{"id":16040,"date":"2026-03-01T00:22:27","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T00:22:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16040"},"modified":"2026-03-15T18:38:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T18:38:00","slug":"7-3-19","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-3-19\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (2000 \u2013 2022): \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Role of Development Finance for Small Enterprises in Economic Development in Sudan (2000\u20132022): A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Abdelwahab Hassan Babiker<sup>1<\/sup>, Mohammed Zain Ahmed Mohammed Noreen<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Al-Zaeem Al-Azhari University, Sudan.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj73\/19' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj73\/19<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/73\/19' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/73\/19<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (3). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 273 - 284<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-02-12 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-02-19 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-03-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue3\/7-3-19.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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H., Noreen M. A. M.. (2026). The Role of Development Finance for Small Enterprises in Economic Development in Sudan (2000\u20132022): A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Babiker Abdelwahab Hassan, Noreen Mohammed Zain Ahmed Mohammed. 2026. \\&quot;The Role of Development Finance for Small Enterprises in Economic Development in Sudan (2000\u20132022): A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 3. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Babiker A. H., Noreen M. A. M.. 2026. The Role of Development Finance for Small Enterprises in Economic Development in Sudan (2000\u20132022): A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-03-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(3). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-3-19\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Babiker A. H., Noreen M. A. M.. The Role of Development Finance for Small Enterprises in Economic Development in Sudan (2000\u20132022): A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-03-01; 7(3). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Babiker A. H., Noreen M. A. M., \\&quot;The Role of Development Finance for Small Enterprises in Economic Development in Sudan (2000\u20132022): A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Babiker Abdelwahab Hassan, Noreen Mohammed Zain Ahmed Mohammed. \\&quot;The Role of Development Finance for Small Enterprises in Economic Development in Sudan (2000\u20132022): A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2026-03-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639. \u062d\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645. \u0623. \u0645. (2026). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (2000 \u2013 2022): \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (2000 \u2013 2022): \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639. \u062d\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645. \u0623. \u0645. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (2000 \u2013 2022): \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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[\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-03-01\u061b 7(3). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/19&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639. \u062d\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645. \u0623. \u0645. \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (2000 \u2013 2022): \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> The study aimed to identify the role of development finance for small enterprises in achieving economic development in Sudan during the period (2000\u20132022) by analyzing the contribution of financing facilities, concessional lending programs, technical support and training, and financial inclusion in supporting economic activity and improving development indicators. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach due to its suitability for the nature of the research and used a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The study population consisted of owners and managers of small enterprises in Sudan who benefit from development finance services provided by the Savings and Social Development Bank, while the researcher relied on a purposive sample of (220) respondents selected according to specific criteria, including practical experience in managing or dealing with small enterprises, geographical distribution across different states of Sudan, and consideration of diversity in gender, age group, and educational qualification, ensuring appropriate representation of the study population. The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between development finance for small enterprises and economic development during the study period. The findings also indicated that increasing financing facilities contributes to stimulating economic activity and creating job opportunities, and that concessional lending programs support small enterprises and enhance their economic productivity. The results further showed that qualifying entrepreneurs and developing their skills improves the efficiency of small enterprises and increases their contribution to the national economy. In addition, expanding financial inclusion and providing banking services to small enterprises contribute to increasing GDP and improving living standards. Accordingly, the study recommends strengthening development finance policies, expanding financing facilities, developing training and concessional lending programs, and promoting financial inclusion to support sustainable economic development in Sudan.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Development Finance, Small Enterprises, Economic Development, Financial Inclusion, Sudan.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2000-2022\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2021): <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 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<\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. 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justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1<\/strong><a id=\"post-16040-_Hlk222602347\"><\/a><strong>. \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 27%\u060c \u06485-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 45%\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 28%\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (SPSS v25) \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e) (Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<strong>: <\/strong>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.82 \u06480.91\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u2265 0.70 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5. \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644(1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16040-_Hlk222580975\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a <\/strong><a id=\"post-16040-_Hlk222582949\"><\/a><strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.88<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.91<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.88 \u06483.94\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3.94\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 3.92\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 3.90\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 3.88. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.17\u20131.18)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644 3.91\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644(2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.91<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.93<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.88<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.91 \u06484.02\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 4.02\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 3.94\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a 3.93\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 3.91. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.88 \u06481.17\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644 3.95\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>6. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><a id=\"post-16040-_Hlk192562987\"><\/a><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000\u20132022).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000\u20132022)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 (B)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.07<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.88<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>(Constant)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>R\u00b2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>F-value<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>165.32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000\u20132022)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0643\u0644 165.32 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Sig. = 0.000\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 B = 0.32 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Sig. = 0.000\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 B = 0.28 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 Sig. = 0.000\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 B = 0.35 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Sig. = 0.000\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 B = 0.31 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 Sig. = 0.000\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. <\/strong><a id=\"post-16040-_Hlk222602063\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2000\u20132022).<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-section-id=\"12snwfs\" data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"825\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"825\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641. (2023). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(4)\u060c 1489\u20131527. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"570\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/hiss.2023.316429<\/a><br data-start=\"570\" data-end=\"573\" \/>Ibrahim, Alaa Al-Din Abdel Latif. (2023). An Analytical Study of the Role of Financing Loans in Developing Small and Medium Enterprises. Journal of the Higher Institute for Specialized Studies, 3(4), 1489\u20131527. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"825\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/hiss.2023.316429<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"jfecjx\" data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"1238\">\n<p data-start=\"830\" data-end=\"1238\">\u0627\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0635\u0631. (2020). \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(1)\u060c 188\u2013230. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v3i1.1985\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"1017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v3i1.1985<\/a><br data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1020\" \/>Ashqaq, Muftah Nasr. (2020). Financing Difficulties Facing Small Enterprises and Prospects for Their Solutions: An Applied Study on Libya. Economic Studies Journal, 3(1), 188\u2013230. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v3i1.1985\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1238\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v3i1.1985<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"v12o5g\" data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1632\">\n<p data-start=\"1243\" data-end=\"1632\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646. (2018). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c 38(4)\u060c 305\u2013336. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1377\" data-end=\"1417\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/caf.2018.126318<\/a><br data-start=\"1417\" data-end=\"1420\" \/>Ahmed, Hiyam Salem Zidan. (2018). The Role of Comprehensive Development in Achieving Economic Happiness: An Applied Study. Journal of Commerce and Finance, 38(4), 305\u2013336. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"1632\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/caf.2018.126318<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1g55zwi\" data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"2174\">\n<p data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"2174\">\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2016). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8)\u060c 835\u2013844. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1880\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jaess.2016.38071<\/a><br data-start=\"1880\" data-end=\"1883\" \/>Asli, Shadi Ibrahim, Al-Imam, Mohammed, &amp; Al-Shal, Ahmed. (2016). The Impact of Microfinance for Small Enterprises on Community Development: A Field Study in Dakahlia Governorate. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, 7(8), 835\u2013844. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2133\" data-end=\"2174\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jaess.2016.38071<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1967lal\" data-start=\"2176\" data-end=\"2539\">\n<p data-start=\"2179\" data-end=\"2539\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c 69(69). <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2295\" data-end=\"2342\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/artman.2021.74338.1080<\/a><br data-start=\"2342\" data-end=\"2345\" \/>Al-Rifa\u2018i, Hatem Salah al-Din Mohammed. (2021). Bank Financing and Small Enterprises. Journal of the Faculty of Arts, Mansoura University, 69(69). <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2492\" data-end=\"2539\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/artman.2021.74338.1080<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1sxntsc\" data-start=\"2541\" data-end=\"3035\">\n<p data-start=\"2544\" data-end=\"3035\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2024). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 44(6)\u060c 3\u201322. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2724\" data-end=\"2769\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/AJA.2022.145390.1274<\/a><br data-start=\"2769\" data-end=\"2772\" \/>Al-Yazidi, Rizq Allah bin Abdullah. (2024). The Role of Entrepreneurship in Enhancing Economic Development: A Field Study of Entrepreneurial Projects in Jeddah Governorate. Arab Journal of Administration, 44(6), 3\u201322. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"3035\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/AJA.2022.145390.1274<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1r7lhnq\" data-start=\"3037\" data-end=\"3543\">\n<p data-start=\"3040\" data-end=\"3543\">\u062a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(19). <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59735\/arabjhs.v2i19.34\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3223\" data-end=\"3264\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59735\/arabjhs.v2i19.34<\/a><br data-start=\"3264\" data-end=\"3267\" \/>Tom, Al-Amin Musa. (2023). The Impact of Financing Small Projects on Enhancing Women\u2019s Participation in the Development of Local Communities with Training as a Mediating Variable. Arab Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(19). <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59735\/arabjhs.v2i19.34\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3502\" data-end=\"3543\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59735\/arabjhs.v2i19.34<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"wnasvh\" data-start=\"3545\" data-end=\"3856\">\n<p data-start=\"3548\" data-end=\"3856\">\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<br data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3687\" \/>Tigan, Abdel Latif. (2022). Islamic Microfinance and Its Role in Supporting Economic and Social Development. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, University of El Oued, Algeria.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1d3whp1\" data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"4406\">\n<p data-start=\"3861\" data-end=\"4406\">\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0631\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621. (2018). \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 17(32)\u060c 701\u2013744.<br data-start=\"4100\" data-end=\"4103\" \/>Hasouba, Taghreed, Sameh, Rasha, &amp; Fouad, Hanaa. (2018). Financing Small and Micro Enterprises and Its Relationship to Local Development in Egypt: A Case Study on the Developmental and Financial Role of the Local Development Fund. Scientific Journal for Commercial Research and Studies, 17(32), 701\u2013744.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"c3dglj\" data-start=\"4408\" data-end=\"4829\">\n<p data-start=\"4412\" data-end=\"4829\">\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2024). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 10(3)\u060c 585\u2013633. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4561\" data-end=\"4606\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jdl.2024.317733.1390<\/a><br data-start=\"4606\" data-end=\"4609\" \/>Tayel, Iman. (2024). The Role of Green Financing for Small and Medium Enterprises in Achieving Sustainable Development. Journal of Legal and Economic Studies, 10(3), 585\u2013633. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4784\" data-end=\"4829\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jdl.2024.317733.1390<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1i91mxd\" data-start=\"4831\" data-end=\"5235\">\n<p data-start=\"4835\" data-end=\"5235\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 5(1)\u060c 137\u2013152. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v5i1.189\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4989\" data-end=\"5026\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v5i1.189<\/a><br data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5029\" \/>Abdelhadi, Al-Arabi Mustafa, &amp; Masoud, Salma Omar. (2022). The Role of Islamic Banks in Financing Small and Medium Enterprises. Economic Studies Journal, 5(1), 137\u2013152. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v5i1.189\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5198\" data-end=\"5235\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37375\/esj.v5i1.189<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"r94vgq\" data-start=\"5237\" data-end=\"5522\">\n<p data-start=\"5241\" data-end=\"5522\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c (31)\u060c 140\u2013205.<br data-start=\"5363\" data-end=\"5366\" \/>Abdel Fattah, Abeer Mustafa. (2021). Economic Development in Rashid District. Journal of the Center for Geographic and Cartographic Research, (31), 140\u2013205.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"d5i3u3\" data-start=\"5524\" data-end=\"6009\">\n<p data-start=\"5528\" data-end=\"6009\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062c. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(13)\u060c 129\u2013142. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.A290818\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5710\" data-end=\"5748\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.A290818<\/a><br data-start=\"5748\" data-end=\"5751\" \/>Ali, Hajj. (2018). Tourism and Its Role in Achieving Economic and Social Development: A Case Study of Some Arab Countries (Saudi Arabia and Qatar). Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences, 2(13), 129\u2013142. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.A290818\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5971\" data-end=\"6009\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.A290818<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"ixz5hr\" data-start=\"6011\" data-end=\"6401\">\n<p data-start=\"6015\" data-end=\"6401\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 109(530)\u060c 5\u201335. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6150\" data-end=\"6193\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/espesl.2018.215318<\/a><br data-start=\"6193\" data-end=\"6196\" \/>Aliwa, Zainab Tawfiq Al-Sayed. (2018). Economic Development in Light of Modern Concepts and Theories: Egypt as a Model. Misr Al-Mo\u2018asera Journal, 109(530), 5\u201335. <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6358\" data-end=\"6401\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/espesl.2018.215318<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1ab826w\" data-start=\"6403\" data-end=\"6759\">\n<p data-start=\"6407\" data-end=\"6759\">\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f. (2024). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 52(SI)\u060c 347\u2013374. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34120\/jss.v52iSi.3621\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6533\" data-end=\"6573\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34120\/jss.v52iSi.3621<\/a><br data-start=\"6573\" data-end=\"6576\" \/>Qasim, Walid. (2024). The Impact of Democracy on Economic Development with Application to Africa. Journal of Social Sciences, 52(SI), 347\u2013374. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34120\/jss.v52iSi.3621\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6719\" data-end=\"6759\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34120\/jss.v52iSi.3621<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"xj738k\" data-start=\"6761\" data-end=\"7194\">\n<p data-start=\"6765\" data-end=\"7194\">\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628. (2017). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1(4)\u060c 20\u201321. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.S070517\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6924\" data-end=\"6962\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.S070517<\/a><br data-start=\"6962\" data-end=\"6965\" \/>Kinemish, Samira Abdel Wahab. (2017). The Role of Financing Methods in the Success of Small Project Management in Kuwait. Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences, 1(4), 20\u201321. <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.S070517\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"7156\" data-end=\"7194\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.S070517<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1p4c283\" data-start=\"7196\" data-end=\"7629\">\n<p data-start=\"7200\" data-end=\"7629\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636. (2021). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2010\u20132020\u0645). \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br data-start=\"7393\" data-end=\"7396\" \/>Mohammed, Abazar Faisal Al-Awad. (2021). The Role of Bank Financing in Achieving the Objectives of Small Enterprises: A Case Study of the Savings and Social Development Bank (2010\u20132020). Master\u2019s Thesis, Al-Neelain University, Sudan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"eucl8u\" data-start=\"7631\" data-end=\"8158\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"7635\" data-end=\"8158\">\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645. (2024). \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c (4)\u060c 95\u2013136.<br data-start=\"7872\" data-end=\"7875\" \/>Haroun, Imran Shaaban Al-Hadi, &amp; Omar, Abdul Basit Salem. (2024). Enhancing the Role of Islamic Banks in Financing Small and Medium Enterprises in Libya in Light of Some International Experiences: An Applied Study on Islamic Banks in the Central Region. Sharous Journal, (4), 95\u2013136.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">El Deqen, Ahmed El Sayed. (2019). The Relationship between Administrative Reform Planning and Economic Development: Longitudinal Analysis.\u00a0L&#8217; Egypte Contemporaine,\u00a0110(535), 524-560. doi: 10.21608\/espesl.2019.214487<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Karna, P. K. L. (2025). Impact of Microfinance on Small Business Growth and Economic Development in Low-Income Communities. Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International, 2(1). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/ejournal.yasin-alsys.org\/MJAEI\/article\/view\/4977<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Salih, H. D. A., &amp; Hamza, R. A. E. M. (2022). The role of results-based strategic planning in financing small projects to increase production -A field study on financial institutions and owners of small projects-.\u00a0Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences,\u00a06(5), 1-15.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.B080921<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sunday, T. G., Akinade, A. B., &amp; Akanegbu, B. (2025). Impact of Microfinance Bank Lending on the Small Business Growth in Nigeria. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13(3). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/pdf\/jss2025133_501769587.pdf<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vora, A. H. (2023). The Impact of Micro Finance on the Development of Small Scale Enterprises in the Gujarat. Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies, 2(3), 20\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55544\/sjmars.2.3.4<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16040","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16040"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16151,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16040\/revisions\/16151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}