005). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Derrida, Jacques.<\/strong> (2005). <em>Writing and Difference<\/em> (Trans. Kadhim Jihad). Casablanca, Morocco: Toubkal Publishing House.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0643.<\/strong> (2008). <em>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Derrida, Jacques.<\/strong> (2008). <em>Of Grammatology<\/em> (Trans. Anwar Mughith &amp; Mona Talba). Cairo, Egypt: National Center for Translation.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> (1987). <em>\u0623\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Foucault, Michel.<\/strong> (1987). <em>The Archaeology of Knowledge<\/em> (Trans. Salim Yafut). Morocco: Arab Cultural Center.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> (1990). <em>\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a). \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Foucault, Michel.<\/strong> (1990). <em>The Will to Knowledge: The History of Sexuality<\/em> (Vol. 1) (Trans. \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a \/ George Tarabishi). Lebanon: Dar al-Tali\u2018a.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> (2005). <em>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Foucault, Michel.<\/strong> (2005). <em>The Order of Discourse<\/em> (Trans. Mohammed Sabila). Morocco: Toubkal Publishing House.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628.<\/strong> (2022). <em>\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Halifi, Chouaib.<\/strong> (2022). <em>Seven Letters to Saleh ibn Tarif<\/em>. Casablanca, Morocco: Publications of the Moroccan Pen Club.<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Lotman, Y. (1990). Universe of the Mind. Indiana University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Lotman, Y. (2009). Culture and Explosion. Mouton de Gruyter.<\/li>\n<li>Lotman Jurij (1973), La structure du texte artistique, Gallimard, Paris.<\/li>\n<li>LOTMAN Youri(1999), La S\u00e9miosph\u00e8re, Presses universitaires de Limoges.<\/li>\n<li>LOTMAN Youri(2004), L&#8217;Explosion de la culture, Presses universitaires de Limoges.<\/li>\n<li>Monique de saint Martin(2022), \u00ab\u00a0La notion de champ chez Bourdieu\u00a0\u00bb,Revista Brasileira de Sociologia.voir le lien\u00a0:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20336\/rbs.910fr\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20336\/rbs.910fr<\/a><\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Searle, J. (1969). Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e9miotique de la culture et th\u00e9orie des textes. \u00c9tudes litt\u00e9raires, 21(3), 157\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/500878ar<\/li>\n<li>(1977), S\u00e9miotique et esth\u00e9tique du cin\u00e9ma, trad. du russe par Sabine Breuillard, \u00c9d. sociales, Paris. \u2014 (1994), Lekcii po struktural\u2019noj poetike, Gnosis, Moscou.<\/li>\n<li>(1999), S\u00e9miosph\u00e8re, traduit du russe par Anka Ledenko, Pulim, Limoges.<\/li>\n<li>WENGER Isabelle(2013), (Les notions de &#8220;s\u00e9miosph\u00e8re&#8221; et de &#8220;fronti\u00e8re&#8221; selon Youri Lotman), S\u00e9minaire : L&#8217;histoire du signe dans la culture russe 22.04.2013. Disponible sur\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/crecleco.seriot.ch\/cours\/a12-%2013\/MA\/P13\/8LOTMAN\/res.pdf\">https:\/\/crecleco.seriot.ch\/cours\/a12- 13\/MA\/P13\/8LOTMAN\/res.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634::<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062b \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 (1990). \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f.\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a(\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 2010: 65) <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8221;\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u061f \u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 (2000: 63) \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641&#8221; \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627&#8221; \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0648\u0633 (1998: 23): \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Searle, J. (1969). Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0648\u201d\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d Dialogisme\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u201c\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u201d Monologisme\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u201c\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u201d\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221;:<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635: 11\u061b \u00a0\u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635: 28<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a(2022)\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0635.49. <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635.56 <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0635.63 <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644. (1987). \u0623\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644. (1990). \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644. (2005). <em>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/em> (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635.70 <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644(champ) \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629&#8221;( \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646(2022). \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635.72 <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635.73 <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635.82 <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16354-footnote-15\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635.94 <a href=\"#post-16354-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u0628\u0639 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16354","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16354"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16375,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16354\/revisions\/16375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}