{"id":16335,"date":"2026-04-01T00:16:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16335"},"modified":"2026-04-01T00:16:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T00:16:05","slug":"7-4-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-4-5\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: hajerstone11@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Hamed Hajar Hassan<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Ph.D. student, specializing in Peace and Culture Studies, College of Graduate Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> hajerstone11@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/5' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj74\/5<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/5' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/74\/5<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 47 - 60<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-03-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-04-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue4\/7-4-5.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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H. (2026). The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Hassan Hamed Hajar. 2026. \\&quot;The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 4. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Hassan H. H. 2026. The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-04-01. [Cited 2026-04-23]. 7(4). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-4-5\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Hassan H. H. The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-04-01; 7(4). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Hassan H. H, \\&quot;The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Hassan Hamed Hajar. \\&quot;The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, 2026-04-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d. \u062d. (2026). \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0631. 2026. \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d. \u062d. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-04-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-23]. 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-4-5\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d. \u062d. \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-04-01\u061b 7(4). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d. \u062d. \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 4\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0631. \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 4\u060c 2026-04-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj74\\\/5&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This analytical paper examines the most critical existential challenge represented by the proliferation and illicit possession of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in Sudan and their direct impact on human security. This phenomenon, which has intensified after decades of conflict, especially following the outbreak of the most recent conflict in early 2023, has become a major driver of ongoing violence and a serious obstacle to stability and sustainable development. It analyses the sources and mechanisms of arms flows, including uncontrolled borders and the diversion of government weapons, and evaluates the devastating consequences of this proliferation for the protection of individuals and communities in Sudan. The study concludes that confronting this threat requires comprehensive strategic measures that go beyond conventional political responses, through strengthening arms control, supporting disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) efforts, and promoting the foundations of sustainable peace and human security in Sudan.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Small Arms and Light Weapons, Human Security, Armed Conflicts, Disarmament, Sustainable Peace.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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(UNFPA\u060c 2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 (UN News, 2025)\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 (\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Unicef,2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a: \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 (UN News , 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0639 (OHCHR\u060c 2025). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631 (SALW) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0641)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (RPG).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 (DShK) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0634\u0643\u0627).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Drones)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (Trans-border Security Complexes)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 6,700 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Leakage) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629) \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0641\u064a 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 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justify;\"><strong><em>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646:<\/em><\/strong> \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 <strong><em>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f: \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u064a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/strong>: \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627 (1997) \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 (ATT) (2014)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 : <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d (Identity Complexity Management) \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Integrated Identity Security &#8211; IIS)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Constructivism) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (Cognitive Disarmament)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0640\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Out-group) \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 (Layered Identity):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629:<\/em><\/strong> \u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (Trans-Identity Institutional Inclusion)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 (SSR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635:<\/em><\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 (Societal Coexistence Resilience):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/strong>: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (IIS)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d:<\/em><\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c (DDR).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a Recommendation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/em><\/strong>: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d (DDR 2.0)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d (Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration) \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629: \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a (Quotas) \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/em><\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 Leakage) ) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Biometric &amp; GPS) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b:<\/em><\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a (\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 (Marking and Tracing) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 <\/strong> <strong>Conclusion :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (IIS)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648). \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. (2023). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. (2023). <em>Sudan: Contexts of War and the Challenges of Transition<\/em>. Doha: The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a. (2024). <em>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/em>. \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2024). <em>Human Development Report: Strengthening Human Security in Conflict-Affected States<\/em>. New York: United Nations Publications.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645. (2022). \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c (DDR) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (55)\u060c 45\u201362.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Baraka, M. (2022). Challenges of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) in Areas of Tribal Conflicts. <em>Arab Journal of Political Science<\/em>, (55), 45\u201362.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c.\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d. (2025). <em>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/em>. \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suleiman, J., &amp; Hamid, H. (2025). <em>The Proliferation of Illicit Weapons and Its Threat to the Sustainability of Human Security in Sudan<\/em>. Unpublished research paper, Institute of Peace and Cultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645. (2023). \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c 29(1)\u060c 110\u2013135.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Othman, M. (2023). Problems of Weapons Collection in Darfur: A Study of Challenges and Opportunities. <em>Sudanese Studies Journal<\/em>, University of Khartoum, 29(1), 110\u2013135.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637. (2023). <em>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO EMRO). (2023). <em>Report on the Epidemiological Situation and the Collapse of the Health System in Sudan<\/em>. Cairo: Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Boutroue, J. and Laurence, E. J. (2024). Small Arms and Human Security: Defusing the Real Weapons of Mass Destruction. 2nd end. London: Routledge.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2024). Sudan Mobility Update: Displaced Populations and Conflict Dynamics. Geneva: IOM Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Knight, M. (2020). &#8216;Security Sector Reform and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding&#8217;, Journal of Peacebuilding &amp; Development, 15(2), pp. 135-152.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Small Arms Survey (2023). Sudan: Arms Flows and Conflict Dynamics after April 2023. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNDP (2024). Best Practices Guide for Disarmament and Reintegration in Complex Conflict Environments. New York: United Nations Development Programme.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNFPA (2025). Conflict in Sudan: Gender-Based Violence and Protection Challenges. New York: United Nations Population Fund.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNICEF (2025). The Impact of Armed Conflict on Children in Sudan: A Situational Analysis. Geneva: United Nations Children&#8217;s Fund.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16335","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16335"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16343,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16335\/revisions\/16343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}